简介:Organicbiocidesastimberpreservativeshavearousedmoreandmoreattention,becausemetalsaltsespeciallyarsenic,chromeandsoon,havebeensuspectedtobepoisonoustothesoilandaquaticanimals,aswellasthedisposalofpreservedtimberwastes.Therefore,anumberofeffectiveorganicbiocideshavebeenselectedtopreventwoodorbamboofromdecay,mildew,stainandsoon.Mostoftheseproductshaveenteredintothemarket.Withpeople’sincreasingawarenessoftheenvironmentalprotection,organicbiocideswilleventuallyplayimportantrolesintimberpreservationinthefuture.Thispapersummarizedthestudiesonapplicationoforganicbiocidesaswoodorbamboopreservatives,includingresistantmechanisms,commonlyappliedtypesandeffectsagainstwoodorbamboofungi,approachestodetectingtheamountoforganicbiocidesintimberandtheirinfluencesontheenvironment.Basedonthediscussionabove,theauthorspredictedthedevelopingprospectoforganicbiocidesintimberpreservation.
简介:TheInternationalCentreforTheoreticalPhysics(ICTP,Italy)RegionalClimateModelversion3.0(RegCM3)isusedtosimulatespatio-temporaldistributioncharacteristicsandradiativeforcing(RF)oforganiccarbon(OC)aerosolsinandaroundChina.ThepreliminarysimulationresultsshowthatOCaerosolsaremostlyconcentratedintheareatothesouthofYellowRiverandeastofTibetanPlateau.ThereisadecreasingtrendofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsfromsouthtonorthinChina.ThemaximumvalueofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsisabove3mg/m2andlocatedinthecentralandsouthernChina,southeasternTibet,andsouthwesternChina’sYunnan,Guizhou,Sichuanprovinces.ThesimulationontheseasonalvariationshowsthatthemaximumvalueofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsappearsinwinterandthesecondaryvalueisinspringandtheminimuminsummer.TheRFofOCaerosolswhichvariesseasonallyisnegativeatthetopoftheatmosphere(TOA)andsurface.Thespatio-temporalcharacteristicsoftheRFofOCaerosolsarebasicallyconsistentwiththatofIPCC,implyingthehighaccuracyoftheparameterizationschemeforOCaerosolsinRegCM3.
简介:Aseriesofnovelamphibiousorganic/inorganichybridprotonexchangemembraneswithH3PO4dopedwhichcouldbeusedunderbothwetanddryconditionswaspreparedthroughasol-gelprocessbasedonacrylatedtriethoxysilane(A-TES)andbenzyltetrazole-modifiedtriethoxysilane(BT-TES).Thedual-curingapproachincludingUV-curingandthermalcuringwasusedtoobtainthecrosslinkedmembranes.Polyethyleneglycol(400)diacrylate(PEGDA)wasusedasanoligomertoformthepolymericmatrix.Themolecularstructuresofprecursorswerecharacterizedby1H,13Cand29SiNMRspectra.Thethermogravimetricanalysis(TGA)resultsshowthatthemembranesexhibitacceptablethermalstabilityfortheirapplicationatabove200oC.Thedifferentialscanningcalorimeter(DSC)determinationindicatesthatthecrosslinkedmembraneswiththemassratiosofbelow1.6ofBT-TEStoA-TESandthesamemassofH3PO4dopedasthatofA-TESpossessthe-Tgs,andthelowestTg(-28.9℃)existsforthemembranewithdoublemassofH3PO4dopedaswell.Thehighprotonconductivityinarangeof9.4―17.3mS/cmwiththecorrespondingwateruptakeof19.1%―32.8%ofthemembraneswasdetectedat90oCunderwetconditions.Meanwhile,theprotonconductivityinadryenvironmentforthemembranewithamassratioof2.4ofBT-TEStoA-TESanddoubleH3PO4loadingincreasesfrom4.89×10-2mS/cmat30℃to25.7mS/cmat140℃.Theexcellentprotontransportabilityunderbothhydrousandanhydrousconditionsdemonstratesapotentialapplicationinthepolymerelectrolytemembranefuelcells.
简介:parasitoidAsecodesmento(沃克,1839)(Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)是草莓叶甲壳虫Galerucellatenella(L.)的最重要的biocontrol代理人(翘目:Chrysomelidae)在北欧洲。这里,我调查了在器官的草莓种植园的自然寄生状态是否被其他的主人植物绣线菊属的灌木(Filipendulaulmaria)的存在影响,并且寄生状态率是否在不同年龄(6~79年)的种植园之间不同。我也调查了parasitoid窝尺寸,身体尺寸和性别比率是否在这域里在二主机植物之间不同。寄生状态是很低的(0%)在里面最新建立了种植园并且在草莓被种约20年了的地里增加了到一个高原(40%)或更长。如此的一个扩大殖民过程为商业栽培者是不能接受的。发现一个方法在年轻种植园催化parasitoid人口积聚将因此是合乎需要的。Parasitoid窝尺寸在从绣线菊属的灌木收集的甲壳虫是更大的,当身体尺寸和性别比率没在从二植物收集的parasitoids之间不同时。这些调查结果建议绣线菊属的灌木能出口parasitoids到附近的草莓地。尽管这是可能性,我没处于在孤立的草莓地和邻近绣线菊属的灌木看台的地之间的寄生状态率发现任何重要差别,显示本地植被的效果在寄生状态率上是小的。在最新确定的草莓种植园释放parasitoids可以是为快速比与绣线菊属的灌木杂种获得高寄生状态的更好的策略。
简介:Usingorganicaquaregia,arecentlydiscoveredpowerfulorganicleachingagent,aneffectiveprocessofrecoveringPtdirectlyfromPt-Aubimetallicnanoparticleswasdemonstrated.ThepuritiesofthePtrecoveredfromamixtureofAuandPtnanoparticlesandfromPt-Aucore-shellnanoparticlecatalystareashighas(99.49±0.22)%,and(95.02±0.08)%,respectively.Thenovelrecoveryprocesspromisesapplicationsincatalysisindustry.
简介:Settingmonitoringtransectinthemiddleandshallowwaterarea(altitude156-172m)inThreeGorgesreservoirhydro-fluctuationbelttoresearchthechangingcharacteristicsofthecontentsofN,P,K,pHandorganicmatterofthesoilwhichexperiencedtheinfluenceoffluctuationthefirsttime.Theresultsshowedthatbytheinfluenceofwaterlevelfluctuating,contentsofsoilN,P,K,pHandorganicmatterhadreducedindifferentsoillayersinhydro-fluctuationbelt.TheavailableNdecreasedby41.53%-59.87%,availablePdecreasedby5.26%-36.76%,availableKdecreasedby3.55%-45.56%,totalNdecreasedby9.52%-40.00%,totalPhadnochangegenerally,totalKhaddecreasedalittle,contentoforganicmaterialdecreasedby7.62%-37.83%%,pHvalueturnedtoneutral,changedby1.73%-9.58%.