简介：Hybridorganic-inorganicperovskites(e.g.CH3NH3PbI3)haveattractedtremendousattentionduetotheirpromiseforachievingnext-generationcosteffectiveandhighperformanceoptoelectronicdevices.Thesehybridorganic-inorganicperovskitespossessexcellentopticalandelectronicproperties,includingstronglightabsorption,highcarrierabilities,optimizedchargediffusionlengths,andreducedchargerecombinationetc.,leadingtotheirwidespreadapplicationsinadvancedsolarenergytechnologies(e.g.highefficiencyperovskitesolarcells).However,thereisstillalackofinvestigationsregardingfundamentalpropertiessuchasferroelectricityintheseperovskites.Asconventionalferroelectricceramicsarepreparedathightemperatureandhavenomechanicallyflexibility,low-temperatureproceedandflexibleperovskiteferroelectricshavebecomepromisingcandidatesandshouldbeexploitedforfutureflexibleferroelectricapplications.Here,ferroelectricpropertiesinhybridorganic-inorganicperovskitesandseveralstate-of-theartperovskiteferroelectricsarereviewed.Novelferroelectricapplicationsofhybridorganic-inorganicperovskitesarediscussedaswell,providingguidelineforrealizingfuturehighperformanceandflexibleferroelectricdevices.

简介：Citricandmalicacidsatconcentrationsof0.1,1.0,10,and100mmol/LwereaddedtothreeUltisolsandoneOxisol,TheamountofPinsolutionincreasedwithincreasingorganicacidconcentrations,whiletheamountofFe-andAl-boundPdecreased.ThisresultsuggestedthatnaturallyoccurringproductsoforganicmatterdecompositioncouldincreasethePavailabilitytoplantsinsoilswherethereisarelativelylargepoolofFe-andAl-boundP.Theinteractionsbetweencitricandmalicacidsattheaboveconcentrations,andpaddedatratesof10,20,40,and80mg/kgweredetermined.Atzerolevelsoforganicacids,alladdedPbecameeitherlabileorbound,andgreaterproportionsremainedsolubleastheconcentrationoforgaicacidsincreased,whichsuggestedthatorganicacidsreducedfixationofdissolvedPinFe-andAL-richsoils.AgriculturalpracticeswhichincreaseorganicmatterinputonP-deficientacidsoildcoulddecreasePdeficiency,Thiswouldbeimportantinmanytropicalandsubtropicalregionswherethesesoilsarecommon,andwherethecostsoffertilizersandlimearerelativelyhigh.

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简介：Theepoxynanocompositeswithsimilaramines(CH_3(CH_2)_(17)NH_2andCH_3(CH_2)_(17)N(CH_3)_3CI)treatedmontmorilloniteclayshavebeeninvestigatedbywide-angleX-rayscattering,transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),differentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC)andthermalgravimetricanalysis(TGA).Differentnanocompositestructures,intercalationandexfoliationwereformedbythereactionofoctadecyltrimethylammoniumchloride-exchangedandoctadecylamine-exchangedclayswithepoxyresinandphenalkamineasthecuringagent,respectively.Resultsshowedthattheexfoliatednanocompositecanbeobtainedwhenoctadecylaminewiththelowerpolaritywasusedasamodifier.However,theintercalatednanocompositecanbeobtainedwhenoctadecyltrimethylammoniumchloridewithhigherpolaritywasusedasamodifier.

简介：荧光刺激和可溶的有机物(WSOC)样品从20提取了的46水的平均分子的重量在东方中国玷污类型被决定。它被发现所有样品分享类似的光谱学。一种好线性关系不过在350～450nm的范围在全部的器官的碳和刺激之间存在器官的碳的内容和样品的pH在一个宽范围变化。在相对刺激紧张和WSOC和FA的平均分子的重量之间的重要关联都没被发现，但是部分关联为WSOC样品作为控制因素与pH变得重要。相对刺激紧张显示出在学习区域从南方增加到北方的一个一般趋势。pH价值可能在调整起一个重要作用荧光灯WSOC的空间变化。

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简介：在每个分解阶段的森林土壤性质上的崽秋天和它的效果在热带季风被调查三种植园(7年的相思树种植园，15年的相思树种植园和18年的混合种植园)和从孟加拉国的Chittagong多山的区域的一个自然森林(Sitapahar森林)的气候的条件。结果证明有机物的全部的累积与种植园年龄增加了，与年度累积率的减少伴随。在一样的植被类型以内，有山上的显著地改变的腐植质(p≤0.05)的新鲜、部分分解的垃圾的器官的累积放，在底部斜坡上是最高的并且在森林里向山顶逐渐地减少。在土壤有机物的累积的反向的趋势在15年的相思树auriculiformis种植园，燃料木头在哪儿收集了被显示出。在7年、15年的相思树和18年的混合宽广离开的种植园，全部的有机物生产由组成评价新鲜，在土壤的部分并且完全分解的垃圾以及合并有机物是2554.31，705.79和1028.01kg·h−1·a−1,分别地，并且从新鲜垃圾的相应贡献是38.23，19.40和30.48kg·h−1·a−1,分别地。在三种植园和自然森林，在一般水准上，新鲜垃圾组成了32.45%，部分与腐植质13.50%分解了垃圾并且合并了在有0.90厘米的吝啬的崽厚度的土壤54.56%全部的有机物生产的有机物。土壤酸味随有机物的分解舞台的增加增加了。

简介：AuseofSulfonateesterasalinkerinsynthesisofω-aminoalkanolswasreported.Diolsweretetheredontopolystyrylsulfonylchlorideresin,yieldingsulfonateresins(2).Aftercleavedbydiethylamine,diisopropylamineandpropylaminerespectively,threeω-aminoalkanolswereobtained.

简介：Thetetravalentmetalsaltsofmonoalkylphosphates[M(R-OPO3)2]areanewkindofstationaryphasesofchromatography-homogeneousbondedphases.Thestudiesonpreparation,structureandgaschromatographicefficiencyofceriumbis(octylphosphate)(COPP)arereportedinthispaper.Byusingchemicalanalysis,infraredspectra,x-raydiffractionanalysis,thestrongevidencethatCOPPhasalayeredstructureoftheα-zirconiumphosphatetypewasdemonstrated,therepetitiveunitisC8H17OPO3CeO3POC8H17andthereisalittlebendingorinterpenetrationofthealkylchainswithinthelayers.ThethermogravimeticanalysisoftheCOPPindicatedthatithasmuchmorethermalstabilitythansilica-basedpackings.ThethermodynamicparametersΔHandmolecularconnectivityindexesx′fortheadsorptionofseveraldozencompoundsontheCOPPhavealsobeendeterminedbygaschromatographicmethod,andthefinelinearitybetweenthemwasshown.

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简介：Themechanismofcarriertransportinorganiclight-emittingdevicesisnumericallystudied,onthebasisoftrappedcharge-limitedconductionwithanexponentialtrapdistribution.Thespatialdistributionsoftheelectricalpotential,fieldandcarrierdensityintheorganiclayerarecalculatedandanalysed.Mostcarriersaredistributednearthetwoelectrodes,onlyafewofthemaredistributedovertheremainingpartoftheorgaiclayer,Thecarriersareaccumulatedneartheelectrodes,andtheremainingregionisalmostexhaustedofcarriers.Whenthecharacteristicenergyoftrapdistributionisgreaterthan0.3eV.itleadstoareductionofcurrentdensity.Inordertoimprovethedeviceefficiency,organicmaterialswithminortrapsandlowcharacteristicenergyshouldbechosen.Thediffusioncurrentisthedominantcomponentneartheinjectionelectrode.whereasthedriftcurrentdominatestheremainingregionoftheorganiclayer.

简介：TheroleoforganicmatterintheformationandstabilityofsoilaggregatesinmulberryplantationintheHang-Jia-HuPlain,northernZhejiangProvince,wasevaluatedinthisstudy.Apositivecorrelationwasfoundbetweenwater-stableaggregatecontentsandorganicmattercontentsinthemulberryplantationsoils,whichsupportedthehypothesisthatorganicmatterwasthemaincementingagentinformationofaggregates.Aclosecorrelationwasalsofoundbetweenstabilityofaggregateandorganicmattercontents.Regressionanalysisshowedthattotalnitrogencontentwasalsoanindicatorofwater-stableaggregatecontentandstability.Theaggregatesizedistributionindicatedthatthewater-stableaggregates1～0.25mmindiameterwerethemajorcomponentoftheaggregatesinthemulberryplantationsoils.Theorganicmattercontentsofaggregatesrangingfrom5to0.25mmindiameterincreasedwiththedecreaseofaggregatesizes,andtheaggregates1～0.25mmindiameterhadthemaximumorganicmattercontent.

简介：在这份报纸，器官的量井设备，无机的半导体类似于type-II量很好，被制作了，在里面它NPB(N，N鈥?Di-[(1-naphthalenyl)-N,N鈥?diphenyl]-(1,1鈥?biphenyl)-4,4鈥?diamine)和Alq3(Tris-(8-quinolinolato)铝)分别地充当潜在的障碍层和潜在的井层。在electroluminescence，有井宽度减少的光谱的蓝移动与不同的井宽度为设备被观察，并且这被量尺寸效果和激子监禁效果的联合解释。有增加应用电压的光谱的蓝移动为一样的设备被观察，并且这以极化效果和量尺寸效果被解释。CLC数字TN383+.1这个工作被中国的国家性质科学基础支持(60576016，10374001)，中国(2003CB314707)的国家关键基本研究专辑基础，国家高技术研究和开发中国(2006AA0380412)编程序，北京城市自然科学基础(2073030)，中国(10434030)的国家性质科学基础的关键条款，和北京交通大学的优秀医生鈥檚科技革新基础

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简介：Therectificationratiooforganicmagneticco-oligomerdiodesisinvestigatedtheoreticallybychangingthemolecularlength.Theresultsrevealtwodistinctlengthdependencesoftherectificationratio:forashortmoleculardiode,thechargecurrentrectificationchangeslittlewiththeincreaseofmolecularlength,whilethespin-currentrectificationisweakenedsharplybythelength;foralongmoleculardiode,boththecharge-currentandspin-currentrectificationratiosincreasequicklywiththelength.Thetwokindsofdependenceswitchataspecificlengthaccompaniedwithaninversionoftherectifyingdirection.Themolecularortibalsandspin-resolvedtransmissionanalysisindicatethatthedominantmechanismofrectificationsuffersachangeatthisspecificlength,thatis,fromasymmetricshiftofmoleculareigenlevelstoasymmetricspatiallocalizationofwavefunctionsuponthereversalofbias.Thisworkdemonstratesafeasiblewaytocontroltherectificationinorganicco-oligomerspindiodesbyadjustingthemolecularlength.更多还原

简介：Factoranalysisisusedtostudytheorganiccompoundsthathavehighdegreeofcorrelationwithbiomassinalgalblooming.Basedonthiscorrelation,theyarenamedcharacteristicorganiccompounds.Thecompoundsfoundaresequalene(SQU),cedrol(CED),2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione,2,6-bis(1,1-dimthylethyl)(PBQ),phenol,2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethy-4-methyl)(BHT),3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole(BHA),1,2-benzenedicarboxylieacid,bis-(2-methylpropyl)ester(DIBP),dibutylphthalate(DNBP),respectively.Monitoringthevariationsofconcentrationofthesecharacteristicorganiccompoundsinseawatermayprovidescientificbasisforstudyingandforecastingredtides.

简介：Soilsamplesat0-10cmindepthwerecollectedperiodicallyatpairedfieldsinCorvallis,Oregon,USAtocomparedifferencesinsoilmicrobialandfaunalpopulationsbetweenorganicandconventionalagroecosystems.Resultsshowedthattheorganicsoilecosystemhadasignificantlyhigher(P＜0.05)averagenumberorbiomassofsoilbacteria;densitiesofflagellates,amoebaeofprotozoa;somenematodes,suchasmicrobivorousandpredaceousnematodesandplant-parasiticnematodes;aswellasCollembola.GreaternumbersofRhabditida(suchasRhabditisspp.),werepresentintheorganicsoilecosystemwhilePanagrolaimusspp.werepredominantintheconventionalsoilecosystem.TheomnivoresandpredatorsofAcarinaintheMesostigmata(suchasDigamasellidaeandLaelapid),andProstigmata(suchasAlicorhaiidaeandRhagidiidae),werealsomoreabundantintheorganicsoilecosystem.However,fungivorousProstigmata(suchasTerpnacaridaeandNanorchestidae)andAstigmata(suchasAcarida)weresignificantlyhigher(P＜0.05)intheconventionalsoilecosystem,whichsupportedthefindingthattotalfungalbiomasswasgreaterintheconventionalsoilecosystem.Seansonalvariationsofthepopulationdependedmostlyonsoilmoistureconditionandfoodwebrelationship.ThepopulationdeclinedfromMaytoOctoberforbothagroecosystems.However,higherdiversitiesanddensitiesofsoilbiotasurvivedoccurredintheorganicsoilecosysteminthedryseason.

简介：ThecyclicvoltammetryandpotentiostaticelectrolysiswereusedtoinvestigatethepreparingofDy-BialloyfilmsinLiCl-DMSO(dimethylsulfoxide)system.Theeffectsofseveralfactorsincludingthepotentialofdeposition,concentrationsofmainsalts,andtheconcentrationratioofDyCl3toBi(NO3)3werestudied.Dy-Bialloyfilmscontaining4.82%-80.62%(massfraction)dysprosiumwerepreparedinDyCl3-Bi(NO3)3-LiCl-DMSOsystembycontrollingthesystemcompositionanddepositionconditions.Thefilmsaregray,uniform,metalliclusterandadherefirmlytothecoppersubstratesanalyzedbySEM(scanningelectronmicroscope),EDS(X-rayenergydispersiveanalysis),andXRD(X-raydiffraction).Afterheattreatmentat718Kforlh,thealloyphaseofDy-BiwasfoundinXRDpatterns.

简介：ThehybridsensitizerrhodamineBandcoumarinoreosinandcoumarinisusedtosensitizenanocrystallineporousfilms.Absorptionofthenanocrystallinephotovoltaiccell(NPC)isimprovedinvisiblelight.TheperformanceofthesecellsismoreeffectivethanthatofcellssensitizedonlybysensitizerrhodamineBoreosin.Inthesimulativesolarlight,cellsensitizedbyhybridsensitizerrhodamineBandcoumarincangetopencircuitvoltage(VOC)of550mVandshortcircuitcurrent(ISC)of0.1375mA/cm2.

简介：Photoniccrystalslabsintegratedintoorganiclight-emittingdiodes(OLEDs)allowfortheextractionofwaveguidemodesandthusanincreaseinOLEDefficiency.WefabricatedlinearBragggratingswitha460-nmperiodonflexiblepolycarbonatesubstratesusingUVnanoimprintlithography.Ahybridorganic–inorganicnanoimprintresistisusedthatservesalsoasahighrefractiveindexlayer.OLEDscomposedofapoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrenesulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)polymeranode,anorganicemissionlayer[poly(p-phenylenevinylene)(PPV)-derivative'SuperYellow'],andametalcathode(LiF/Al)aredepositedontotheflexiblegratingsubstrates.TheeffectsofphotoniccrystalslabdeformationinaflexibleOLEDarestudiedintheoryandexperiment.Thesubstratedeformationismodeledusingthefinite-elementmethod.Theinfluenceofthechangeinthegratingperiodandthewaveguidethicknessunderbendingareinvestigated.Thechangeinthegratingperiodisfoundtobethedominanteffect.Atanemissionangleof20°achangeintheresonancewavelengthof1.2%ispredictedforastrainof1.3%perpendiculartothegratinggrooves.ThisvalueisverifiedexperimentallybyanalyzingelectroluminescenceandphotoluminescencepropertiesofthefabricatedgratingOLEDs.