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简介：ConflictingresultshavebeenpresentedregardingthelinkbetweenArcticsea-icelossandmidlatitudecooling,partic-ularlyoverEurasia.Thisstudyanalyzesuncoupled（atmosphere-only）andcoupled（ocean-atmosphere）simulationsbytheClimateForecastSystem,version2（CFSv2）,toexaminethislinkageduringtheNorthernHemispherewinter,focusingonthesimulationoftheobservedsurfacecoolingtrendoverEurasiaduringthelastthreedecades.TheuncoupledsimulationsareAtmosphericModelIntercomparisonProject（AMIP）runsforcedwithmeanseasonalcyclesofseasurfacetemperature（SST）andseaice,usingcombinationsofSSTandseaicefromdifferenttimeperiodstoassesstherolethateachplaysindividually,andtoassesstheroleofatmosphericinternalvariability.Coupledrunsareusedtofurtherinvestigatetheroleofinternalvariabilitvviatheanalysisofinitializednredictionsandtheevolutionoftheforecastwithleadtime.

简介：在为处理可变环境条件的昆虫的关键改编是diapause的能力。老虎燕子尾巴蝴蝶，Papilioglaucus和P。canadensis是理想的种类探索基因原因和人口diapause的基因后果因为这个特点地的分叉被相信是在维持在这些之间的一个混合地区的一个突出的因素种类。然而，很少对因素被知道影响在这个系统感应的diapause。这里，我们探索了怎么空间(纬度)，环境(温度)并且基因(杂交)因素影响在这个系统感应的diapause。明确地，用从越过东方美国的野蛮抓住的个人的一系列生长房间实验被执行到：(1)评估批评光周期怎么与纬度变化，(2)孤立在哪个正式就职发生的阶段，(3)测试在温度的变化是否影响了diapause正式就职的率，并且(4)探索diapause的发生怎么在混合后代被影响。我们发现那正式就职发生在幼虫的阶段，不对温度的一个相对宽广的范围敏感，看起来有一个复杂基因基础(即，不简单地是跟随一个孟德尔的继承模式的一个主导的特点)并且批评光周期在纬度与每增加的度由0.4h增加。这个工作加深我们空间、环境、基因的变化怎么在生态的模型系统和愿望使探索气候的变化怎么影响人口动力学和这个系统的遗传的未来研究可能的welldeveloped影响关键季节的改编(diapause正式就职)的理解。

简介：Thisstudyexaminestheimpactsofland-usedataonthesimulationofsurfaceairtemperatureinNorthwestChinabytheWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)model.InternationalGeosphere-BiosphereProgram(IGBP)land-usedatawith500-mspatialresolutionaregeneratedfromModerateResolutionImagingSpectroradiometer(MODIS)satelliteproducts.ThesedataareusedtoreplacethedefaultU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS)land-usedataintheWRFmodel.BasedonthedatarecordedbynationalbasicmeteorologicalobservingstationsinNorthwestChina,resultsarecomparedandevaluated.ItisfoundthatreplacingthedefaultUSGSland-usedataintheWRFmodelwiththeIGBPdataimprovestheabilityofthemodeltosimulatesurfaceairtemperatureinNorthwestChinainJulyandDecember2015.Errorsinthesimulateddaytimesurfaceairtemperaturearereduced,whiletheresultsvarybetweenseasons.Thereissomevariationinthedegreeandrangeofimpactsofland-usedataonsurfaceairtemperatureamongseasons.UsingtheIGBPdata,thesimulateddaytimesurfaceairtemperatureinJuly2015improvesatarelativelysmallnumberofstations,buttoarelativelylargedegree;whereasthesimulationofdaytimesurfaceairtemperatureinDecember2015improvesatalmostallstations,butonlytoarelativelysmalldegree(within1℃).MitigationofdaytimesurfaceairtemperatureoverestimationinJuly2015isinfluencedmainlybythechangeingroundheatflux.ThemodificationofunderestimatedtemperaturecomesmainlyfromtheimprovementofsimulatednetradiationinDecember2015.

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简介：Wereportatype-ⅡGaSb-basedinterbandcascadelaseroperatingacontinuouswaveatroomtemperature.Thecascaderegionofinterbandcascadelaserwasdesignedusingthe‘W’configurationoftheactivequantumwellsandthe‘CarrierRebalancing’methodintheelectroninjector.Thedeviceswereprocessedintonarrowridgesandmountedepitaxialsidedownonacopperheatsink.The25-μm-wide,3-mm-longridgewithoutcoatedfacetsgenerated41.4mWofcontinuouswaveoutputpoweratT=15℃.Andalowthresholdcurrentdensityof267A/cm~2isachieved.TheemissionwavelengthoftheICLis3452.3nmat0.5A.

简介：Wehavedesignedandrealizedanathermal4-channelwavelength（de-）multiplexerinsiliconnitride（SIN）.Minimizedthermalsensitivityisachievedinawidewavelengthrangebyusingwideandnarrowwaveguideswithlowanddifferentthermal-opticcoefficientsinthetwoarmsofMach-Zehnderinterferometers（MZIs）.TheSiNcorelayerandSiO2claddinglayersaredepositedbyalow-temperatureplasma-enhancedchemicalvapordep-ositionprocess.ThefabricatedMZIfilterexhibitsathermalsensitivitywithin4-2.0pm/℃inawavelengthrangeof55nmtonear1300nm.Then,anathermal（de-）multiplexerbasedoncascadedMZIshasbeendemonstratedwithacrosstalk〈-22dBandathermalsensitivity〈4.8pm/℃forallfourchannels,reducedby77%comparedtoaconventionalSiN（de-）multiplexer.OwingtothepassiveoperationandcompatibilitywiththeCMOSback-endprocess,ourdeviceshavepotentialapplicationsin3Dintegrationofphotonicsandelectronics.

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