简介：AbstractBackground:Hypothermia is associated with many adverse clinical outcomes in pediatric patients, and thus, it is important to find an effective and safe method for preventing peri-operative hypothermia and its associated adverse outcomes in pediatric patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of forced-air warming blankets with different temperatures on changes in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-10 levels in children undergoing surgical treatment for developmental displacement of the hip (DDH).Methods:The study included 123 children undergoing surgery for DDH under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups, using a random number table: the 32, 38, and 43°C groups according to the temperature setting of the forced-air warming blankets. For each patient, body temperature was recorded immediately after anesthesia induction and intubation (T0), at initial incision (T1), at 1 h after incision (T2), at 2 h after incision (T3), at the end of surgery (T4), immediately upon return to the ward after surgery (T5), and then at 12 h (T6), 24 h (T7), 36 h (T8), and 48 h (T9) after the surgery. The serum levels of TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 were measured at T0 and T4 for all groups.Results:The number of patients with fever in the 38°C group was significantly less than those in the 32 and 43°C groups (χ2 = 6.630, P= 0.036). At T0, the body temperatures in the 38 and 43°C groups were significantly higher than that in the 32°C group (F = 17.992, P < 0.001). At T2, the body temperature was significantly higher in the 43°C group than those in the 32 and 38°C groups (F= 12.776, P < 0.001). Moreover, at T4, the serum levels of TGF-β (F = 3286.548, P < 0.001) and IL-10 (F = 4628.983, P < 0.001) were significantly increased in the 38°C group, and the serum levels of TNF-α (F= 911.415, P < 0.001) and IL-1β (F = 322.191, P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the 38°C group, compared with the levels in the 32 and 43°C groups.Conclusion:Force-air warming blankets set at 38°C maintained stable body temperature with less adverse outcome and effectively inhibited the inflammatory response in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for DDH.Clinical trial registration:ChiCTR1800014820; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=25240.

简介：摘要：为了探讨呼吸肌训练对自行车运动员呼吸功能及运动能力的影响，对 10 名现役男子自行车运动员进行了四周的呼吸肌训练，并于每周进行高温高湿环境下最大摄氧量（ VO 2 max ）、每分通气量（ VE ）、呼吸频率（ RR ）和运动潮气量（ Vt ）反应有氧能力、呼吸功能的指标以及主观疲劳程度（ RPE ）和最大功率数据的采集。结果显示呼吸肌训练可以提高自行车运动员在高温高湿环境下的 VO 2 max 和最大运动功率，其中 VO 2 max 在呼吸肌训练 2 周后和 4 周后均较训练前提高了约 16.1% ，最大运动功率在呼吸肌训练 4 周后提升了 30W ，提升幅度为 11.1% ；此外呼吸肌训练可以有效提高平均每分通气量（ VE ）与运动时潮气量（ Vt ）， VE 和 Vt 在呼吸肌训练 4 周后高温高湿环境下较训练前分别升高约 19.5% 和 12.5% ，训练对高温高湿环境运动的肺通气功能有明显促进作用。建议自行车等有氧耐力性运动项目可以尝试练习呼吸肌群，从而帮助提升高温高湿环境下的有氧运动能力。