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简介：Viscoelasticityandtemperaturecansignificantlyafecttheperformanceofadielectricelastomer.Inthecurrentstudy,weuseathermodynamicmodeltodescribetheefectoftemperatureandviscoelasticityontheelectromechanicalresponseundergoingacyclicelectricloadbytakingintoaccountofthetemperaturedependentdielectricconstant.Becauseofthesignificantviscoelasticityinthedielectricelastomer,thedeformationandthenominalelectricdisplacementcannotkeepinphasewiththeelectricfieldatlowfrequencies.Theresultsshowthatthemagnitudeofthecyclicelectromechanicalactuationstrainincreaseswiththedecreaseofthetemperatureanddecreaseswiththeincreasingfrequency,andviscoelasticitycanresultinsignificanthysteresisfordielectricelastomersunderarelativelowtemperatureandalowfrequency.

简介：Intheproductionofhotextrusionpipes,thebilletwillbeheatedinaninductionfurnace,beforepiercingorextrusion,toacertaintemperature.Theinductionheatingtemperaturefieldprofileinthebilletwillexertaninfluenceonthedeformationprocesses.ThestudyhasdevelopedandataconversionprogramtoconvertthetemperaturedatafrominductionheatingbyANSYStodeformationsimulationsoftwareDEFORM;therefore,notonlytherelativelyaccuratetemperaturefieldcanbemadeavailable,comparedwiththeusuallyassumeduniformtemperaturefield,butalsotheconnectionbetweeninductionheatinganddeformationcanbeestablished,whichisessentialtoevaluatetheprocessingparameters.Numericalsimulationofthepiercingprocessesofdifferenttemperaturefieldsbyinductionheatingwascarriedout,andtheresultshaveshownthatthedifferentinitialtemperaturefieldsinthebilletcanleadtodifferentdeformationcurves,whichindicatesthattheconversionprogramisnecessarytostudytheproductionprocessofhotextrusionpipes.

简介：WintertemperatureinChinaduringthelast500yearswasconstructedbasedonhistoricaldataaboutthefreeze-upevents,theheavysnowandtheagriculturaldamagesbroughtaboutbycoldweathersinEastChina(25°N--35°N,115°E--120°E).Fisrt,thedataaboutthefreezingofriversandlakesandthoseaboutsnowfallinthisregionwerecompiledandevaluatedonthebasisofanordinalscale.Thentheseriesoffreeze-upeventsandheavysnowwereproducedseparatelyandthecombinationoftheseserieswasmadetogenerateaconsistentseriesthatreflectsthechangesinthedegreeofcoldnessinwinterduringthelast500years.Finally,areconstructionofwintertemperaturewascarriedoutataresolutionof10yearsbasedonacalibrationofaregressionbetweenrecenttemperatureobservationsandthecoldwinterseriesconstructed.

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简介：Resistance-to-time变换器总是为数字温度测量被使用。基于的一个重设集合(RS)扳机，松驰振荡器基于温度测量电路，它被用来为以后的处理把电热调节器传感器的变化变换成一个频率信号，在这篇文章被介绍了。RS扳机，改变metal-oxide-semiconductor(瞬间)晶体管获得与不同逻辑转变阀值电压设计的二inverters镇静，在松驰振荡器有象Schmitt扳机的一样的功能。RS扳机的优点基于Schmitt扳机是供应电压，薄片温度，和过程变化减少依赖。这个温度测量电路在能测量温度到精确性的一个临床的温度计薄片被使用了比0.05fect好吗？？

简介：1ScopeThisstandardspecifiesthetermsanddefinitions,theory,apparatus,specimens,testprocedures,calculationresults,apparatuscheckandtestreports,etc.ofabrasionresistanceatambienttemperatureofrefractoryproducts.Thisstandardisapplicabletodeterminetheabrasionresistanceatambienttemperatureofdenserefractoryproductsusedinerosionandcorrosionconditions.

简介：医药石头manifanshi被使用极化光显微镜学研究，X---光线衍射(XRD)，和感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)方法。未加工的Manifanshi的XRD模式显示它主导地由斜长石组成，正长石，石英，和在1000deg6号元素碳的化学符号的锻烧的Manifanshi的证明在斜长石和正长石的晶体结构的失真在锻烧的温度发生。极化光显微镜学观察建议Manifanshi是自然地捱过的monzo花岗石斑岩。化学分析表明因此，Manifanshi包含很多个有益健康的痕量元素和稀罕有毒的痕量元素它是高质量的Manifanshi。痕量元素的溶解度被从在由ICP方法改变温度情况下面锻烧的Manifanshi测量痕量元素的集中决定，结果建议在1000deg6号元素碳的化学符号的锻烧的产品在水里在离子的集中和痕量元素的溶解率显示出理想的结果，它被贡献在锻烧的温度的长石的晶体结构的失真。

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简介：［1］CHENGShangmu,1990.Heat-Transferring,TheHigherEducationPublishingHouse,21～23,60～69,126～138.(inChinese)［2］CHENGYushenandFENGLuping,1998.Heat-TransferAnalysisandNumericalModelingofUnderwaterConcreteOilTank,OilJournal,9(2):117～126.(inChinese)［3］DaqinFieldScienceandResearchDesignInstitute,1975.DesignManualofOilandGasCollectandTransport,422～426,497～501.(inChinese)［4］HOUFusheng.EngineeringManualofOilRefining,OilIndustryPublishingHouse.［5］LUPeiqiong,1997.ResearchonHeat-TransferringofEasyCurdlingOilStorageinUnderwater,StorageandTransportofOilandGas,16(8):4～9.(inChinese)［6］TAOWensuan,1986.NumericalCalculationofHeatTransferring,Xi′AnJiaotongUniversityPublishingHouse,23～27,83～87.(inChinese)［7］ZHANGFenglu,1982.FiniteDifferenceMethodforHeat-TransferCalculation,MetallurgicalIndustryPublishingHouse,86～100,151～160.(inChinese)

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简介：Lowtemperatureliquidphaseepitaxyofsiliconthinfilmswassuccessfullycarriedoutatatemperatureof(400-500)℃,usingAu/BialloyasaSi-saturatedSnsolutionwasusedtoprotectthesubstratesurface,preventingeffectivelytheoxidationofsilicon.ThegrownSithinfilmswereidentifiedbySEM,AESandC-Vmeasurements.

简介：Acolloidalsilicasolbondedproductrangeisintroducedbyanexampletargetinghightemperatureapplicationsinsteelmaking.Placementandsettingcharacteristicsareshown.Thethermalmechanicalpropertiesandresultingadvantagesarepresentedaswellastheperformanceenhancementincorrosionresistance.PropertiesarecomparedtoacommonULCCproduct.Resultsoftheindustrialtrialphasearediscussed.

简介：Characteristicsofiontemperaturemeasuredwithcharge-exchangerecombinationspectroscopy（CXRS）werestudiedinOhmic,lower-hybrid-wave（LHW）drivenandion-cyclotron-resonance-frequency（ICRF）heatedplasmasinHT-7.TheresultsindicatethatthecentraliontemperatureTi0followstheone-thirdpowerlawintheproductofcentralline-averageddensityneandplasmacurrentIpinOhmicdischargesandisthereforeconsistentwiththeArtsimovichscalinglawTi0=K·（Ip·Bt·ne·R2）1/3.ItisshownthatthereisanappreciableincreaseofiontemperatureduringtheoperationwithbothLHWandICRFandthattheincrementofiontemperatureinthoseshotsismainlyduetotheenergytransferviacollisionsbetweenionsandelectronsratherthatbydirectheatingoftheions.

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简介：总数的长期的趋势出现太阳的放射(SSR)，表面弥漫的放射，和表面空气温度在在SSR之间的中国，然后关联从55个观察车站基于更新的48年的数据在这研究被分析并且日报温度范围(数据终端就绪)被学习。在中国的表面空气温度上的全部的太阳的放射的效果根据上述分析被调查。在SSR和数据终端就绪之间的强壮的关联被作出对有利的裁决时期19612008在中国。最高的关联和最陡峭的回归线斜坡发生在冬季，显示数据终端就绪上的太阳的放射效果在这个季节是最大的。云和水蒸汽在SSR和数据终端就绪上有强烈影响，并且因此在他们的关系上。在SSR和数据终端就绪之间的最大的关联在北中国发生在冬，不管全天(包括的晴朗的天和多云的天)或清楚天的案例。我们的结果也证明放射在表面到达中国在19611989期间显著地减少了(dimming时期)，但是开始在19902008期间增加了(使明亮的时期)，与以前的全球研究一致。全部的SSR的减小部分抵消在19611989期间温暖的温室。随在1990以后的SSR的增加，然而，这抵消的效果消失了；相反，它甚至做了贡献到加速的温暖。尽管如此，因为在19612008的整个学习时期增加最小、吝啬的表面温度，温暖的温室仍然起了一个控制作用。我们估计温室气体可能独自引起了表面温度上升0.310.46

简介：Asaresultofthenonlineareffect,acousticstreaminghasbeenwidelyusedforincreasingthetransportcoefficientordrivingarotor,forexample,inresonantcavitiesandnon-contactultrasonicmotors.IthasbeendemonstratedbyexperimentsthatatemperaturegradienttransversetothewavepropagatingdirectioncansignificantlyincreasethevelocityofthestreamingBowsinresonantcavities.Tocheckwhetherthetransversetemperaturegradientcanalsoincreasetheworkingvelocityofacousticstreaming-drivenmotors,weinvestigatethisissuebynumericallysolvingthehydrodynamicequations.Itisfoundthatthevelocityoftherotoronlyweaklydependsonthetransversetemperaturegradient,e.g.,evenwithatemperaturedifferenceof40℃betweentherotorandthestator,thevelocityincreasesonly~8.8%.

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