简介：Screeningandearlydiagnosisofgastriccancerplayimportantrolesinreducingthemortalityofgastriccancer.AvastamountofstudydataongastriccancerscreeningandearlydiagnosishasbeenaccumulatedinandoutofChinainthepastdecades.Thepracticeofgastriccancerscreeninghasalsobeenefficientlycarriedoutindifferentcountriesandregions.However,nowidelyacceptedprincipleofpopulationscreeningforgastriccancerhasbeendevelopedyet.Screeningforgastriccancerrequiresextensiveexplorationboththeoreticallyandpractically.Thisarticlefocusesonthemethodandprogramofgastriccancerscreeningbasedonpopulation.Moreover,thecurrentsituationofgastriccancerscreeninganditsevaluationareevaluated.

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简介：AIM:ToinvestigateFusobacteriumnucleatum（F.nucleatum）abundanceincolorectalcancer（CRC）tissuesanditsassociationwithCRCinvasivenessinChinesepatients.METHODS:Theresectedcancerandadjacentnormaltissues（10cmbeyondcancermargins）from101consecutivepatientswithCRCwerecollected.Fluorescentquantitativepolymerasechainreaction（FQ-PCR）wasappliedtodetectF.nucleatuminCRCandnormaltissues.ThedifferenceofF.nucleatumabundancebetweencancerandnormaltissuesandtherelationshipofF.nucleatumabundancewithclinicalvariableswereevaluated.Fluorescenceinsituhybridization（FISH）analysiswasperformedon22CRCtissueswiththehighestF.nucleatumabundancebyFQ-PCRtestingtoconfirmFQ-PCRresults.RESULTS:ThemedianabundanceofF.nucleatuminCRCtissues[0.242（0.178-0.276）]wassignificantlyhigherthanthatinnormalcontrols[0.050（0.023-0.067）]（P<0.001）.F.nucleatumwasover-representedin88/101（87.1%）CRCsamples.TheabundanceofF.nucleatumdeterminedby2-ΔCTwassignificantlygreaterintumorsamples[0.242（0.178,0.276）]thaninnormalcontrols[0.050（0.023,0.067）]（P<0.001）.Thefrequencyofpatientswithlymphnodemetastaseswashigherintheover-abundancegroup[52/88（59.1%）]thanintheunder-abundancegroup[0/13（0%）]（P<0.005）.NosignificantassociationofF.nucleatumwithotherclinico-pathologicalvariableswasobserved（P>0.05）.FISHanalysisalsofoundmoreF.nucleatuminCRCthaninnormaltissues(mediannumber6,25th3,75th10vs2,25th1,75th5)（P<0.01）.CONCLUSION:F.nucleatumwasenrichedinCRCtissuesandassociatedwithCRCdevelopmentandmetastasis.

简介：TheincidenceoflungcancerintheGejiuareaofYunnanProvinceranksthefirstintheworld.Theradonlevel(indoor,soil)wasmeasuredintheGejiuareabytheSSNTDmethodfrom1990to1996,Theresultindicatesanextensivehigh-levelofindoorradoninthatareathoughUandTharelowerinlocallimestones,Theindoorradonlevelofhouseslocatedinthegeologicfaultzoneis6timeshighthat2kmfarfromthefaultzone.Thereasonprobablyisthattheradonlevelofsoilinthefaultis6-8timeshighthat1kmfarfromthefaults.ourdataindicatethatalowerrangeofradonlevels,0-100Bq.m^-3,existsinhealthyfamilies.However,ahigherradonlevel,over800Bq.m^-3,isoftenfoundcorrespondingtothatofcancerpatients'homes(thehouse-ownersaresufferingfromeitherlungcancerorleukaemiaorlivercancer),Obviously,anincreaseinlungcancerincidencefollowsanincreaseinindoorradonlevel,Theriskofcancerinducedbyindoorradonisnolongeraninference,butafact.

简介：在染色体9p21的Ink4地点编码P15Ink4b，P14Arf，P16Ink4a，MTAP，ncRNAANRIL/p15AS和p16AS，它在干细胞自强的规定起一个重要作用。这些基因的功能的损失通过绕过在房间周期的G1和S阶段之间的检查点支持房间增长。由在开始地点(TSS)的抄写附近的CpG岛的methylation的Transcriptional沉默是在carcinogenesis的早阶段的一个经常的事件。长期的发炎是为Ink4a基因的CpG岛的methylation的一个强壮的开始者。象Polycomb那样的transcriptionalsilencers的联合有基因特定的ncRNA的组(PcG)蛋白质能epigenetically第一在H3K27，然后在H3K9包括trimethylation导致histone修正。在抄写的长期的沉默的情况中，CpG地点的methylation在目标基因的完整的CpG岛以内日益增多地开始并且传播。就算它的宿主细胞与Ink4a活跃细胞被熔化，Ink4aCpG岛的methylation地位是很稳定的。

简介：Ovariancancerisoneofthemostlethalmalignantgynecologicaltumors.Morethan70%ofpatientswithovariancancerarediagnosedatadvancedstage.The5-yearsurvivalinpatientswithadvancedovariancancerislessthan30%becauseofthelackofeffectivebiomarkersfordiagnosis,prognosis,andpersonalizedtreatment.MicroRNA(miR)isaclassofsmallnoncodingRNAsthatnegativelyregulategeneexpressionprimarilythroughpost-transcriptionalrepression.ManystudiesontissuemiRinovariancancerhavebeencarriedoutandshowgreatpotentialinclinicalpractice.However,tissuesamplesarenoteasilyavailablebecausesamplingcausesinjury.Researchershavestartedtofocusonplasma/serummiR,assumingthatbloodsamplesmayreplacetissuesamplesinmiRresearchinthefuture.Plasma/serummiRresearchisstillinitsearlystages.Studiesonitsfunctionintheearlydiagnosisofovariancancerhaveachievedsomeprogress,butplasma/serummiRprofilingforprognosisandpersonalizedtreatmentofovariancancerremainsunknown.Athoroughunderstandingofthefunctionofplasma/serummiRinovariancancerwillfacilitateearlydiagnosisandimprovetreatmentforovariancancer.

简介：瞄准：在先进或变形的颜色加irinotecan+/-bevacizumab调查cape-citabine的功效和安全表面的癌症病人。方法：四十六个病人与以前未经治疗，局部地进展或变形颜色表面的癌症(mCRC)在未来的开标签的阶段II试用在2001-2006之间被招募，在德国基于社区的门诊病人诊所。病人们加bevacizumab(CAPIRI十亿电伏)加irinotecan(CAPIRI)或CAPIRI收到了标准capecitabine政体每3wk。剂量减小从在>等级2毒性的情况下的第一个周期是强制的。bevacizumab的治疗选择依据见解医生。主要端点是反应和毒性，第二等的端点包括了没有前进的幸存和全面幸存。结果：在CAPIRI组对CAPRI十亿电伏组，比男病人(47%对24%)有更多的女性，并且更多的病人与作为主要肿瘤地点(5.9%对20.7%)有S字形的冒号的更少病人一起作为主要肿瘤地点(58.8%对48.2%)有冒号。等级3/4毒性比CAPIRI十亿电伏与CAPIRI是更高的：82%对58.6%。部分反应率是29.4%和34.5%，并且肿瘤控制率分别地是70.6%和75.9%。没有完全的回答被观察。中部的没有前进的幸存分别地为CAPIRI和CAPIRI十亿电伏是11.4瞬间和12.8瞬间。为CAPIRI的中部的全面幸存是15瞬间(458d)并且为CAPIRI十亿电伏24瞬间(733d)。这些差别不是统计上不同的。在CAPIRI十亿电伏，组织，二个病人在治疗以后经历了完整的第二等的肿瘤切除术，而在CAPIRI组没有盒子经历了这个过程。结论：政体很好被容忍并且在这门诊病人设置为有效肿瘤提供了生长控制。严重胃肠的毒性和thromboembolic事件是稀罕的并且如果观察从来不是致命的。

简介：Acrucialfeatureofnanoparticles,suchasliposomes,magneticnanoparticles,quantumdots,metallicnanoparticles,silicananoparticles,polymersomesanddendrimersetc.,istheirhigheraccumulationinthetumorthaninnormaltissues1-3.Variousnanoparticleshavebeenintensivelyusedasvehiclestodeliverchemotherapeutic

简介：Objective:Toanalyzethecorrelationsamongcomorbidityandoverallsurvival(OS),biochemicalprogression-freesurvival(b-PFS)andtoxicityinelderlypatientswithlocalizedprostatecancertreatedwith125Ibrachytherapy.Methods:Elderlymen,aged≥65years,withlow-intermediateriskprostatecancer,weretreatedwithpermanent125Ibrachytherapyasmonotherapy.Comorbiditydatawereobtainedfrommedicalreportsusingage-adjustedCharlsoncomorbidityindex(a-CCI).Thepatientswerecategorizedintotwoagegroups(<75and≥75yearsold),andtwocomorbidityscoregroups(a-CCI≤3and>3).ToxicitywasscoredwithRadiationTherapyOncologyGroup(RTOG)scale.Results:FromJune2003toOctober2009,atotalof92elderlypatientsunderwentprostatebrachytherapy,including57men(62%)withlow-riskprostatecancer,and35men(38%)withintermediate-riskprostatecancer.Themedianageofpatientswas75years(range,65-87years).Forty-sevenpatients(51%)hada-CCI≤3and45patients(49%)a-CCI>3.Withamedianfollow-upperiodof56months(range,24-103months),the5-yearactuarialOSandb-PFSwere91.3%and92.4%respectively,withoutstatisticalsignificancebetweentwoCharlsonscoregroups.Toxicitywasmild.Noneofthepatientsexperiencedgastrointestinal(GI)toxicity,andonly4patiens(4%)experiencedlategenitourinary(GU)grade-3(G3)toxicity.NocorrelationbetweenacuteGUandGItoxicityandcomorbiditywasshowed(P=0.50andP=0.70,respectively).Conclusions:Ourdatasuggestthatelderlymenwithlow-intermediateriskprostatecancerandcomorbiditycanbeconsideredforaradicaltreatmentas125Ilow-doseratebrachytherapy.

简介：Receptortyrosinekinases(RTKs)suchastheepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor(EGFR)regulatecellularhomeostaticprocesses.EGFRactivatesdownstreamsignalingcascadesthatpromotetumorcellsurvival,proliferationandmigration.DysregulationofEGFRsignalingasaconsequenceofoverexpression,amplificationandmutationoftheEGFRgeneoccursfrequentlyinseveraltypesofcancersandmanybecomedependentonEGFRsignalingtomaintaintheirmalignantphenotypes.Consequently,concertedeffortshavebeenmountedtodeveloptherapeuticagentsandstrategiestoeffectivelyinhibitEGFR.However,limitedtherapeuticbenefitstocancerpatientshavebeenderivedfromEGFR-targetedtherapies.Awell-documentedobstacletoimprovedpatientsurvivalisthepresenceofEGFR-inhibitorresistanttumorcellvariantswithinheterogeneoustumorcellmasses.Here,wesummarizethemechanismsbywhichtumorsresistEGFR-targetedtherapiesandhighlighttheemergingroleofmicroRNAs(miRs)asdownstreameffectormoleculesutilizedbyEGFRtopromotetumorinitiation,progressionandthatplayaroleinresistancetoEGFRinhibitors.WealsoexamineevidencesupportingtheutilityofmiRsaspredictorsofresponsetotargetedtherapiesandnoveltherapeuticagentstocircumventEGFR-inhibitorresistancemechanisms.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Non-smokers account for a large proportion of lung cancer patients, especially in Asia, but the attention paid to them is limited compared with smokers. In non-smokers, males display a risk for lung cancer incidence distinct from the females—even after excluding the influence of smoking; but the knowledge regarding the factors causing the difference is sparse. Based on a large multicenter prospective cancer screening cohort in China, we aimed to elucidate the interpretable sex differences caused by known factors and provide clues for primary and secondary prevention.Methods:Risk factors including demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, family history of cancer, and baseline comorbidity were obtained from 796,283 Chinese non-smoking participants by the baseline risk assessment completed in 2013 to 2018. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the sex difference in the risk of lung cancer, and the hazard ratios (HRs) that were adjusted for different known factors were calculated and compared to determine the proportion of excess risk and to explain the existing risk factors.Results:With a median follow-up of 4.80 years, 3351 subjects who were diagnosed with lung cancer were selected in the analysis. The lung cancer risk of males was significantly higher than that of females; the HRs in all male non-smokers were 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.38) after adjusting for the age and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.28-1.50) after adjusting for all factors, which suggested that known factors could not explain the sex difference in the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers. Known factors were 7% (|1.29-1.38|/1.29) more harmful in women than in men. For adenocarcinoma, women showed excess risk higher than men, contrary to squamous cell carcinoma; after adjusting for all factors, 47% ([1.30-1.16]/[1.30-1]) and 4% ([7.02-6.75]/[7.02-1])) of the excess risk was explainable in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The main causes of gender differences in lung cancer risk were lifestyle factors, baseline comorbidity, and family history.Conclusions:Significant gender differences in the risk of lung cancer were discovered in China non-smokers. Existing risk factors did not explain the excess lung cancer risk of all non-smoking men, and the internal causes for the excess risk still need to be explored; most known risk factors were more harmful to non-smoking women; further exploring the causes of the sex difference would help to improve the prevention and screening programs and protect the non-smoking males from lung cancers.

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简介：AbstractObjective:Management of postoperative pain after head and neck cancer surgery is a complex issue, requiring a careful balance of analgesic properties and side effects. The objective of this review is to discuss the efficacy and safety of multimodal analgesia (MMA) for these patients.Methods:Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov were systematically searched for all comparative studies of patients receiving MMA (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, anticonvulsants, local anesthetics, and corticosteroids) for head and neck cancer surgeries. The primary outcome was additional postoperative opioid usage, and secondary outcomes included subjective pain scores, complications, adverse effects, and 30-day outcomes.Results:A total of five studies representing 592 patients (MMA, n = 275; non-MMA, n = 317) met inclusion criteria. The most commonly used agents were gabapentin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen (n = 221), NSAIDs (n = 221), followed by corticosteroids (n = 35), dextromethorphan (n = 40), and local nerve block (n= 19). Four studies described a significant decrease in overall postoperative narcotic usage with two studies reporting a significant decrease in hospital time. Subjective pain scores widely varied with two studies reporting reduced pain at postoperative day 3. There were no differences in surgical outcomes, medical complications, adverse effects, or 30-day mortality and readmission rates.Conclusion:MMA is an increasingly popular strategy that may reduce dependence on opioids for the treatment of postoperative pain. A variety of regimens and protocols are available for providers to utilize in the appropriate head and neck cancer patient.

简介：AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, and a continued upward trend has been predicted in the coming decades. Screening in selected targeted populations, which is effective in reducing cancer-related mortality, has been widely implemented in many countries. This review summarizes the advances in BC screening techniques, organized or opportunistic BC screening programs across different countries, and screening modalities recommended by different academic authorities. Mammography is the most widely used and effective technique for BC screening. Other complementary techniques include ultrasound, clinical breast examination, and magnetic resonance imaging. Novel screening tests, including digital breast tomosynthesis and liquid biopsies, are still under development. Globally, the implementation status of BC screening programs is uneven, which is reflected by differences in screening modes, techniques, and population coverage. The recommended optimal screening strategies varied according to the authoritative guidelines. The effectiveness of current screening programs is influenced by several factors, including low detection rate, high false-positive rate, and unsatisfactory coverage and uptake rates. Exploration of accurate BC risk prediction models and the development of risk-stratified screening strategies are highly warranted in future research.

简介：AbstractBackground:Previous studies have shown that bufalin exerts antitumor effects through various mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the antineoplastic mechanism of bufalin, an extract of traditional Chinese medicine toad venom, in ovarian cancer.Methods:The 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), and colony formation assays were used to investigate the antiproliferative effect of bufalin on the ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3. Molecular docking was used to investigate the combination of bufalin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of EGFR protein and its downstream targets.Results:Bufalin inhibited the proliferation of SK-OV-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Bufalin was confirmed to combine with EGFR protein using molecular docking and downregulate expression of EGFR. Bufalin inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR, protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).Conclusion:Bufalin suppresses the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through the EGFR/AKT/ERK signaling pathway.