简介：Nitrogen(N)applicationmayleadtonichesegregationofsoilammonia-oxidizingarchaea(AOA)andbacteria(AOB),therebyreducingthecompetitiveinteractionsbetweenAOAandAOBduetohigherammoniumsubstrateavailability.However,theadaptivemechanismsofAOAandAOBunderNenrichmentremainpoorlyunderstood.Stableisotopeprobing(SIP)microcosmincubationwasemployedtorevealcommunitychangesofactiveAOAandAOBinaloesssoilfromafieldexperimentgrowingpotatoesthatreceivednoN(control,CK),lowN(LN,75kgNha-1),andhighN(HN,375kgNha-1).Theresultsshowedthatthesoilpotentialnitrificationrate(PNR)wasmeasuredbyculturingofthesoilsamplesfromthefieldexperiment.SoilPNRwassignificantlyincreasedinHNby87.5%and67.5%comparedwithCKandLN,respectively.ComparedwithCK,the13C-amoAgenesofsoilAOAandAOBinHNhad2.58×104and1.55×106copies,representing1.6-and16.2-foldincreaserespectively.ItwasindicatedthatAOBdominatedsoilammoniaoxidation.Aphylogeneticanalysisofthe13C-amoAgeneshowedthatNapplicationsignificantlyincreasedtheproportionof54d9-likeAOAupto90%inHN,whiletheNitrososphaeragargensis-likeandNitrososphaeraviennensis-likeAOAwereinhibitedandcompletelydisappeared.NitrogenapplicationalsoresultedinthecommunityshiftofactiveAOB-dominantgroupfromNitrosospirabriensis-liketoNitrosospirasp.TCH711-like.OurstudyprovidescompellingevidencefortheemergenceandmaintenanceofactivenitrifyingcommunitiesundertheintensifiedNinputtoanagriculturalecosystem.

简介：Toshowthevegetationsuccessioninteractionwithsoilproperties,microbialbiomass,basalrespiration,andenzymeactivitiesindifferentsoillayers(0-60cm)weredeterminedinsixlands,i.e.,2-,7-,11-,20-,and43-year-oldabandonedlandsandonenativegrassland,inasemiaridhillyareaoftheLoessPlateau.Theresultsindicatedthatthesuccessionaltimeandsoildepthsaffectedsoilmicrobiologicalparameterssignificantly.In20-cmsoillayer,microbialbiomasscarbon(MBC),microbialbiomassnitrogen(MBN),MBC/MBN,MBCtosoilorganiccarbonratio(MBC/SOC),andsoilbasalrespirationtendedtoincreasewithsuccessionalstagesbutdecreasewithsoildepths.Incontrast,metabolicquotient(qCO2)tendedtodecreasewithsuccessionalstagesbutincreasewithsoildepths.Inaddition,theactivitiesofurease,catalase,neutralphosphatase,β-fructofuranosidase,andcarboxymethylcellulose(CMC)enzymeincreasedwithsuccessionalstagesandsoildepths.TheyweresignificantlypositivelycorrelatedwithmicrobialbiomassandSOC(P<0.5),whereasnoobvioustrendwasobservedforthepolyphenoloxidaseactivity.Theresultsindicatedthatnaturalvegetationsuccessioncouldimprovesoilqualityandpromoteecosystemrestoration,butitneededalongtimeunderlocalclimateconditions.

简介：这份报纸在微生物引起的发酵过程考虑喂批文化，它由批和连续文化组成。目标是探索能描述特征的一个新奇模型的性质为在非线性的开关中的微生物的人口生长多级式动态系统。改进模型基于试验性的数据被开发为批文化的阶段描述推迟的、发展、静止的阶段很好。然后，非线性的多级式的开关系统和Lipschitz连续性和关于起始的状态的解决方案的可辨性的答案的存在，唯一和固定也被讨论。最后，数字模拟为非线性的多级式的开关系统被采用。

简介：Thechangesofmicrobialbiomasscarbon(MBC)andnitrogen(MBN)andmicrobialcommunityinthetopsoiloftheabandonedagriculturallandonthesemi-aridLoessPlateauinChinaduringthenaturalsuccessionwereevaluatedtounderstandtherelationshipbetweenmicrobialcommunityandsoilproperties.MBCandMBNweremeasuredusingfumigationextraction,andmicrobialcommunitywasanalyzedbythemethodoffattyacidmethylester(FAME).ThecontentsoforganicC,totalN,MBC,MBN,totalFAME,fungalFAME,bacterialFAMEandGram-negativebacterialFAMEatthenaturalsuccessionsiteswerehigherthanthoseoftheagriculturalland,butlowerthanthoseofthenaturalvegetationsites.TheMBC,MBNandtotalFAMEwerecloselycorrelatedwithorganicCandtotalN.Furthermore,organicCandtotalNwerefoundtobepositivelycorrelatedwithfungalFAME,bacterialFAME,fungal/bacterialandGram-negativebacterialFAME.Naturalsuccessionwouldbeusefulforimprovingsoilmicrobialpropertiesandmightbeanimportantalternativeforsustainingsoilqualityonthesemi-aridLoessPlateauinChina.

简介：<正>Salinityisanimportantfactorcontrollingthemicrobialdistributioninlakes.Howeverlittleisknownabouthowmicrobialcommunitiesevolveinresponsetosalinityvariation.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedthemicrobial

简介：An80-dincubationexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatestrawdecomposition,theprimingeffectandmicrobialcharacteristicsinanon-fertilizedsoil(soil1)andalong-termorganicmanure-fertilizedsoil(soil2)withandwithout13C-labeledmaizestrawamendmentunderdifferentmoisturelevels.Thesoil2showedamarkedlyhigherprimingeffect,microbialbiomassC(Cmic),andβ-glucosidaseactivity,andmoreabundantpopulationsofbacteriaandfungithanthesoil1.Also,soilCO2emission,Cmic,β-glucosidaseactivity,andbacterialandfungalpopulationsizesweresubstantiallyenhancedbystrawamendment.Inthepresenceofstraw,theamountofstrawmineralizationandassimilationbymicrobesinthesoilat55%ofwaterholdingcapacity(WHC)weresignificantlyhigherby31%and17%,respectively,comparedtothoseat25%ofWHC.Incontrast,β-glucosidaseactivityandfungalpopulationsizewerebothenhancedasthemoisturecontentdecreased.Cmicdecreasedasstrawavailabilitydecreased,whichwasmainlyattributedtothereductionofstraw-derivedCmic.Amendedsoils,excepttheamendedsoil2at25%ofWHC,hadamoreabundantfungalpopulationasstrawavailabilitydecreased,indicatingthatfungaldecomposabilityofaddedstrawwasindependentofstrawavailability.Non-metricmultidimensionalscalinganalysisbasedonfungaldenaturedgradientgelelectrophoresisbandpatternsshowedthatshiftsinthefungalcommunitystructureoccurredaswaterandstrawavailabilityvaried.Theresultsindirectlysuggestthatsoilfungiareabletoadjusttheirdegradationactivitytowaterandstrawavailabilitybyregulatingtheircommunitystructure.

简介：题目：膜生物反应器处理港口含油废水的膜污染行为及群落结构演变研究目的：采用膜生物反应器处理港口含油废水。考察运行过程中膜污染行为特征，分析引起膜污染的关键影响因素，研究减弱膜污染的途径与方法；考察反应器内群落结构演变，分离鉴定优势菌种，揭示运行条件和进水水质等宏观环境与微生物微环境之间的对应关系。创新点：1．分析出膜表面累积的胞外蛋白是膜污染严重和过膜压力增大的关键诱因；2．基于YusufChisti和MurrayMooYoung提出的气提液体上升流速模型，结合胞外蛋白变化趋势，提出降低过膜压力上升速度和缓解膜污染进程的有效措施：3．针对处理港口含油废水的生物系统进行种群结构研究及优势菌属的分离与鉴定。方法：1．借助环境扫描电子显微镜（sEM）、能量色散x射线光谱仪（EDX）和傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）等分析手段表征膜污染物的主要成分；2，基于YusufChisti和MurrayMooYoung提出的气提液体上升流速模型，提出缓解膜污染进程的措施，并验证所提措施的有效性（图3和9）；3．通过巢式PCR-DGGE技术对处理港口含油废水的膜生物反应器不同运行阶段的微生物群落结构进行研究，并采用克隆技术对优势微生物进行菌种鉴定（图10和表3）。结论：1．采用一体化厌氧／好氧．膜生物反应器来处理港口含油废水的优点是对有机污染物和油类等污染物的去除效率高，但在其运行过程中膜污染严重。2．分析发现胞外聚合物是引起膜污染物的主要因素（图3-6）；组分分析进一步表明膜表面累积的胞外蛋白是膜污染严重和过膜压力增大的关键诱因（图7～9）。3．通过增大反应器曝气量，调整反应器结构参数可有效降低过膜压力上升速度，缓解膜污染进程。4．反应器内细菌群落结构平稳。5．克隆测序结果表明：膜�

简介：Microbialcommunityfunctionaldiversityisasensitiveindicatorofsoil.Forestfirescanchangemicrobialcommunityfunctionaldiversity.Inthisresearch,thefiredsoilsampleswerecollectedfromHuzhongofDaxing’anlinginHeilongjiangProvince.ThefunctionaldiversityofsoilmicrobialcommunitywasdetectedbyBIOLOGsystem.Theaveragewellcolordevelopment(AWCD)inBIOLOGplatesindicatedtheabilityofcarbonsubstrateutilizationofmicrobialcommunity.TheindicesofShannon,SimpsonandMcintoshwerecalculatedtoshowtherichness,dominanceandevennessofthefunctionaldiversity,andtheprincipalcomponentanalysisofsubstratereactionsreflectedthemaincarbonsourcesutilizedbymicrobialcommunity.TheresultsshowedthatallthesamplesexhibitedthereductionofAWCDduringthefirst144hoursofincubation,buttherewereobviousdifferencesinthereductiondegreeamongthesamples.Allkindsoffireintensitiescouldinfluencemicrobialcommunityfunctionaldiversity.Thelowfireintensityincreasedtherichness(Shannon),dominance(Simpson)andevenness(Mcintosh)ofmicrobialcommunity.However,theintermediateandhighfireintensityreducedtheseparameters,suggestingthattheburnedsoilemittedgaseousnitrogen,anumberoforganiccarbonandavailablephosphorus,whichcausedthereductionofthemicroorganisminquantityandtype,andchangeinsoilingredients.Theorganicmaterialreducedintheburnedsoil,inthesametime,thepHvaluesrose,whichchangedenvironmentinwhichmicroorganismlives.Thechangedenvironmentmightnotbeconducivetoactivitiesofthemicroorganism.Theprincipalcomponentanalysisshowedthatthemaincarbonsourcesforsoilmicrobeswerecarbohydratesandaminoacidsandthecarbonsubstrateutilizationpatternsindifferentsamplesweresignificantdifferent.Theresultsindicatedthatfunctionaldiversityofsoilmicrobeswerealteredbyforestfires,andtheabilityofmicrobestoutilizecarbonsourceandthetypeofcarbonsourceswereaffectedbydif

简介：Bothenantiomersofdenopamineweresynthesizedusingmicrobial-chemicalapproachviabioreductionof1-(acetoxyphenyl)ketone4(R=CH2C1)and5(R=CO2Et)withfungusGeotrichumsp.G38.

简介：二酸矿排水(AMD)样品TS和WK，从在Guangxi省的Dachang充满金属的矿，中国，用基于PCR的克隆被学习途径。44个运作的分类单位(OTU)的一个总数从二件AMD样品被获得。然而，仅仅三OTU(GXDC-9，GXDC-19和GXDC-50)在样品TS检测了能也在样品WK被观察。种系发生的分析表明在二件样品的细菌掉进四个通常认为的部门，它是Nitrospira，Alphaproteobacteria，Gamaproteobacteria，和Acidobacteria。类Acidithiobacillus和Leptospirillum的有机体，在gamaproteobacteria班和Nitrospira家庭上，分别地在二件样品是主导的。在样品TS，它被低pH描绘，高硫酸盐，高铁，和高砷化物，二种(Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans和Leptospirillumferrooxidans)组成了98.22%全部微生物引起的社区。与样品TS相比，在样品WK的微生物引起的社区根据观察是更多样化的。抱持兴趣地，Legionella种类，很少在low-pH环境被观察，在样品WK被检测。这个工作帮助我们进一步理解微生物引起的社区与唯一的地球化学和acidophiles的忍耐能力在极端酸矿排水住在一起到重金属的差异。

简介：TheTaixinanBasinisoneofthemostpotentialgashydratebearingareasintheSouthChinaSeaandabundantgashydrateshavebeendiscoveredduringexpeditionin2013.Inthisstudy,geochemicalandmicrobialmethodsarecombinedlyusedtocharacterizethesedimentsfromashallowpistonCoreDH_CL_11(gashydratefree)andagashydrate-bearingdrillingCoreGMGS2-16inthisbasin.Geochemicalanalysesindicatethatanaerobicoxidationofmethane(AOM)whichisspeculatedtobelinkedtotheongoinggashydratedissociationistakingplaceinCoreDH_CL_11atdeep.ForCoreGMGS2-16,AOMrelatedtopastepisodesofmethaneseepagearesuggestedtodominateduringitsdiageneticprocess;whiletherelativelyenrichedδ18Obulk-sedimentvaluesindicatethatmethaneinvolvedinAOMmightbereleasedfromthe'episodicdissociation'ofgashydrate.MicrobialanalysesindicatethatthepredominantphylainthebacterialcommunitiesareFirmicutesandProteobacteria(GammaproteobacteriaandEpsilonproteobacteria),whilethedominanttaxainthearchaealcommunitiesareMarine_Benthic_Group_B(MBGB),Halobacteria,Thermoplasmata,Methanobacteria,Methanomicrobia,GroupC3andMCG.Underparallelexperimentaloperations,comparabledominantmembers(FirmicutesandMBGB)arefoundinthepistonCoreDH_CL_11andthenearsurfacelayerofthelongdrillingCoreGMGS2-16.Moreover,thesemembershavebeenfoundpredominantinotherknowngashydratebearingcores,andthedominantofMBGBhasevenbeenfoundsignificantlyrelatedtogashydrateoccurrence.Therefore,ahighpossibilityfortheexistingofgashydrateunderlyingCoreDH_CL_11isinferred,whichisconsistentwiththegeochemicalanalyses.Inall,combinedgeochemicalandmicrobiologicalanalysesaremoreinformativeincharacterizingsedimentsfromgashydrate-associatedareasintheSouthChinaSea.

简介：Cathodeactivityplaysanimportantroleintheimprovementofthemicrobialfuelcellsonoceanfloor(BMFCs).AcomparisonstudybetweenRayon-based(CF-R)andPAN-basedcarbonfiber(CF-P)cathodesisconductedinthepaper.Thetwocarbonfiberswereheattreatedtoimprovecellperformance(CF-R-H&CF-P-H),andwereusedtobuildanewBMFCsstructurewithafoamycarbonanode.Themaximumpowerdensitywas112.42mWm-forCF-R-H,followedby66.6mWm-2forCF-R,49.7mWm-2forCF-P-Hand21.6mWm-2forCF-Prespectively.ThehigherspecificareaanddeepgroovemakeCF-RhaveabetterpoweroutputthanwithCF-P.Meanwhile,heattreatmentofcarbonfibercanimprovecellpower,nearlytwo-foldhigherthanheattreatmentofplainfiber.Thisimprovementmaybeduetothequinonesgroupformationtoacceleratethereductionofoxygenandelectrontransferonthefibersurfaceinthethreephaseboundaryafterheattreatment.ComparedtoPAN-basedcarbonfiber,Rayon-basedcarbonfiberwouldbepreferentiallyselectedascathodeinnovelBMFCsdesignduetoitshighsurfacearea,lowcostandhigherpower.Thecomparisonresearchissignificantforcathodematerialselectionandcelldesign.

简介：Prescribedfireisacommoneconomicalandeffectiveforestrypractice,andthereforeitisimportanttounderstandtheeffectsoffireonsoilpropertiesforbettersoilmanagement.Weinvestigatedtheimpactsoflow-intensityprescribedfireonthemicrobialandchemicalpropertiesofthetopsoilinaHungarianoak(QuercusfrainettoTen.)forest.Theresearchfocusedonmicrobialsoilparameters(microbialsoilrespiration(RSM),soilmicrobialbiomasscarbon(Cmic)andmetabolicquotient(qCO2)andchemicaltopsoilproperties(soilacidity(pH),electricalconductivity(EC),carbon(C),nitrogen(N),C/Nratioandexchangeablecations).Meanannualcomparisonsshowsignificantdifferencesinfourparameters(C/Nratio,soilpH,CmicandqCO2)whilemonthlycomparisonsdonotrevealanysignificantdifferences.SoilpHincreasedslightlyintheburnedplotsandhadasignificantlypositivecorrelationwithexchangeablecationsMg,Ca,MnandK.ThemeanannualC/Nratiowassignificantlyhigherintheburnedplots(28.5:1)thaninthecontrolplots(27.0:1).ThemeanannualCmic(0.6mgg-1)wassignificantlyloweralthoughqCO2(2.5lgCO2–CmgCmich-1)wassignificantlyhigher,likelyresultingfromthemicrobialresponsetofire-inducedenvironmentalstress.Low-intensityprescribedfirecausedveryshort-livedchanges.TheannualmeanvaluesofC/Nratio,pH,CmicandqCO2showedsignificantdifferences.

简介：

简介：更好在土壤上理解森林继任的效果微生物引起的活动，土壤的比较微生物引起的性质和营养素在代表自然森林继任chronosequence的三种森林类型之间被进行。学习比较了松(Pinusmassoniana)森林(P松和阔叶烟草混合了的F),森林(MF)并且一常绿树阔叶烟草森林(BYingzuijie生物圈储备地的F),，湖南省，中国。结果显示出那土壤在MF和BF阴谋比在PF阴谋。在微生物引起的生物资源碳的范围与B有最大的价值的F，5221022?mg?kg1,由MF368569?mg?kg1,并且最后，PF193449?mg?kg1。土壤营养素更强烈比基础呼吸或新陈代谢的商与微生物引起的生物资源碳被相关。总的来说，在学习地点的森林继任改善了玷污微生物引起的性质并且玷污富饶，它能接着增加主要生产率和碳隐遁。

简介：Inthisresearch,thedegradationofdibenzothiophene(DBT)wasinvestigatedbyusingPseudomonassp.LKY-5isolatedfromoilcontaminatedsoil.Theresponsesurfacemethodology(RSM)basedontheBox-Behnkendesign(BBD)wasappliedforevaluatingtheinteractiveeffectsoffourindependentvariablesincludingsubstrateconcentration,temperature,pHandagitationrateontheDBTremovalresponse.Atotalof29experimentsforfourfactorsatthreelevelswereconductedinpresentstudy.Asecond-orderregressionmodelwasthendeveloped,andtheanalysisofvariance(ANOVA)illustratedthattheproposedquadraticmodelcouldbeutilizedtonavigatethedesignspace.Thevalueofdeterminationcoefficient(R2=0.9534)indicatedasatisfactoryagreementbetweenthequadraticmodelandtheexperimentaldata.ItwasfoundthatDBTremovalwasmoresignificantlyaffected(P<0.0001)bysubstrateconcentrationcomparedwithotherthreeparameters.An100%degradationofDBTcouldbeobtainedbyPseudomonassp.LKY-5atasubstrateconcentrationof100mg/L.

简介：Thechloroformfumigation-incubationmethowasusedtomeasurthesoilmicrobialbiomassC(SMBC)andN(SMBN)in16loessialsoilssampledfromAnsai,YongshouandYanglinginShaanxiProvince.TheSMBContentsinthesoilsrangedfrom75.9to301.0μgCg^-1withanaverageof206.μgCg^-1,accountingfor1.36%-6.24%ofthetotalsoilorganicCwithanaverageof3.07%,andtheSMBNcontentsfrom0.51to68.40μgNg^-1withanaverageof29.4μgNg^-1,accountingfor0.20%-5.65%ofthetotalNinthesoilswithanaverageof3.36%.AcloserelationshipwasfoundbetweenSMBCandSMBN,andtheybothwerepositivelycorrelatedwithtotalorganicC,totalN,NaOHhydrolizableNandmineralizableN.Theseresultsconfirmedthasoilmicrobialbiomasshadacomparativeroleinnutrientcyclesofsoils.

简介：土壤drying-rewetting(DRW)事件影响滋养的转变和微生物引起的社区作文；然而，很少对在DRW事件期间弄干紧张的影响被知道。因此，我们在一个试验性的drying-rewetting事件期间与暴露分析了土壤营养素作文和微生物引起的社区到各种各样的弄干的紧张，用从北中国的一块草地的淤泥沃土，在半干旱的气候暴露土壤到大量潮湿条件的地方，并且草地占超过40%国家陆地区域。我们也进行了一个消毒实验检验土壤微生物的贡献到滋养的脉搏。土壤drying-rewetting减少了由9%-27%的碳(C)矿化作用。monosaccharide和矿物质氮(N)内容与更高弄干紧张增加了(弄干到10%gravimetric水内容)，与最高的弄干紧张随增加是204%和110%(弄干到2%gravimetric水内容)，分别地而易变的磷(P)仅仅增加了(在105%)与最高的弄干紧张。而且，微生物引起的生物资源C和N和溶解器官的N的层次与增加弄干紧张减少了并且分别地，而易变的P的增加不与在微生物引起的生物资源P的减小一致，随溶解器官的C和矿物质N的增加被相关。消毒实验结果显示微生物为C和N脉搏主要负责，而非微生物引起的因素是到易变的P脉搏的主要贡献者。Phospholipid丰满的酸分析显示土壤微生物对drying-rewetting事件高度抵抗并且干旱抵抗的组为滋养的转变可能负责。因此，现在的学习证明在drying-rewetting事件期间弄干的中等土壤能改进N，然而并非P的矿化作用，并且不同机制为C，N，和P脉搏负责，这在drying-rewetting期间观察了事件。

简介：Soilmacroinvertebratesarehighlydiverseandtheirmajorecologicalserviceincludebreakdownoforganicmatterandinturnimprovesoilfertilityandpill-millipedesarewell-knownfortheirsigni?cantroleiningestion,disintegrationanddecompositionoforganicmatterinsoil.Thisstudycharacterizedthefeed,thedecomposingleaflitterofcoconut(Cocosnucifera),andfaecesoftwoendemicgiantpill-millipedesArthrosphaeradistictaandA.fumosacollectedfromforestsoftheWesternGhatsofIndiabasedonchemicalfeaturesandmicrobialpro?le.Inbothmillipedes,electricconductivityandtotalphosphorusweresigni?cantlyincreasedinfaeces,whilethecrudeprotein,organiccarbon,totalnitrogenandtotalphenolicsweresigni?cantlydecreased,ascomparedtothoseinfeed.Heterotrophicbacteria,actinomycetes,rhizobiaandphosphate-solubilizingbacteriaweresigni?cantlyhigherinfaecesthaninfeed,while?lamentousfungiandyeastsubstantiallydecreasedinfacescomparedtofeedinboththemillipedes.Spectrumoffattyacidmethylesterswasconsiderablydifferentbetweenfeedandfaecesofboththemillipedes.Thetotalsaturatedfattyacidswerehigherthanthetotalunsaturatedfattyacidsinfeedaswellasfaeces,whiletheratioofunsaturated/saturatedfattyacidsdecreasedfromfeedtofaeces.DodecanoicandtetradecanoicacidsinA.distictaandoctadecanoicacidinA.fumosasigni?cantlyincreased,while(9Z)-octadec-9-enoicand(9E,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoicacidsinA.distictaandhexadecanoic,tetracosanoicand(9E,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoicacidsinA.fumosasigni?cantlydecreasedinfaecescomparedtofeed,indicatingmillipede-dependentchangesinfattyacids.Icosanoicacidwaspresentinfaecesofboththemillipedes,andhexadec-9-enoicacidwascon?nedtofaecesofA.disticta,whilepentadecanoic,heneicosanoic,(9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoicandeicosenoicacidswerecon?nedtofaecesofA.fumosa.Pill-millipedesenrichthesoilqualitybyleaflitterconditioningintheirgutthroughspeci?cmi

简介：