简介：Somaticstemcells(SSCs),beingessentialinmaintaininghomeostasisofnormaltissue,replenishdyingcellsandregeneratedamagedtissuesfororganism.Ontheotherhand,withtheself-renewedability,SSCsareidealcellulartargetstobeacquiredinmultiplemutationstransformingSSCstocancerstemcells(CSCs)whichcausemalignanciesandevenrecurrenceaftercancertreatmentifCSCsfailtobeeradicated(1).OneyearafterDrs.JohnB.GurdonandShinyaYamanakasharedthe2012NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefortheirdiscoverythatmaturecellscanbereprogrammedtobecome

简介：Cancergenomicsisarapidlygrowingdisciplineinwhichthegeneticmolecularbasisofmalignancyisstudiedatthescaleofwholegenomes.Whilethedisciplinehasbeensuccessfulwithrespecttoidentifyingspecificoncogenesandtumorsuppressorsinvolvedinoncogenesis,itisalsochallengingourapproachtomanagingpatientssufferingfromthisdeadlydisease.Specificallycancergenomicsisdrivingclinicaloncologytotakeamoremolecularapproachtodiagnosis,prognostication,andtreatmentselection.Wereviewhererecentworkundertakenincancergenomicswithanemphasisontranslationofgenomicfindings.Finally,wediscussscientificchallengesandresearchopportunitiesemergingfromfindingsderivedthroughanalysisoftumorswithhigh-depthsequencing.

简介：前列腺癌症(PCa)是在有超过890 的世界上的最普通的恶意之一；000个盒子和超过258 ；各世界范围的000死亡年。将近从PCa的死亡由于变形疾病的所有，典型地通过演变到的肿瘤荷尔蒙倔强或阉割抵抗。尽管有集中的流行病学的学习，有很少已知的环境风险因素，并且年龄和家庭历史是主要决定因素。然而，在世界范围的PCa发生有极端异质，建议主要决定因素没被描述。染色体宽的协会研究被执行了，重要，却低风险的loci的一个可观的数字被识别了。另外，几个组由genomic拷贝数字的决心分析了PCa，熔化基因产生并且候选人基因，以及定序的exome和整个染色体重新定序指向。这些起始的研究检验了主要、变形的肿瘤以及鼠科的异种皮移植并且在雄激素反应和房间周期小径的TP53和其它潜力司机基因，和骚乱识别了体的改变。继续风险因素以及基因变化的描述，这被希望，在肿瘤的错误规定将帮助理解，诊断并且更好对待PCa。

简介：

简介：在中国的前列腺癌症(PCa)研究在最近的年里的一个飞速上升的趋势上。在中国的第一染色体宽的协会研究(GWAS)鉴别二新PCa风险联系了单个核苷酸多型性(SNP)。下一代定序正在开始被过去常，产出新奇调查结果：基因熔化，长非编码的RNA和另外的变化。当各种各样的诊断biomarkers广泛地被调查了时，PCa前进的机制被说明了。个性化的治疗基于基因因素，nano药和繁体中文药是为PCa的试验性的治疗学的研究的焦点。这评论打算在中国在PCa研究在最近的进步之上打开灯并且以后指出可能的突破。

简介：InSeptember2013,theTranslationalAndrologyandUrology(TAU)launchedafocusissueon'ProstateCancer',whichwasguest-editedbyDr.Jer-TsongHsiehandDr.GaneshRajfromUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenteratDallas,USA.Inthisfocusissue,Dr.RajandDr.Hsiehinvitedaninternationalexpertpanelofcliniciansandbasicscientiststooutlinecurrentchallengesofprostatecancertreatment

简介：尽管测试的前列腺特定的抗原(PSA)无疑增加了的浆液的平淡的使用前列腺癌症(PCa)察觉，它的主要缺点之一是它特性的缺乏。作为后果，许多人为懒惰的瘤经历不必要的活体检视或治疗。PCa特定的标记为疾病和一个前列腺瘤的攻击性的预言的早察觉被需要。因为PCa是异构的疾病，瘤标记的一块面板为更精确的诊断是基本的。几biomarkers由于他们为在组织的疾病的特性是有希望的。然而，织物是象一个可能的屏蔽工具不合适。因为尿能容易以一种非侵略的方式被获得，它是为测试的biomarker的有希望的底层。这篇文章为在尿的PCa的非侵略的测试考察biomarkers。

简介：FromNovember1,2013,TranslationalLungCancerResearch(TLCR)isofficiallyendorsedbytheSpanishLungCancerGroup(Figure1).ThisisameaningfulmilestoneforTLCRasanacknowledgmentofitsexpansionanddedicationtolungcancerresearchandwilltremendouslyadvanceitscontinuedexplorationinthefield.SinceitwaslaunchedinMay2013,TLCRhasbeendedicatedtoprovidingcutting-edgefindingsintherapidly

简介：Objective:Toexploretheeffectofearlyenteralnutrition(EN)onpostoperativenutritionalstatus,intestinalpermeability,andimmunefunctioninelderlypatientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancer.Methods:Atotalof96patientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancerwhounderwentsurgicaltreatmentinourhospitalfromJune2007toDecember2010wereenrolledinthisstudy.TheyweredividedintoENgroup(n=50)andparenteralnutrition(PN)group(n=46)basedonthenutritionsupportmodes.Thebodyweight,timetofirstflatus/defecation,averagehospitalstay,complicationsandmortalityafterthesurgeryaswellastheliverfunctionindicatorswererecordedandanalyzed.Peripheralbloodsampleswerecollectedonthedays1,4and7aftersurgery.Theplasmadiamineoxidase(DAO)activityandD-lactatelevelweredeterminedtoassesstheintestinalpermeability.TheplasmaendotoxinlevelsweredeterminedusingdynamicturbidimetricassaytoassesstheprotectiveeffectofENonintestinalmucosalbarrier.Thepostoperativebloodlevelsofinflammatorycytokinesandimmunoglobulinsweredeterminedusingenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA).Results:Afterthesurgery,thetimetofirstflatus/defecation,averagehospitalstay,andcomplicationsweresignificantlylessintheENgroupthanthoseinthePNgroup(P<0.05),whereastheENgrouphadsignificantlyhigheralbuminlevelsthanthePNgroup(P<0.05).Onthe7thpostoperativeday,theDAOactivity,D-lactatelevelandendotoxincontentsweresignificantlylowerintheENgroupthanthoseinthePNgroup(allP<0.05).Inaddition,theENgrouphadsignificantlyhigherIgA,IgG,IgM,andCD4levelsthanthePNgroup(P<0.05)butsignificantlylowerIL-2,IL-6,andTNF-αlevels(P<0.05).Conclusions:Inelderlypatientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancer,earlyENaftersurgerycaneffectivelyimprovethenutritionalstatus,protectintestinalmucosalbarrier(byreducingplasmaendoxins),andenhancetheimmunefunction

简介：Earlydiagnosisandtreatmentisthekeytoimprovingtheprognosisofgastriccancer.Thepastdecadeshavewitnessedtherapidadvancesinthediagnosisandmanagementofearlygastriccancer(EGC):endoscopyhasplayedanincreasinglyimportantrole,whereaslaparoscopictechniqueshavealsobeenintroducedforEGCtreatment.InChina,the

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简介：Thelasttenyearshaveseenremarkableprogressincancerresearch.However,despitesignificantbreakthroughsintheunderstanding,prevention,andtreatmentofcancer,thediseasecontinuestoaffectmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Cancer’scomplexitycompoundedwithfinancial,policyandregulatoryroadblockshasslowedtherateofprogressbeingmadeagainstcancer.Inthispaper,wereviewafewofthemostrecentbreakthroughsthatarefuelingmedicaladvancesandbringingnewhopeforpatientsaffectedbythisdevastatingdisease.Wealsoaddressthechallengesfacingusandtheopportunitiestoacceleratefutureprogressagainstcancer.TheeffortsoftheAmericanAssociationforCancerResearch(AACR)toaddressthecancerburdenalreadyextendbeyondthebordersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheAACRiscommittedtoincreasingitseffortstostemthetideofcancerworldwidebypromotinginnovativeprograms,strategies,andinitiativesforcancerresearchersandallthoseengagedincancer-relatedbiomedicalsciencesaroundtheworld.

简介：Breastcanceristheleadingcauseofdeathamongwomenattheagesof20-59years[1].TheincidenceofbreastcancerinAsiaisalsoshowntobeincreasingrecently,especiallyinthemoreaffluentcities,andthepeakincidenceofbreastcancerisattheageof45-50years[2].BreastcancerpreventionhasstartedfromsecondarypreventionstrategyofearlydetectionofthediseasewithdifferentmodalitiesinAsia[3-5]despitetheabsenceofunifiednationwidescreeningprogram.Therearealotof

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简介：TherearenotabledifferencesintheincidenceandmortalityratesforprostatecancerbetweenAsiaandWesterncountries.Itisalsorecognizedthattherearedifferencesinthinkingwithregardtotreatmentoptions.RecentlyitisalsothecasethatopinionshavebeenreportedconcerningthedifferencesbetweenAsianandWesternpatientswithregardtotheirreactiontoandrogendepletiontherapy(ADT).GiventhatADTisamethodoftreatmentthatfocusesontheeliminationoftestosterone,aninevitablesymptomofitsadministrationistestosteronelosingsyndrome.ItisforthisreasonthatinWesterncountriesADThasonlybeenrecommendedincasesofadvancedormetastaticcancer.Ontheotherhand,inAsia,ADTisusedinrelativelymanycases,includingnon-metastaticlocalizedcancerandinvasivelocalizedcancer.Todate,however,therehasbeenlittlesubstantivediscussionconcerningthisdifferenceinutilizationofADT.ADT-relateddrugsforprostatecancerandthedevelopmentofnewdrugsforcastrationresistantprostatecancer(CRPC)havebeenactivelytestedinrecentyears.ItcouldbethecasethatanalyzingthedifferencesinconceptsaboutADTbetweenAsiaandtheWestcouldcontributetotheeffectiveuseofADT-relateddrugsandalsohelptobuildnewtreatmentstrategiesforprostatecancer.

简介：Objective:Theaimofthepresentstudywastoconstructariskassessmentmodelwhichwastestedbydisease-freesurvival(DFS)ofesophagealcancerafterradicalsurgery.Methods:Atotalof164consecutiveesophagealcancerpatientswhohadundergoneradicalsurgerybetweenJanuary2005andDecember2006wereretrospectivelyanalyzed.Thecutpointofvalueatrisk(VaR)wasinferredbystem-and-leafplot,aswellasbyindependent-samplest-testforrecurrence-freetime,furtherconfirmedbycrosstabchi-squaretest,univariateanalysisandCoxregressionanalysisforDFS.Results:ThecutpointofVaRwas0.3onthebasisofourmodel.Therateofrecurrencewas30.3%(30/99)and52.3%(34/65)inVaR<0.3andVaR≥0.3(chi-squaretest,χ2=7.984,P=0.005),respectively.The1-,3-,and5-yearDFSofesophagealcancerafterradicalsurgerywas70.4%,48.7%,and45.3%,respectivelyinVaR≥0.3,whereas91.5%,75.8%,and67.3%,respectivelyinVaR<0.3(Log-ranktest,χ2=9.59,P=0.0020),andfurtherconfirmedbyCoxregressionanalysis[hazardratio=2.10,95%confidenceinterval(CI):1.2649-3.4751;P=0.0041].Conclusions:Themodelcouldbeappliedforintegratedassessmentofrecurrenceriskafterradicalsurgeryforesophagealcancer.

简介：Screeningandearlydiagnosisofgastriccancerplayimportantrolesinreducingthemortalityofgastriccancer.AvastamountofstudydataongastriccancerscreeningandearlydiagnosishasbeenaccumulatedinandoutofChinainthepastdecades.Thepracticeofgastriccancerscreeninghasalsobeenefficientlycarriedoutindifferentcountriesandregions.However,nowidelyacceptedprincipleofpopulationscreeningforgastriccancerhasbeendevelopedyet.Screeningforgastriccancerrequiresextensiveexplorationboththeoreticallyandpractically.Thisarticlefocusesonthemethodandprogramofgastriccancerscreeningbasedonpopulation.Moreover,thecurrentsituationofgastriccancerscreeninganditsevaluationareevaluated.

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简介：Ovariancancerisoneofthemostlethalmalignantgynecologicaltumors.Morethan70%ofpatientswithovariancancerarediagnosedatadvancedstage.The5-yearsurvivalinpatientswithadvancedovariancancerislessthan30%becauseofthelackofeffectivebiomarkersfordiagnosis,prognosis,andpersonalizedtreatment.MicroRNA(miR)isaclassofsmallnoncodingRNAsthatnegativelyregulategeneexpressionprimarilythroughpost-transcriptionalrepression.ManystudiesontissuemiRinovariancancerhavebeencarriedoutandshowgreatpotentialinclinicalpractice.However,tissuesamplesarenoteasilyavailablebecausesamplingcausesinjury.Researchershavestartedtofocusonplasma/serummiR,assumingthatbloodsamplesmayreplacetissuesamplesinmiRresearchinthefuture.Plasma/serummiRresearchisstillinitsearlystages.Studiesonitsfunctionintheearlydiagnosisofovariancancerhaveachievedsomeprogress,butplasma/serummiRprofilingforprognosisandpersonalizedtreatmentofovariancancerremainsunknown.Athoroughunderstandingofthefunctionofplasma/serummiRinovariancancerwillfacilitateearlydiagnosisandimprovetreatmentforovariancancer.

简介：Objective:Toanalyzethecorrelationsamongcomorbidityandoverallsurvival(OS),biochemicalprogression-freesurvival(b-PFS)andtoxicityinelderlypatientswithlocalizedprostatecancertreatedwith125Ibrachytherapy.Methods:Elderlymen,aged≥65years,withlow-intermediateriskprostatecancer,weretreatedwithpermanent125Ibrachytherapyasmonotherapy.Comorbiditydatawereobtainedfrommedicalreportsusingage-adjustedCharlsoncomorbidityindex(a-CCI).Thepatientswerecategorizedintotwoagegroups(<75and≥75yearsold),andtwocomorbidityscoregroups(a-CCI≤3and>3).ToxicitywasscoredwithRadiationTherapyOncologyGroup(RTOG)scale.Results:FromJune2003toOctober2009,atotalof92elderlypatientsunderwentprostatebrachytherapy,including57men(62%)withlow-riskprostatecancer,and35men(38%)withintermediate-riskprostatecancer.Themedianageofpatientswas75years(range,65-87years).Forty-sevenpatients(51%)hada-CCI≤3and45patients(49%)a-CCI>3.Withamedianfollow-upperiodof56months(range,24-103months),the5-yearactuarialOSandb-PFSwere91.3%and92.4%respectively,withoutstatisticalsignificancebetweentwoCharlsonscoregroups.Toxicitywasmild.Noneofthepatientsexperiencedgastrointestinal(GI)toxicity,andonly4patiens(4%)experiencedlategenitourinary(GU)grade-3(G3)toxicity.NocorrelationbetweenacuteGUandGItoxicityandcomorbiditywasshowed(P=0.50andP=0.70,respectively).Conclusions:Ourdatasuggestthatelderlymenwithlow-intermediateriskprostatecancerandcomorbiditycanbeconsideredforaradicaltreatmentas125Ilow-doseratebrachytherapy.