简介：Inthispaper,theresponseoftheatmospheric3-5yearcycletoNorthernPacificSSTisdiscussed,Theresultsareasfollows:1.FromthesimultaneoustemporalcorrelationsbetweentheEquatorialEasternPacificSST,thewesterlydirftarea’sSSTandtheNorthernPacificSSTatallgridpoints,wefindthattherearethreecorrelativeregionsintheNorthernPacificSSTfield,theyarethewesterlydriftarea,theEquatorialEasternPacificandtheAlaskaBay,andtheirstructuresareverysimilartothePNApatternintheatmosphereThedifferencePTIbetweentheEquatorialEasternPacificSSTanomalyandthewesterlydriftarea’sSSTanomalycanindicatethechangeofthePNApatternoftheNorthernPacificSSTanomaly.ItcanrepresentSSTchangeof65%areasovertheNorthernPacificandcankeepwatchonElNinoandun-ElNino.2.SimultaneoustemporalcorrelativefieldbetweenPTIandfiltered500hPa(thereis3-5yearcycleonly)oftheNorthernHemispherepresentsclearPNAstructure.Theresp

简介：Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｌｉｇｈｔ，ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓｏｎｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆＢｉｄｄｕｌｐｈｉａｒｅｇｉａＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＬｉｇｈｔ，ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓａｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅ...

简介：［1］CHENGShangmu,1990.Heat-Transferring,TheHigherEducationPublishingHouse,21～23,60～69,126～138.(inChinese)［2］CHENGYushenandFENGLuping,1998.Heat-TransferAnalysisandNumericalModelingofUnderwaterConcreteOilTank,OilJournal,9(2):117～126.(inChinese)［3］DaqinFieldScienceandResearchDesignInstitute,1975.DesignManualofOilandGasCollectandTransport,422～426,497～501.(inChinese)［4］HOUFusheng.EngineeringManualofOilRefining,OilIndustryPublishingHouse.［5］LUPeiqiong,1997.ResearchonHeat-TransferringofEasyCurdlingOilStorageinUnderwater,StorageandTransportofOilandGas,16(8):4～9.(inChinese)［6］TAOWensuan,1986.NumericalCalculationofHeatTransferring,Xi′AnJiaotongUniversityPublishingHouse,23～27,83～87.(inChinese)［7］ZHANGFenglu,1982.FiniteDifferenceMethodforHeat-TransferCalculation,MetallurgicalIndustryPublishingHouse,86～100,151～160.(inChinese)

简介：影响司烧混合的层温度变化上的飘移被考虑Stokes飘移在混合的层温度并且用的方程导致的一个移流的热运输学期估计海洋并且从一个全球海洋发行量模型(HYCOM)和一个波浪的波浪参数当模特儿(波浪手表III)。维的分析和量的评价方法被进行估计Stokes飘移导致的效果的重要性并且分析它的空间分发和季节的变化特征。到在mid-to-high纬度的混合的层温度变化的Stokes飘移的贡献与吝啬的水流的是可比较的结果表演，和混合的层温度变化的实质的部分被考虑Stokes飘移效果导致。尽管Stokes飘移导致的移流热运输不是为混合的层温度方程的领先的术语，它不能被忽视并且甚至为upperocean温度的模拟在一些区域变得批评。

简介：Inthisstudy,weexaminedtheeffectofelevatedtemperatureontheexpressionpatternsofgenes,i.e.,nacrein,irr,n16,n19,andhsp70inthepearloysterPinctadafucata.Theexperimentwascarriedoutat4temperatures,i.e.,20℃(ambient,control),24,28℃,and32℃.TheexpressionlevelsoftargetgenesinP.fucatawereassayedat0,6,24,48,and96hviareal-timepolymerasechainreaction.Resultsshowedthattheexpressionlevelsofnacreinandirrhadnosignificantvariationsamongdifferenttimepointsbelow28℃,butsignificantlyincreasedovertimeat32℃.Theexpressionlevelsofn16andn19didnotchangemarkedlyat20℃.Theformerincreasedsignificantlyat6hand24hwhilethelattersubstantiallydecreasedduring6–96hat24,28and32℃.Amongdifferenttemperatures,thelevelofn16wassignificantlylowerat20℃thanatothertemperaturesduring6–96h,andthelevelofn19significantlyvariedamongdifferenttemperaturesat48hand96h.Theexpressionlevelofhsp70wassignificantlyhigherat32℃thanat20,24and28℃at24h.TheseresultsdemonstratedthatelevatedtemperatureimpactedthephysiologicalprocessesofP.fucataandpotentiallyinfluenceditsadaptabilitytothermalstress.

简介：Permittivityofaseafoamlayerisveryimportantininvestigatingoceanbrightnesstemperaturemodel.Atmicrowavefrequency,theRayleighmethodisdevelopedtoestimatetheeffectivepermittivityoftheseafoamlayer.TosimplifythetediouscalculationofseafoameffectivepermittivityatLband(1.4GHz),Pade’approximationisadoptedtofittheseafoameffectivepermittivitycomputedbytheRayleighmethod.Withthisfittingformula,anewbrightnesstemperaturemodelofseafoamlayerdefinedbycertaingeophysicalparameters,suchasairvolumefraction(AVF),seasurfacetemperature(SST),seasurfacesalinity(SSS)andthicknessoffoamlayerd,isgiven.Furthermore,thesensitivitiesofthebrightnesstemperaturemodeltoSST,SSS,dandAVFofaseafoamlayeratLbandarediscussed.Thesensitivitiesarerankedfrommosttoleastintheorder:(1)d;(2)AVF;(3)SSS;(4)SST.ThisresultindicatesthatthemeasurementerrorsofdandAVFhavesignificantimpactsontheretrievalsofSSSandSST.Withtheexperimentalbrightnesstemperaturedata,theSSSandAFVareretrievedbycostfunction.

简介：一个模型(贝叶斯的海洋的前面察觉，BOFD)海表面温度(SST)在卫星的前面察觉--导出的SST图象基于阀值间隔被介绍，在象气候、环境的研究或渔业那样的不同应用程序被过去常。模型首先由使用一个Sobel算法模板计算SST坡度。根据坡度价值，阀值间隔被一个坡度决定累积直方图。根据这阀值间隔，前面候选人能被获得，优先的概率和可能性的能是计算的。候选人是否是前面点，能被使用贝叶斯的决定理论决定。模型在自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流前面区域的部分的先进很高分辨率的辐射计图象上被评估。结果与使用方法在文学建议了的几SST前面察觉获得的那些相比。这比较证明BOFD不仅压制噪音和小规模的前面，而且保留连续前面。

简介：ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆｆｉｎｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｉｎｔｈｅｅｑｕａｔｏｒｉａｌｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＰａｃｉｆｉｃＯｃｅａｎｗｉｔｈｗａｖｅｌｅｔｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍＪｉａｎｇＭｉｎｇｓｈｕｎ１ａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＡｉｊｕｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＪｕ...

简介：Airtemperatureisakeyindexreflectingclimatechange.Airtemperatureextremesareveryimportantbecausetheystronglyinfluencethenaturalenvironmentandsocietalactivities.TheArcticairtemperatureextremesnorthof60°Nareinvestigatedinthewinter.Dailydatafrom238stationsatnorthof60°Nfromtheglobalsummaryofthedayfortheperiod1979–2015areusedtostudythetrendsofcolddays,coldnights,warmdaysandwarmnightsduringthewintertime.Theresultsshowadecreasingtrendofcolddaysandnights(rateof–0.2to–0.3d/a)andanincreasingtrendofwarmdaysandnights(rateof+0.2to+0.3d/a)intheArctic.Themeantemperatureincreases,whichcontributestotheincreasing(decreasing)occurrenceofwarm(cold)daysandnights.Ontheotherhand,thevarianceatmoststationsdecreased,leadingtoareducednumberofcoldevents.ApositiveAO(ArcticOscillation)indexleadstoanincreased(decreased)numberofwarm(cold)daysandnightsovernorthernEuropeandwesternRussiaandanincreased(decreased)numberofcold(warm)daysandnightsovertheBeringStraitandGreenland.ThelowerextentofArcticautumnseaiceleadstoadecreasednumberofcolddaysandnights.TheoccurrencesofabruptchangesaredetectedusingtheMann-KendallmethodforcoldnightsoccurringinCanadain1998andforwarmnightsoccurringinnorthwesternEurasiain1988.ThisabruptchangemainlyresultedfromthemeanwarminginducedbysouthwindsandanincreasedNorthAtlanticseasurfacetemperature.

简介：TheGCanalysisoffattyacidoffourspeciesofmarinemicroalgaeculturedatdifferenttemperatureshowsthatthetemperaturehasdistincteffectsonthecompositionandunsaturateddegreeoffattyacidofmicroalgae.ThepercentagesofTPUFAinTFAandthenumberofmeandouble-bondoffattyacidsotIsochrysisgalbana,DunaliellasalinaandPhaeodactylumtricornutumdecreasewiththeascendingtemperature,whilethoseofTMUFAandTSFAincreaseundertheconditionsofthepresentexperiment.ThecontentofTPUFAandthenumberofmeandouble-bondsofChlorellasp.firstdecreaseandthenincrease,withtheminimumoccurringat20℃.

简介：Thedistributionalfeaturesofseasurfacetemperatureandsalinity(SSTandSSS)intheTaiwanStraitshavebeenanalyzedusingtheSSTandSSSunderwaymeasurementsinAugust,1999.ThecharacteristicsofSSTandSSSaresummarizedasfollows:ThereareseveralupwellingsanddilutedwaterintheTaiwanStraits.Theupwellingsaredividedintotwokinds:thosealongthewesterncoastoftheTaiwanStraitsandthosearoundtheTaiwanShoal.Therearethreesourcesofdilutedwater:dilutedwateroftheJiulongjiangRiver,dilutedwateroftheZhujiangRiveranddilutedwateroftheMinjiangRiver.

简介：盖住春天小潮的地调查潮汐的时期被进行在南部的Hangzhou海湾在一条弄弯的隧道以内调查潮汐的动力学的特征，中国。隧道与2.5m的一个平均潮汐的范围有超过100m的最大的深度，用作在Hangzhou海湾的南部的部分的主要潮汐的经过。水咸度，温度和速度数据从基于轮船的横断和系在的大小被收集。在洪水潮期间，潮汐的水流与大约2m/s的最大的速度通过隧道的北方面侵入进Hangzhou海湾，当时通过南部的方面撤退在期间退有1.8m/s的最大的速度的潮。由于压力，密度坡度，Coriolis力量和离心的效果，当潮汐的水流从洪水放松退，侧面的交换流动被产生。在隧道的水微弱地在夏天时间在春天和小潮潮期间被成层的咸度和温度数据表演。然而，在中间的区域混合将被侧面的发行量提高。系在的数据显示温度和咸度在类似于潮汐的电流却比海水平摆动高的频率正在变化。我们的结果支持高频率咸度和温度变化能被潮汐的水流和侧面的交换流动的联合产生的假设。

简介：Thesignificantunderestimationofseasurfacetemperature(SST)andthetemperatureintheupperoceanisoneofcommonproblemsinpresentclimatemodels.Theinfluenceofthewave-inducedmixingonSSTandthetemperatureintheupperoceanwasexaminedbasedonaglobalclimatemodel.Theresultsfromthemodelcoupledwithwave-inducedmixingshowedasignificantimprovementinthesimulationofSSTandthetemperatureintheupperoceancomparedwiththoseoftheoriginalmodelwithoutwaveeffects.Althoughtherehasstillacoldbias,thenewsimulationismuchclosertotheclimatology,especiallyinthenorthernoceanandtropicalocean.Thisstudyindicatesthatsomeimportantphysicalprocessesintheaccuratesimulationoftheoceanmaybeignoredinpresentclimatemodels,andthewave-inducedmixingisoneofthosefactors.Thus,thewave-inducedmixing(ortheeffectofsurfacewaves)shouldbeincorporatedproperlyintoclimatemodelsinordertosimulateorforecasttheocean,thenclimatesystem,moreaccurately.

简介：Superoxidedismutase(草皮)是包括海洋的无脊椎动物在各种各样的有机体对反应的氧种类在抗氧化剂小径玩第一根防卫线的关键抗氧化剂酶。在那里主要存在二种特定的形式，Cu/Zn-SOD(SOD1)和Mn草皮(SOD2)，在优核质。草皮被知道被许多环境stressors并发地调制。由使用中央合成试验性的设计和反应表面方法，关节水完成温度(18-34栠杩?潨潭潬祧眠瑩?湫睯?湩敶瑲'O慲整洠汵楴爭灥慥?琭票潭楳獮

简介：Anewinstrumentforupperoceansurvey,namelytheUCTD(UnderwayConductivity-Temperature-Depth),whichcombinessomeoftheadvantagesofotherunderwayinstruments,isintroducedinthispaper.TheIntroductionsectionpresentsadescriptionoftheconstructionandfunctionoftheUCTD,andtheexperimentsconductedintheSouthChinaSeaonboardtheR/VDongFangHong2inJuly2007andAugust2008.TheUCTDsystem,withpressureandtemperaturesensorsintheprobe,iscon-venientlyportable,cost-effectiveandenvironment-friendly.Itishopefullysuitableforfuturecruises.AnintercomparisonbasedonregressingwiththeexperimenttemperaturedatafrombothSeaBirdplus911CTDandtheUCTDshowedthatthestandarddeviationis0.88℃andthecorrelationcoefficientis0.96,achievingthegoalssetforthecurrentoceanographyuses.Inthehydrodynamicexperiments,thedescendingvelocitiesanddepthswerecalculatedfordifferentshipspeeds.Apullingtestwasdesignedwithatensiometertomeasurethemagnitudeofthepull.Themaximaltensionofthelinewasfoundtobe66.2kg,whichisfarlowerthanthebearinglimitoftheHollowSpectraline.Finally,someimprovementsuggestionsareputforwardforfutureexperimentsandproduction.

简介：Lethaltemperaturetolerancewasdeterminedforabout8cm,age0Pseudosciaenacroceausingbothslowheatingandrapidtransferprotocol.Theacclimatizationtemperaturewas28℃withsummerseason,lethaltemperature(LT50value)ofslowheatingprotocol(CTMax)was35.0℃,andtheupperandlowerincipientlethaltemperaturesofrapidtransferprotocolwere34.2℃and17.5℃respectively.

简介：ForaminiferalshellsfromtwopistoncoresseparatelylocatedattheNinetyeastRidgeandtheBengalFanoftheIndianOceanwereselectedandpurifiedformeasurementsofnaturalthermoluminescence(NTL)intensitybyahighprecisionthermoluminescencemeter(RGD—3).VariationsoftheNTLintensityalongthetwocoresequencesbothspanningthelasttwoglacial—interglacialcyclesdisplayedastrong,identicalsignaloftheglobalicevolumecycles,whichmatchedwellwiththeircorrespondingoxygenisotopedata.AshigherNTLintensityoccurredwithininterglacialperiodsandchangesinanNTLsignalweremostlikelyinfluencedbythetemperatureofambientseawaterinwhichtheplanktonicforaminiferalshellslongexisted,theNTLsignalcouldbeconsideredasapotentialproxyfororbitalscaletemperaturechangesofbottomseawaterinthetropicalIndianOcean.

简介：在西南的华南海的海面温度(SST)从核心MD01-2392用U_(37)~kpaleothermometer为过去的160ka被重建了。冰川的时间(小姐6和2)和间冰期的时间之间的Thetemperature差别(错过5。5and1)是2。2～2.5℃。更年轻的Dryas事件在有孔虫目的δ~(18)O和SST记录的两theplank补品在最后冰川的消失期间被记录。在MIS5.5以后，SST显示了从28的进步冷却。6。5℃，在LGM达到顶点。在这个渐渐的冷却时期期间，温暖象小姐5.3那样的事件，5。1和3清楚地也被记录。由在学习核心和核心之间的SST的比较17954，低或不南方的SST坡度的一个模式在冰纪期间在间冰期的时期和高南方的SST坡度期间被展出。这个模式显示强壮得多的东方亚洲冬季季风在比在间冰期的时期冰川。光谱分析给二突出的周期：与更多读了的前者，在南部的SCS建议那SST通过东方亚洲冬季季风的连接与高纬度的过程在音乐会改变了的41和23ka。

简介：Onthebisisofdeterminingthethereelementsofthemocline(depth[upperbounddepth],thicknessandintensity)andthemaximumverticaltemperaturegradientofthesurveyingstation,thepapercalculatesthemeantemperatureoftheNanshadeep-watersurveyingstationwithintheupper-bounddepthlayerofthermoclineandthemeantemperaturebelowthelowerbounddepthofthermoclinebetweenthe300mand800mlayers,respectively.AnalysisindicatesthatthehorizontaldistributionofmeanseawatertemperatureshowsadistincttrendofthelowtemperatureseawaterslowlymovingfromtbenortheasttothesoutheastofNansha,whichseemstohavebeendrivenbytheNortheastMonsoon.Thelargertheverticaltemperatureradientis,thegreaterisitscapabilityofpreventingtheheatoftheupperseawaterfromdiffusingintothedeeperlayersontheverticaldirection.

简介：ThedistributionalfeaturesoftemperatureandsalinityinthenorthernTaiwanStraitshavebeenanalyzedbasedontheCTDdataduringFebruary-March,1998.Thecharacteristicsoftemperatureandsalinityaresummarizedasfollows:(1)thereexistsacoastalwateralongthewesterncoastoftheTaiwanStraits,withlowtemperatureandlowsalinityattheupperlayer;(2)ahightemperatureandhighsalinitywatertongueextendsnortheastwardalongtheeasterncoastoftheTaiwanStrait.