简介：ThetransformationoforganicP(Po)fromorganicmanuresintwotypesofsoils(ultisolandentisol)andtheinfluencesofexternaladditionoforganicsubstanceorinorganicP(Pi)onPoundertheconditionofthe60%maximumwatercapacitywereinvestigated.TheresultsobtainedfromPofractionationexperimentsindicatedthatallthePofractionsexceptforthehighlyresistantPofractiondecreasedduringincubation.ApplicationofpigfecesandcowfecescouldlargelyincreaseeachfractionofPointhesoils.ImmediatelyafterapplicationoforganicmanureintothesoilsalargepartoflabileandmoderatelylabilePofromorganicmanurewastransferredintomoderatelyresistantPo,whichmightbeduetothefactthatCa-orMg-inositolPwasprecipitatedintoFe-inositolP.However,theavailabilityofPofromorganicmanureinthesoilswouldincreaseagainafterincubationbecauseofthetransformationofmoderatelylabileandresistantPofractionsintolabilePofractions.AdditionofcelluloseorPiintothesoilsshowedagoodeffectonincreasingallthePofractionsexceptforthehighlyresistantPo,andthiseffectwasmuchmorepronouncedwhencellulosewasappliedincombinationwithPi.Therefore,inviewoftheeffectoforganicmanureonimprovingPnutritiontoplant,attentionshouldbepaidtoboththePoandtheorganicsubstancesfromorganicmanure,ItissuggestedthatapplicationofPifertilizercombinedwithorganicmanuremaybereferredtoasaneffectivemeansofprotectingPifromchemicalfixationinsoil.

简介：

简介：溶解的器官的氮(穿上)因为然而，它可以两个都在滋养穷人的土壤是为植物和主导的可得到的N形式的直接N来源，最近在土壤获得了增加的兴趣它在地中海生态系统的流行仍然保持不清楚。这研究的目的到过i)估计土壤在地中海生态系统的一个宽集合穿上并且比较这为另外的生态系统与那些铺平；ii)描述时间的变化在穿上并且溶解的无机的氮(吵闹)形式(NH+4和NO−；3)，并且在植物社区以内描绘空间异质；并且iii)学习土壤的相对比例穿上并且吵闹作为Schimel和班尼特不同N形式的流行跟随的假设的测试形成滋养的可获得性的一个坡度。学习在选择代表大量地中海植被类型的十一个植物社区被执行，从对晚接连著的地位早。在学习地中海植物社区穿上集中(0–；18.2mgNkg−；1)比为另外的生态系统在文学发现的那些一致地低。我们在土壤发现了高时间、空间的可变性为所有植物社区穿上。是为滋养穷人的生态系统由Schimel和班尼特模型预言了，在铵和硝酸盐上穿上优势在冬季和春天土壤样品为大多数植物社区被观察。然而，mineral-N统治了在上在夏天和秋天穿上。因此，土壤水内容可以穿上重要效果穿上对在地中海生态系统的矿物质N优势。

简介：Thisworkwasundertakentoresearchorganicwood-flourputtyaswoodensurfaceundercoat.Fourtypesofwood-flour(300,500,800and1000mesh)werepreparedthroughthetechnologicalprocessesofshattering,coarsegrindingandfinegrinding.Andlatex(16%ofsolidcontent)andtwokindsofagents(AandB)wereaddedintotheputty.Inthisexperiment,effectsofagentandparticlesizeofwood-flouronpropertiesoforganicwood-flourputty,suchaspaintingproperties,waterresistance,andabrasive...

简介：TheamountsofsoilnonexchangeableKextractedwith0.01mL/Loxalicacidandcitricacidsolutionsandthatwithboiling1mL/LHNO3fortenminuteswereremarkablysignificantlycorrelatedwitheachother,andtheamountextractedwiththeoxalicacidsolutionwashigherthanthatwiththecitricacidsolution.ThesoilnonexchangeableKreleasewascomprisedoftwofirst-orderkineticprocesses.ThefasteronewasascribedtotheinterlayerKinoutersphere,whilethesloweronetothatininnersphere.TherateconstantsofthesoilnonexchageableKweresignificantlycorrelatedwiththeamountsofnonexchangeableKextractedwithboiling1mL/LHNO3fortenminutes.Studyonthefitnessofdifferentkineticequationsindicatedthatthefirst-order,parabolicdiffusionandzero-orderequationscouldalldescribethereleaseofsoilnonexchangeableKwell,butElovichequationwasnotsuitabletodescribeit.

简介：Organicbiocidesastimberpreservativeshavearousedmoreandmoreattention,becausemetalsaltsespeciallyarsenic,chromeandsoon,havebeensuspectedtobepoisonoustothesoilandaquaticanimals,aswellasthedisposalofpreservedtimberwastes.Therefore,anumberofeffectiveorganicbiocideshavebeenselectedtopreventwoodorbamboofromdecay,mildew,stainandsoon.Mostoftheseproductshaveenteredintothemarket.Withpeople’sincreasingawarenessoftheenvironmentalprotection,organicbiocideswilleventuallyplayimportantrolesintimberpreservationinthefuture.Thispapersummarizedthestudiesonapplicationoforganicbiocidesaswoodorbamboopreservatives,includingresistantmechanisms,commonlyappliedtypesandeffectsagainstwoodorbamboofungi,approachestodetectingtheamountoforganicbiocidesintimberandtheirinfluencesontheenvironment.Basedonthediscussionabove,theauthorspredictedthedevelopingprospectoforganicbiocidesintimberpreservation.

简介：Carbonofhumusacids(HSAC)anddissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC)arethemostactiveformsofsoilorganiccarbon(SOC)andplayanimportantroleinglobalcarbonrecycling.WeinvestigatedtheconcentrationsofHSAC,water-solubleorganiccarbon(WSOC),hotwater-extractableorganiccarbon(HWOC)andSOCinsoilsunderdifferentvegetationtypesoffourcopperminetailingssiteswithdifferingvegetationsuccessiontimeperiodsinTongling,China.TheconcentrationsofHSAC,WSOC,HWOCandSOCincreasedwithvegetationsuccession.WSOCconcentrationincreasedwiththeaccumulationofSOCinthetailings,andalinearlypositivecorrelationexistedbetweentheconcentrationsofHSACandSOCinthetailings.However,thepercentagesofHSACandDOCintheSOCdecreasedduringvegetationsuccession.TherateofSOCaccumulationwashigherwhenthesuccessiontimewaslongerthan20years,whereasthespeedsofsoilorganicmatter(SOM)decompositionandhumificationwereslow,andtheconcentrationsofHSACandDOCincreasedslowlyinthetailings.Thepercentageofcarbonofhumicacid(HAC)inHSACincreasedwithvegetationsuccession,andthevaluesofhumificationindex(HI),HAC/carbonoffulvicacid,alsoincreasedwiththeaccumulationofHSACandSOCinsoilsofthetailingssites.However,theHIvalueintheeachofthetailingswaslessthan0.50.ThehumificationrateofSOMwaslowerthantheaccumulationrateofSOM,andthelevelofsoilfertilitywasstillverylowinthetailingsevenafter40yearsofnaturalrestoration.

简介：Allplantsemitawiderangeofvolatilecompounds,theso-calledbiogenicvolatileorganiccompounds(BVOC).BVOCemissionshavereceivedincreasedscientificattentioninthelasttwodecadesbecausetheymayprofoundlyinfluencethechemicalandphysicalpropertiesoftheatmosphere,andmaymodulateplanttolerancetoheat,pollutants,oxidativestressandabioticstresses,andaffectplant-plantandplant-insectinteractions.Urbanforestrymayhaveahighimpactonatmosphericcomposition,airquality,environment,andqualityoflifeinurbanareas.However,fewstudieshavebeencarriedoutwheretheemissionofBVOCcouldhaveimportantconsequenceforthequalityofairandcontributetopollutionepisodes.AscreeningofBVOCemissionbythemixedstandconstitutingurbanforestsisthereforerequiredifemissionsaretobereliablypredicted.Monitoringtheemissionratessimultaneouslywithmeasurementsofairquality,plantphysiologyandmicrometeorologyonselectedurbanforests,willallowdetailedquantitativeinformationontheinventoryofBVOCemissionsbyurbanvegetationtobecompiled.Thisinformationwillmakeitpossibletoproposeaninnovativemanagementofurbanvegetationincitiescharacterisedbyheavyemissionsofanthropogenicpollutants,aimingattheabatementofBVOCemissionsthroughtheintroductionorselectionofnon-BVOCemittingspeciesinurbanareassubjectedtopollutionepisodesandinthenewafforestationareascoveringperi-urbanparks,greenbeltsandgreencorridorsbetweenperi-urbanruralareasandtheconurbations.

简介：这研究被进行检验蚯蚓的回答在中国的南部的副热带的区域在崽分解过程在不同分解阶段和他们的贡献玷污有机物和崽。二种植园作为学习地点被选择：地点我被异国情调的endogeic蚯蚓种类Ocnerodrilus西方人统治；地点II被epigeic种类Amynthascorticis统治。在掉落的崽和蚯蚓被移开或驱逐以后，四个处理是被建立：保留最高的土壤(05厘米，等于H层)(H)，移开最高的土壤并且增加新鲜垃圾(Le)，移开最高的土壤并且补充说分解半的垃圾(李)，和没有最高的土壤也不任何东西的控制乱丢东西(CK)。五使随机化在顶上与尼龙网被围住的块在每个地点被建立，然后四个处理在每块随机被安排。在23个月以后，蚯蚓用福尔马林方法被收集。结果证明尽管它也在处理Le和李被发现，那个Ocnerodrilus西方人是比较喜欢的处理H；尽管有时它也出现在处理H，Amynthascorticis比较喜欢处理李；并且Amynthassp，另一epigeic种，主要是在处理Le下面的现在并且仅仅偶尔出现在处理H。这些调查结果证实属于不同的生态的组的那蚯蚓种在不同分解阶段有不同回答到有机物。蚯蚓社区的影响由O统治了。西方人主要在崽分解的以后的时期被显得。

简介：湿氧化过程，即，Walkley黑(WB)方法，是为土壤有机物(SOM)的决心的一个平淡、相对精确、流行的方法，但是它是费时间的，昂贵并且也，因为铬和强壮的酸的处理，引起环境污染的一个高潜力在这分析使用了。因此，loss-on-ignition(LOI)过程，为SOM评价的一个简单、便宜的方法，也避免铬的酸浪费，值得更多的注意。这研究的目的与LOI(SOMLOI)和WB(SOMWB)方法学习在SOM之间的统计关系决心在二个主要平原，Shahrekord和Koohrang平原比较SOM的空间可变性，Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari省，伊朗。五十件表面土壤样品(025厘米)随机在每个平原被收集在300，360，400，500和550慨杮慥汢?漨?捡楴敶?慃愠摮?用WB方法和LOI过程决定SOM?愠摮琠瑯污?愠摮??慨?潰楳楴敶挠牯敲慬楴湯?楷桴丠???摡潳灲楴湯

简介：

简介：Citricandmalicacidsatconcentrationsof0.1,1.0,10,and100mmol/LwereaddedtothreeUltisolsandoneOxisol,TheamountofPinsolutionincreasedwithincreasingorganicacidconcentrations,whiletheamountofFe-andAl-boundPdecreased.ThisresultsuggestedthatnaturallyoccurringproductsoforganicmatterdecompositioncouldincreasethePavailabilitytoplantsinsoilswherethereisarelativelylargepoolofFe-andAl-boundP.Theinteractionsbetweencitricandmalicacidsattheaboveconcentrations,andpaddedatratesof10,20,40,and80mg/kgweredetermined.Atzerolevelsoforganicacids,alladdedPbecameeitherlabileorbound,andgreaterproportionsremainedsolubleastheconcentrationoforgaicacidsincreased,whichsuggestedthatorganicacidsreducedfixationofdissolvedPinFe-andAL-richsoils.AgriculturalpracticeswhichincreaseorganicmatterinputonP-deficientacidsoildcoulddecreasePdeficiency,Thiswouldbeimportantinmanytropicalandsubtropicalregionswherethesesoilsarecommon,andwherethecostsoffertilizersandlimearerelativelyhigh.

简介：

简介：在每个分解阶段的森林土壤性质上的崽秋天和它的效果在热带季风被调查三种植园(7年的相思树种植园，15年的相思树种植园和18年的混合种植园)和从孟加拉国的Chittagong多山的区域的一个自然森林(Sitapahar森林)的气候的条件。结果证明有机物的全部的累积与种植园年龄增加了，与年度累积率的减少伴随。在一样的植被类型以内，有山上的显著地改变的腐植质(p≤0.05)的新鲜、部分分解的垃圾的器官的累积放，在底部斜坡上是最高的并且在森林里向山顶逐渐地减少。在土壤有机物的累积的反向的趋势在15年的相思树auriculiformis种植园，燃料木头在哪儿收集了被显示出。在7年、15年的相思树和18年的混合宽广离开的种植园，全部的有机物生产由组成评价新鲜，在土壤的部分并且完全分解的垃圾以及合并有机物是2554.31，705.79和1028.01kg·h−1·a−1,分别地，并且从新鲜垃圾的相应贡献是38.23，19.40和30.48kg·h−1·a−1,分别地。在三种植园和自然森林，在一般水准上，新鲜垃圾组成了32.45%，部分与腐植质13.50%分解了垃圾并且合并了在有0.90厘米的吝啬的崽厚度的土壤54.56%全部的有机物生产的有机物。土壤酸味随有机物的分解舞台的增加增加了。

简介：TheroleoforganicmatterintheformationandstabilityofsoilaggregatesinmulberryplantationintheHang-Jia-HuPlain,northernZhejiangProvince,wasevaluatedinthisstudy.Apositivecorrelationwasfoundbetweenwater-stableaggregatecontentsandorganicmattercontentsinthemulberryplantationsoils,whichsupportedthehypothesisthatorganicmatterwasthemaincementingagentinformationofaggregates.Aclosecorrelationwasalsofoundbetweenstabilityofaggregateandorganicmattercontents.Regressionanalysisshowedthattotalnitrogencontentwasalsoanindicatorofwater-stableaggregatecontentandstability.Theaggregatesizedistributionindicatedthatthewater-stableaggregates1～0.25mmindiameterwerethemajorcomponentoftheaggregatesinthemulberryplantationsoils.Theorganicmattercontentsofaggregatesrangingfrom5to0.25mmindiameterincreasedwiththedecreaseofaggregatesizes,andtheaggregates1～0.25mmindiameterhadthemaximumorganicmattercontent.

简介：Soilsamplesat0-10cmindepthwerecollectedperiodicallyatpairedfieldsinCorvallis,Oregon,USAtocomparedifferencesinsoilmicrobialandfaunalpopulationsbetweenorganicandconventionalagroecosystems.Resultsshowedthattheorganicsoilecosystemhadasignificantlyhigher(P＜0.05)averagenumberorbiomassofsoilbacteria;densitiesofflagellates,amoebaeofprotozoa;somenematodes,suchasmicrobivorousandpredaceousnematodesandplant-parasiticnematodes;aswellasCollembola.GreaternumbersofRhabditida(suchasRhabditisspp.),werepresentintheorganicsoilecosystemwhilePanagrolaimusspp.werepredominantintheconventionalsoilecosystem.TheomnivoresandpredatorsofAcarinaintheMesostigmata(suchasDigamasellidaeandLaelapid),andProstigmata(suchasAlicorhaiidaeandRhagidiidae),werealsomoreabundantintheorganicsoilecosystem.However,fungivorousProstigmata(suchasTerpnacaridaeandNanorchestidae)andAstigmata(suchasAcarida)weresignificantlyhigher(P＜0.05)intheconventionalsoilecosystem,whichsupportedthefindingthattotalfungalbiomasswasgreaterintheconventionalsoilecosystem.Seansonalvariationsofthepopulationdependedmostlyonsoilmoistureconditionandfoodwebrelationship.ThepopulationdeclinedfromMaytoOctoberforbothagroecosystems.However,higherdiversitiesanddensitiesofsoilbiotasurvivedoccurredintheorganicsoilecosysteminthedryseason.

简介：Biocharcouldhelptostabilizesoilorganic(SOM)matter,thussequesteringcarbon(C)intothesoil.Theaimofthisworkwastodetermineaneasymethodi)toestimatetheeffectsoftheadditionofbiocharandnutrientsontheorganicmatter(SOM)mineralizationinanartificialsoil,proposedbytheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),amendedwithglucoseandii)tomeasuretheamountoflabileorganicmatter(glucose)thatcanbesorbedandthusbepartiallyprotectedinthesamesoil,amendedornotamendedwithbiochar.Afactorialexperimentwasdesignedtochecktheeffectsofthreesinglefactors(biochar,nutrients,andglucose)andtheirinteractionsonwholeSOMmineralization.Soilsampleswereinoculatedwithamicrobialinoculumandpreincubatedtoensurethattheirbiologicalactivitieswerenotlimitedbyasmallamountofmicrobialbiomass,andthentheywereincubatedinthedarkat21℃for619d.PeriodicalmeasurementsofCmineralizedtocarbondioxide(CO_2)werecarriedoutthroughoutthe619-dincubationtoallowthemineralizationofbothactiveandsloworganicmatterpools.Theamountofsorbedglucosewascalculatedasthedifferencebetweenthetotalandremainingamountsofglucoseaddedinasoilextract.Twodifferentmodels,theFreundlichandLangmuirmodels,wereselectedtoassesstheequilibriumisothermsofglucosesorption.TheCO_2-Creleasestronglydependedonthepresenceofnutrientsonlywhennobiocharwasaddedtothesoil.ThemineralizationoforganicmatterinthesoilamendedwithbothbiocharandglucosewasequaltothesumofthemineralizationofthetwoCsourcesseparately.Furthermore,asignificantamountofglucosecanbesorbedonthebiochar-amendedsoil,suggestingtheinvolvementofphysico-chemicalmechanismsinlabileorganicmatterprotection.

简介：瑞斯糠是从擦亮那的米饭的稳固的残余在动物营养和米饭采油被使用。有为mycotoxin污染的agro有毒，类脂化合物不稳定性，和趋势的耕作条件在人的营养限制它的申请。因此，器官的农业是一种选择使用大米糠的性质。瑞斯糠饮料是从器官的米饭的一个新谷物产品。这个工作介绍化学药品和变阻器的初步的结果洗澡的逻辑研究消毒了米饭糠饮料。与不可分的使脱去脂肪的牛奶，酱油摘录，和稻谷相比低脂肪的牛奶，在这个工作学习的米饭糠饮料作为矿物质和不饱和的类脂化合物的重要来源介绍自己。所有必要氨基酸在这个产品被发现。Glutamic和丁氨二酸酸是占优势的。在为15和30min煮水温度的洗澡加热杀菌法为微生物安全是足够的。为20天的制冷存储，由pH和酸味变化评估了，为对饮料保存时间的评价是理想的。饮料粘性具有牛顿的标准行为，并且它的粘性不在存储期间是一个好参数评估架生命。感觉偏爱测试为这新饮料显示出积极观点。

简介：构造Technosols可以是为创造城市的绿空格的一种选择。然而，从人工品的集会出现的水疗院结构的性质从来没被记录过。土壤收缩曲线(SSC)能关于构造Technosols提供相关结构的信息，例如保持每个毛孔系统(macropores和micropores)的能力的水。这研究的目的是(i)评估SSC和水保留曲线(WRC)描述构造Technosols的结构并且(ii)在土壤上满足水疗院结构的性质理解有机物的影响。在这研究，Technosols被混合绿浪费堆肥(GWC)，材料从土壤(古日耳曼语字母之一)的深地平线挖掘了获得。GWC从0%～50%在六个不同容量的百分比与古日耳曼语字母之一被混合(GWC/total)。GWC和古日耳曼语字母之一展出了高度分叉的水疗院结构的性质：SSC为GWC是夸张的并且为古日耳曼语字母之一S字形。所有六个混合处理(0%，10%，20%，30%，40%和50%GWC)展出了古典S字形的形状，揭示毛孔系统的二个嵌入的层次。20%GWC处理是类似于30%和40%GWC处理的水疗院在结构上；那么，广泛的GWC的大数量是不必要的。有GWC百分比的关系是一二度为在micropores的容量的可得到的水的方程，但是为在macropores和全部的容量的可得到的水的容量的可得到的水是线性的。在50%GWC处理的全部的容量的可得到的水在0%GWC处理象那一样两次高。由联合SSC和WRC，增加GWC百分比增加了由减少保持能力的水在收缩限制的浸透水的micropores的最大的相等的尺寸并且增加浸透水的macropores的最大的相等的尺寸，导致能保留可得到的水的毛孔直径的一个增加的范围。

简介：Determiningthephysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofsoilanditsbehaviorforengineeringprojectsisessentialforroadconstructionoperations.Oneofthemostimportantprinciplesinforestroadconstruction,whichisusuallyneglected,istoavoidmixingorganicmatterwithroadmaterialsduringexcavationandembankmentconstruction.Thecurrentstudyaimedtoassesstheinfluenceoforganicmatteronthephysicalpropertiesandmechanicalbehaviorsofforestsoilandtoanalyzetherelationbetweentheamountoforganicmatterandthebehaviorofforestsoilasroadmaterial.Atypicalsoilsamplefromthestudyareawascollectedbesideanewlyconstructedroadbed.Thesoilwasmixedwithdifferentpercentagesoforganicmatter(controltreatment,5,10,and15%bymass)anddifferenttestsincludingAtterberglimits,standardcompaction,andCaliforniabearingratio(CBR)testswereconductedonthesedifferentsoilmixtures.Theresultsshowedthatsoilplasticityincreasedlinearlywithincreasingorganicmatter.Increasingtheorganicmatterfrom0%(control)to15%resultedinanincreaseof11.64%oftheplasticlimitand15.22%oftheliquidlimitafterdryingat110℃.Also,increasingtheorganicmattercontentreducedthesoilmaximumdrydensityandincreasedtheoptimummoisturecontent.Increasingtheorganicmatterfrom0to15%resultedinanincreaseof11.0%oftheoptimummoisturecontentandadecreaseof0.29g/cm3ofthemaximumdrydensity.OrganicmatterdecreasedtheCBR,whichisusedastheindexofroadstrength.Adding15%organicmattertothesoilresultedinadecreaseoftheCBRfrom15.72to4.75%.Therewasasignificantdifferencebetweenthetwodryingtemperatures(60and110℃)forthesameorganicmattermixtureswithlowerwatercontentvaluesafterdryingat60℃.Theresultsrevealedtheadverseinfluenceoforganicmatteronsoilengineeringpropertiesandshowedtheimportanceoforganicmatterremovalbeforeexcavationandfillconstruction.