简介：Thisworkwasundertakentoresearchorganicwood-flourputtyaswoodensurfaceundercoat.Fourtypesofwood-flour(300,500,800and1000mesh)werepreparedthroughthetechnologicalprocessesofshattering,coarsegrindingandfinegrinding.Andlatex(16%ofsolidcontent)andtwokindsofagents(AandB)wereaddedintotheputty.Inthisexperiment,effectsofagentandparticlesizeofwood-flouronpropertiesoforganicwood-flourputty,suchaspaintingproperties,waterresistance,andabrasive...

简介：Organicbiocidesastimberpreservativeshavearousedmoreandmoreattention,becausemetalsaltsespeciallyarsenic,chromeandsoon,havebeensuspectedtobepoisonoustothesoilandaquaticanimals,aswellasthedisposalofpreservedtimberwastes.Therefore,anumberofeffectiveorganicbiocideshavebeenselectedtopreventwoodorbamboofromdecay,mildew,stainandsoon.Mostoftheseproductshaveenteredintothemarket.Withpeople’sincreasingawarenessoftheenvironmentalprotection,organicbiocideswilleventuallyplayimportantrolesintimberpreservationinthefuture.Thispapersummarizedthestudiesonapplicationoforganicbiocidesaswoodorbamboopreservatives,includingresistantmechanisms,commonlyappliedtypesandeffectsagainstwoodorbamboofungi,approachestodetectingtheamountoforganicbiocidesintimberandtheirinfluencesontheenvironment.Basedonthediscussionabove,theauthorspredictedthedevelopingprospectoforganicbiocidesintimberpreservation.

简介：Allplantsemitawiderangeofvolatilecompounds,theso-calledbiogenicvolatileorganiccompounds(BVOC).BVOCemissionshavereceivedincreasedscientificattentioninthelasttwodecadesbecausetheymayprofoundlyinfluencethechemicalandphysicalpropertiesoftheatmosphere,andmaymodulateplanttolerancetoheat,pollutants,oxidativestressandabioticstresses,andaffectplant-plantandplant-insectinteractions.Urbanforestrymayhaveahighimpactonatmosphericcomposition,airquality,environment,andqualityoflifeinurbanareas.However,fewstudieshavebeencarriedoutwheretheemissionofBVOCcouldhaveimportantconsequenceforthequalityofairandcontributetopollutionepisodes.AscreeningofBVOCemissionbythemixedstandconstitutingurbanforestsisthereforerequiredifemissionsaretobereliablypredicted.Monitoringtheemissionratessimultaneouslywithmeasurementsofairquality,plantphysiologyandmicrometeorologyonselectedurbanforests,willallowdetailedquantitativeinformationontheinventoryofBVOCemissionsbyurbanvegetationtobecompiled.Thisinformationwillmakeitpossibletoproposeaninnovativemanagementofurbanvegetationincitiescharacterisedbyheavyemissionsofanthropogenicpollutants,aimingattheabatementofBVOCemissionsthroughtheintroductionorselectionofnon-BVOCemittingspeciesinurbanareassubjectedtopollutionepisodesandinthenewafforestationareascoveringperi-urbanparks,greenbeltsandgreencorridorsbetweenperi-urbanruralareasandtheconurbations.

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简介：在每个分解阶段的森林土壤性质上的崽秋天和它的效果在热带季风被调查三种植园(7年的相思树种植园，15年的相思树种植园和18年的混合种植园)和从孟加拉国的Chittagong多山的区域的一个自然森林(Sitapahar森林)的气候的条件。结果证明有机物的全部的累积与种植园年龄增加了，与年度累积率的减少伴随。在一样的植被类型以内，有山上的显著地改变的腐植质(p≤0.05)的新鲜、部分分解的垃圾的器官的累积放，在底部斜坡上是最高的并且在森林里向山顶逐渐地减少。在土壤有机物的累积的反向的趋势在15年的相思树auriculiformis种植园，燃料木头在哪儿收集了被显示出。在7年、15年的相思树和18年的混合宽广离开的种植园，全部的有机物生产由组成评价新鲜，在土壤的部分并且完全分解的垃圾以及合并有机物是2554.31，705.79和1028.01kg·h−1·a−1,分别地，并且从新鲜垃圾的相应贡献是38.23，19.40和30.48kg·h−1·a−1,分别地。在三种植园和自然森林，在一般水准上，新鲜垃圾组成了32.45%，部分与腐植质13.50%分解了垃圾并且合并了在有0.90厘米的吝啬的崽厚度的土壤54.56%全部的有机物生产的有机物。土壤酸味随有机物的分解舞台的增加增加了。

简介：Determiningthephysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofsoilanditsbehaviorforengineeringprojectsisessentialforroadconstructionoperations.Oneofthemostimportantprinciplesinforestroadconstruction,whichisusuallyneglected,istoavoidmixingorganicmatterwithroadmaterialsduringexcavationandembankmentconstruction.Thecurrentstudyaimedtoassesstheinfluenceoforganicmatteronthephysicalpropertiesandmechanicalbehaviorsofforestsoilandtoanalyzetherelationbetweentheamountoforganicmatterandthebehaviorofforestsoilasroadmaterial.Atypicalsoilsamplefromthestudyareawascollectedbesideanewlyconstructedroadbed.Thesoilwasmixedwithdifferentpercentagesoforganicmatter(controltreatment,5,10,and15%bymass)anddifferenttestsincludingAtterberglimits,standardcompaction,andCaliforniabearingratio(CBR)testswereconductedonthesedifferentsoilmixtures.Theresultsshowedthatsoilplasticityincreasedlinearlywithincreasingorganicmatter.Increasingtheorganicmatterfrom0%(control)to15%resultedinanincreaseof11.64%oftheplasticlimitand15.22%oftheliquidlimitafterdryingat110℃.Also,increasingtheorganicmattercontentreducedthesoilmaximumdrydensityandincreasedtheoptimummoisturecontent.Increasingtheorganicmatterfrom0to15%resultedinanincreaseof11.0%oftheoptimummoisturecontentandadecreaseof0.29g/cm3ofthemaximumdrydensity.OrganicmatterdecreasedtheCBR,whichisusedastheindexofroadstrength.Adding15%organicmattertothesoilresultedinadecreaseoftheCBRfrom15.72to4.75%.Therewasasignificantdifferencebetweenthetwodryingtemperatures(60and110℃)forthesameorganicmattermixtureswithlowerwatercontentvaluesafterdryingat60℃.Theresultsrevealedtheadverseinfluenceoforganicmatteronsoilengineeringpropertiesandshowedtheimportanceoforganicmatterremovalbeforeexcavationandfillconstruction.

简介：Background:Soilorganiccarbon(SOC)isalargereservoirofterrestrialcarbon(C);itconsistsofdifferentfractionsofvaryingcomplexityandstability.PartitioningSOCintodifferentpoolsofdecomposabilityhelpbetterpredictthetrendofchangesinSOCdynamicsunderclimatechange.InformationonhowphysicalfractionsandchemicalstructuresofSOCarerelatedtoclimateandvegetationtypesisessentialforspatialmodelingofSOCprocessesandresponsestoglobalchangefactors.Method:Soilsampleswerecolectedfrommultiplerepresentativeforestsitesofthreecontrastingclimaticzones(i.e.cooltemperate,warmtemperate,andsubtropical)ineasternChina.MeasurementsweremadeonSOCcontentsandphysicalfractionsofthe0–20cmsoillayer,andthechemicalcompositionofSOCofthe0–5cmsoillayer,alongwithmeasurementsandcompilationofthebasicsiteandforeststandvariables.Thelong-termeffectsoftemperature,litterinputs,soilcharacteristicsandvegetationtypeontheSOCcontentsandfactionswereexaminedbymeansof"spacefortimesubstitution"approachandstatisticalanalysis.Result:Meanannualtemperature(MAT)variedfrom2.1℃atthecooltemperatesitesto20.8℃atthesubtropicalsites.TotalSOCofthe0–20cmsoillayerdecreasedwithincreasingMAT,rangingfrom89.2g·kg^-1incooltemperateforeststo57.7g·kg^-1insubtropicalforests,atanaveragerateof1.87%reductioninSOCwitha1℃increaseinMAT.WithincreasingMAT,theproportionsofaromaticCandphenolicCdisplayedatendencyofdecreases,whereastheproportionofalkylCandA/O-Avalue(theratioofalkylCtothesumofO-alkylCandacetalC)displayedatendencyofincreases.Overall,therewerenosignificantchangeswithMATandforesttypeineitherthephysicalfractionsorthechemicalcomposition.BasedontherelationshipbetweentheSOCcontentandMAT,weestimatethatSOCinthetop20soillayerofforestspotentiallycontribute6.58–26.3PgCgloballytotheat

简介：Background:Thelargepotentialofthesoilorganiccarbon(SOC)pooltosequesterCO2fromtheatmospherecouldgreatlyamelioratetheeffectoffutureclimatechange.However,thequantityofcarbonstoredinterrestrialsoilslargelydependsuponthemagnitudeofSOCmineralization.SOCmineralizationconstitutesanimportantpartofthecarboncycle,andisdrivenbymanybiophysicalvariables,suchastemperatureandmoisture.Methods:Soilsamplesofapineforest,anoakforest,andapineandoakmixedforestwereincubatedfor387daysunderconditionswithsixtemperaturesettings(5°C,10°C,15°C,20°C,25°C,30°C)andthreelevelsofsoilmoisturecontent(SMC,30%,60%,90%).TheinstantaneousrateofmineralizedSOCwasperiodicallyandautomaticallymeasuredusingaLi-CorCO2analyzer.BasedonthemeasuredamountofmineralizedSOC,carbonfractionswereestimatedseparatelyviafirst-orderkineticone-andtwo-compartmentmodels.Results:Duringthe387dayincubationexperiment,accumulativemineralizedcarbonrangedfrom22.89mgcarbon(C)·g-1SOCat30°Cand30%SMCforthemixedforestto109.20mgC·g-1SOCat15°Cand90%SMCfortheoakforest.Mineralizedrecalcitrantcarbonvariedfrom18.48mgC·g-1SOCat30°Cand30%SMCforthemixedforestto104.98mgC·g-1SOCat15°Cand90%SMCfortheoakforest,andcontributedatleast80%tototalmineralizedcarbon.Conclusions:Basedontheresultsofthisexperiment,thesoilorganicmatterofthepurebroadleavedforestismorevulnerabletosoilmicrobialdegradationinnorthernChina;mostoftheamountofthemineralizedSOCderivedfromtherecalcitrantcarbonpool.Labilecarbonfractionconstitutesonaverage0.4%ofSOCacrossthethreeforesttypesandwasrapidlydigestedbysoilmicrobesintheearlyincubationstage.SOCmineralizationmarkedlyincreasedwithsoilmoisturecontent,andcorrelatedparabolicallytotemperaturewiththehighestvalueat15°C.Nosignificantinteractionwasdetectedamongthese

简介：Thepresentstudywasanefforttounderstandtheamountoflitterfallanditssubsequentdecompositionandquantifythereleaseofavailablenutrientsandsoilphysicochemicalcharacteristicsinplantationsoffourforesttreespecies(Lagerstroemiaparviflora,Tectonagrandis,ShorearobustaandMicheliachampaca)intheChilapattaReserveForestoftheCoochBeharWildlifeDivisionintheTeraizoneofWestBengal,India.Themostlitter(5.61Mgha-1)wasproducedbyT.grandisplantationandtheleast(4.72Mgha-1)byL.parviflora.Thematerialturnoverratetothesoilthroughdecompositionfromtotallitterwasfastestduringthefirstquarteroftheyearandsubsequentlydecreasedduringthenexttwoquarters.Thematerialturnoverratewasonly1year,whichindicatesthatmorethan90%ofthetotallitterproduceddecomposedwithinayear.Theavailableprimarynutrientcontentinlittervariedacrossthefourplantationsovertheyear.Theplantationsgenerallydidnotsignificantlyinfluencethesoilphysicalcharacteristicsbutdidsignificantlyinfluencetheavailabilityofprimarynutrientsandorganiccarbonattwodepths(1-15and16-30cm)overtheyear.Theavailabilityofsoilprimarynutrientsinthefourplantationsalsoincreasedgraduallyfromthefirstquarteroftheyeartothethirdquarterandthendecreasedduringthelastquartertothesamelevelasinthefirstquarteroftheyearatbothdepths.Theavailabilityforsoilorganiccarbonintheplantationsfollowedasimilatrend.Theamountoflitterproducedandthematerialturnoverinthesoilinthedifferentplantationsdiffered,influencingthenutrientavailabilityandorganiccarbonattheplantations.TheamountofsoilorganiccarbonwashighestforT.grandis(2.52Mgha-1)andlowestforL.parviflora(2.12Mgha-1).Litteristhesourceofsoilorganicmatter,andmorethelitterthatisproducedbytheplantations,thehigherwillbethecontentandamountofsoilorganiccarbonintheplantation.

简介：Settingmonitoringtransectinthemiddleandshallowwaterarea(altitude156-172m)inThreeGorgesreservoirhydro-fluctuationbelttoresearchthechangingcharacteristicsofthecontentsofN,P,K,pHandorganicmatterofthesoilwhichexperiencedtheinfluenceoffluctuationthefirsttime.Theresultsshowedthatbytheinfluenceofwaterlevelfluctuating,contentsofsoilN,P,K,pHandorganicmatterhadreducedindifferentsoillayersinhydro-fluctuationbelt.TheavailableNdecreasedby41.53%-59.87%,availablePdecreasedby5.26%-36.76%,availableKdecreasedby3.55%-45.56%,totalNdecreasedby9.52%-40.00%,totalPhadnochangegenerally,totalKhaddecreasedalittle,contentoforganicmaterialdecreasedby7.62%-37.83%%,pHvalueturnedtoneutral,changedby1.73%-9.58%.

简介：集中和在Castanopsiskawakamii和中国冷杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata)的单一经营种植园的森林地板的文档的季节的动力学在Sanming被估计，福建，中国(26°11′30″N，117°26′00″E)。福雷斯特地板样品在2002在1月，4月，7月和10月被拿并且划分成波形的镇静的材料(地平线Oi)，部分分解了器官的材料(地平线Oe)，并且充分分解了器官的材料(horizonOa)。在收集之上，样品的文档集中被高温TOC分析。Theresults证明中国冷杉木的累年平均文档集中(1341.7mg·kg~(在森林地板的-1))比Castanopsiskawakamii的高(1178.9mg·kg~(-1))。在DOCconcentrations的差别在森林地板的三根地平线之中被观察。二个森林里的森林地板的文档集中在地平线Oe是最高的。文档集中的季节的趋势森林地板的冷淡的地平线是类似的，最大的价值发生在秋天(或冬季)。集中和学习森林里的文档的时间的变化可能与在在森林地板的有机物的潮湿，温度，生物学的活性和数量的变化有关。