简介:从东南的中国的每年平均的每日的最大值和最小的地面温度为未公开的变化点用三不同测试为人工的断绝被评估。在时间序列的Changepoints被把每个目标系列比作从在很多个附近的车站观察的价值计算的一本参考书识别。在没有趋势在目标参考温度差别的顺序是在场的假设下面,当三测试中的至少二个拒绝了没有变化点的空假设在时,一个变化点被分到目标系列近似,一样在差别系列放。每个目标系列然后用从能不那样偏导目标系列步变化的大小的估计的附近的车站在平均温度值说明断绝的一个过程被调整。在调整年度温度系列的线性温度趋势的空间比较建议主要相对断绝在homogenization过程被移开。很多相对变化点比在平均最高温度系列在年度平均最小被检测。一些证据被介绍它建议最小的地面温度地可能比最高温度地对在测量实践的变化更敏感。另外,给城市的热岛的以前的证据(即,本地)在这个区域的趋势,在一个目标参考差别系列的没有斜坡的假设是可能的在最小更经常被违背比在里面最高温度系列。因而,可以有更大的潜力在最低温度系列使趋势和步变化惊讶。
简介:Stress-dependenceoftheintrinsictimeofviscoelasticmaterialsisinvestigated.Theinfluenceofstresslevelontheintrinsictimeisconsideredtobesimilartothatoflemperature,pressure,solventcon-centration,damageandphysicalaging.Thetime-lemperature-stressequivalenceprincipleisproposed,byemployingwhich,thecreepcurvesatdifferenttemperaturesandstresslevelscanbeshiftedintoamastercurveatreferencetemperatureandstresslevel.Thusthelong-termcreepbehaviorofviscoelasticmaterialsatalowertemperatureandstresscanbepredictedfromtheshort-termoneatahighertemperatureandstress.Asanexample,thenonlinearcreepbehaviorofhigh-densitypolyethylene(HDPE)atroomtemperatureisstudiedusingthetime-temperature-stressequivalenceprinciplepresented.
简介:Theswunggelfiberswereheatedto400℃at0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3and4℃·min-1ofheatingrate,respectively,andsoakedfor1h;thenheatedto600℃at3℃·min-1ofheatingrateandsoakedfor1h;atlastcalcinedat1000,1100,1200,1300,and1400℃for1h,respectively.Theaveragesinglefibertensilestrengthsoffibersaftercalciningat600℃orhighertemperaturesweredeterminedandtheirsurfacemorphologywasobserved.Theresultsshowthat:(1)whentheheatingratebelow400℃is0.5-1℃·min-1,theaveragesinglefibertensilestrengthsof95polycrystallinealuminafibersaftercalciningat600℃and1000-1100℃exceed1000and800MPa,respectively,surfaceofthefibersaftercalciningat1000-1100℃issmooth,α-Al2O3appearsat1200℃,andalargeamountofα-Al2O3formsabove1300℃;(2)whentheheatingrateexceeds3℃·min-1,thefiberspulverizeobviously.
简介:许多研究在过去的100年在世界并且在不同季节期间的不同区域在表面气候为重要变化显示出证据。在中国从720个气候车站把温度和降水数据基于每天,聚合分析被用来在在1971-2000气候正常时期期间在温度和降水的季节的周期经历了类似的变化的中国识别区域。在日平均值温度和全部的降水在之间的11天的一般水准的差别第一(1971-1985)并且记录的秒(1986-2000)一半用Mann-WhitneyU测试和聚类算法的全球κ-工具被分析。结果证明中国的大多数部分在在二个时期之间的温度经历了重要增加,特别在冬季,尽管这温暖的一些可能对大城市里的城市的热岛效果可归因。大多数西方的中国在1986-2000经历了更多的降水,当降水在黄河山谷减少了时。在夏季风的变化也是明显的,与在在发作和腐烂阶段期间的降水的减少,并且在最湿的时期期间增加。
简介:ZnOquantumdots(QDs)withthesizesof3.0-5.6nmaresynthesizedbysolution-phasemethodatdifferenttemperatures.WefindthattemperaturehasgreatinfluenceonthesizeofZnOQDs.Thegrowthprocessisthemostsensitivetotemperature,andtheprocessiswellexplainedbyLifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner(LSW)model.Byphotoluminescence(PL)spectraofthequantumdotsatdifferenttemperaturesandreactivetime,wecometoaconclusionthatultravioletemissionismainlyduetosurfacedefects,andtheor...
简介:TherearetwotpyesofphasetransformationsinFe-MnandFe-Mn-Sialloyswhenthetemperatureisdecreased,γ(fcc)→ε(hcp)martensitictransformation(MT)andparamagnetic-antiferromagnetictransition(AMT)ofγphase.Fromthethermodynamicpointofview,theformerusuallyappearsinaslightlyhighertemperaturerangethanthelatterbecauseifisgenerallyacceptedthatthemagnetictansitionhasasuppressingeffectonthethermallyinducedεmartensite(Satoetal.,1984.,BogachevandZvigintzeva,1976;Murakamietal.,1987:Yangetal.,1992)GartsteinandRobinkin(1979)eventhoughtthattheγ-εtransformationshouldbeterminatedbelowNeeltemperature(TN)duetothedecreaseoffreeenergyarisingfromtheAMTofγphase.However,someexperimentalresultshaeindicatedtheformationofεphasebelowT(LiandWayman,1994:Fujimori.1966).Inthepresentwert.thebehavorofγ-εtransformationbelowTNwasfurtherinvestigatedbyclectricalresistancemeasurements.
简介:Dependenceofthecurrent-voltagecharacteristicsofanon-transferredDCcascadedplasmatorchusedfornanoparticlesynthesis,ontheplasmacurrentandtheplasmaargongasflowratearereportedinthispaper.Thepotentialstructureinsidethetorchanditsdependenceontheplasmacurrentandgasflowratearealsoinvestigated.Thearcvoltageisseentoexhibitnegativecharacteristicforacurrentbelow150Aandpositivecharacteristicabovethatcurrentvalue.Thevoltagedropneartheelectrodesisfoundtodecreasewiththeincreaseinplasmacurrent.25%ofthetotalvoltageisdroppednearthecathodeataplasmacurrentof50Aandaargonplasmagasflowrateof10literperminute(LPM),anditdecreasesto12%withthecurrentincreasingto300A,andto17%withagasflowrateof25LPM.Thevariationinthetorchefficiencywiththegasflowrateandplasmacurrentisalsoreported.Theefficiencyofthetorchisfoundtobebetween36%and48%.Inaddition,theplasmagastemperatureatvariouspositionsofthereactorandfordifferentcurrentsandvoltagesaremeasuredbycalorimetricestimationwithaheatbalancetechnique.
简介:为ectotherms的发展的内在的最佳温度不仅为他们的生理的过程而且为生态、进化的过程是最重要的因素之一。SharpeSchoolfieldIkemoto(SSI)模型成功了定义能热力学地满足在特别温度,到达它的最大的活动的活跃的酶的概率被认识到的条件的温度。以前,一个算法被Ikemoto开发(热带疟疾不意味着热环境。医药昆虫学的杂志,45,963969)到估计模型,参数,而是那编程序计算地很耗时。现在,因为一个完整的自动计算机程序被史等设计,调查者能更容易使用SSI模型。(为估计SSI模型的参数的一个修改程序。环境昆虫学,40,462469)。然而,为每ectotherm的内在的最佳温度的点估计的统计意义还没是坚定的。这里,我们为由修改计算估计的内在的最佳温度的信心间隔提供了一个新方法近似自举信心间隔方法。为这个目的,在SSI模型为参数的一个更快的评价开发一个新节目是必要的,我们也做了它。
简介:InordertosolveabottleneckprobleminpowernetworksafetyoperationtheElectrotechnicalResearchInstituteundertheChineseAcademyofSciencehasfinishedadevelopmentworkofprototypehigh-temperaturesuperconductingcurrentlimiterwithindependentintellectualpropertyrightsonthebasisofatheoryadvancedonitsown.Suchalimiterhasovercomedisadvantagesinexistingonesworldwide.
简介:比较方法和录象带录音机被使用以防为记录二个组操作符的操作表演的学习。时间跨度是7个月,从9月到三月。在9月的操作的表演作为参考书被拿。测试调查和数据分析的结果证明掉落树的手术效率被冷天气影响,适当地减少了18.5%在里面平均。
简介:在为处理可变环境条件的昆虫的关键改编是diapause的能力。老虎燕子尾巴蝴蝶,Papilioglaucus和P。canadensis是理想的种类探索基因原因和人口diapause的基因后果因为这个特点地的分叉被相信是在维持在这些之间的一个混合地区的一个突出的因素种类。然而,很少对因素被知道影响在这个系统感应的diapause。这里,我们探索了怎么空间(纬度),环境(温度)并且基因(杂交)因素影响在这个系统感应的diapause。明确地,用从越过东方美国的野蛮抓住的个人的一系列生长房间实验被执行到:(1)评估批评光周期怎么与纬度变化,(2)孤立在哪个正式就职发生的阶段,(3)测试在温度的变化是否影响了diapause正式就职的率,并且(4)探索diapause的发生怎么在混合后代被影响。我们发现那正式就职发生在幼虫的阶段,不对温度的一个相对宽广的范围敏感,看起来有一个复杂基因基础(即,不简单地是跟随一个孟德尔的继承模式的一个主导的特点)并且批评光周期在纬度与每增加的度由0.4h增加。这个工作加深我们空间、环境、基因的变化怎么在生态的模型系统和愿望使探索气候的变化怎么影响人口动力学和这个系统的遗传的未来研究可能的welldeveloped影响关键季节的改编(diapause正式就职)的理解。
简介:Thedecompositiontemperaturesofthelanthanideorganiccomplexes(η^5-C5H5)2Ln(C6H5CONHO)involvingcyclopentadienylandbenzohydroxamicacidligandswerecalculatedandpredictedbythemodelbasedonANNs(artificialneuralnetowrks)method.ThecomparisonwascarriedoutbetweenresultsfromANNsmethodandtraditinalregressionmethod.ItisprovedthatANNscouldbeusedmoreefficientlyforthepredictionofdecompositiontemperatureoflanthanideorganiccomplexes.
简介:Nanostructuredironoxyhydroxide(FeOOH)thinfilmshavebeensynthesizedusinganelectrodepositionmethodonanickelfoam(NF)substrateandeffectofairannealingtemperatureonthecatalyticperformanceisstudied.Theas-depositedandannealedthinfilmswerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS),fieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscopy(FE-SEM)andlinearsweepvoltammetry(LSV)todeterminetheirstructural,morphological,compositionalandelectrochemicalproperties,respectively.Theas-depositednanostructuredamorphousFeOOHthinfilmisconvertedintoapolycrystallineFe2O3withhematitecrystalstructureatahightemperature.TheFeOOHthinfilmactsasanefficientelectrocatalystfortheoxygenevolutionreaction(OER)inanalkaline1MKOHelectrolyte.Thefilmannealedat200°Cshowshighcatalyticactivitywithanonsetoverpotentialof240mVwithasmallerTafelslopeof48mV/dec.Additionally,itneedsanoverpotentialof290mVtothedrivethecurrentdensityof10mA/cm2andshowsgoodstabilityinthe1MKOHelectrolytesolution.
简介:Inarecentstudy,aregimechartwasestablishedforshearedgranularsystems.Forasoftparticlesystemundersimpleshear,theinternalstressshowedarangeofratedependency.Astheparticleconcentrationincreased,thesystemtransitionedfromakineticgastoaplasticsolid.Thistransitionwasgradualforlowstiffnesssystemsbutbecamemoreabruptasthestiffnessincreased.Inthisstudy,therelationshipbetweenthegranulartemperatureandpressureisinvestigatedforthesamesystemofparticles.Thegranulartemperatureisdefinedastheaveragekineticenergyperunitvolumeandthepressureisdefinedasthetraceofthestresstensor.Itisfoundthatthispressure-temperature(P-T)curvedepictsasharpturnwhenthesystemmovesawayfromthekineticgasregime.However,nosignatureisfoundintheP-Trelationshipinotherregimes.
简介:Topretreatspermatvarioustemperaturesbeforeexposuretohumanpapillomavirus(HPV)16DNAfragmentsandtoassesstheefficiencyofHPVcarrierspermtotransfectcumuluscells.Methods:Cumuluscellsfromfollicularaspirateswereobtained,pooledanddividedintoculturedishescontainingSybyGold-stainedHPVDNAcarryingspernthatwereeitherpretreatedat4℃,37℃or40℃(n=5).Thecellswereincubatedin5%Co2inairmixtureat37℃for24hours.TheeffeiciencyofspermtotakeupfluorescentHPVDNAwasdeterminedathour0.Afterincubation.cumuluscellviabilitywasassessedusingtheeosinmethodandthepercentagesoffluorescentcumuluscellsdetermined.Results:Ouverhalfofallthecumuluscellsbecamefluorescentwiththehighestpercentageinthe37℃group.Spermpretreatedat4℃hadthegreatestamountofHPVDNAfragments.Totalspernmotilitywassimilarforthe3pretreatmentgroups.Therewerenodifferencesincumulusviabilityamongthegroups.Conclusion:Spermpretreatedat37℃transferredthegreatestamountoffluorescentHPVDNAfragmentstothecumuluscells.TheHPVDNAwasobservedinthenuclearandcytoplasmiccompartments.ThedatasuggestedthepossibilityofspermasavectorforthetransmissionofHPVDNAtothecumuluscellssurroundingovulatedoocytes,whichmightleadtoearlyimplantationfailures.