简介：TheunimolccularreactionsofammoniaoxideH3NO,isomerizationanddehydrogenation,areinvestigatedbyabinitioMOcalculationswiththe4-31Gbasisset.Thegeometriesandenergiesofthereactant,transitionstatesandproductshavebeendeterminedonthesingletpotentialenergysur-face.Thereactionergodographyalongtheintrinsicreactioncoordinate（IRC）forthetworeactionshavebeenperformed.ThevibrationalfrequencycorrelationdiagramofthetworeactionsareanalyzedalongtheIRC.

简介：有效的氨兆兆赫(THz)洞激光试验性地被报导。不同于象洞couplers和独立网孔couplers那样的过去的设计计划，在我们的系统，输入和输出couplers被扔镍制作ZnSe和高抵抗力的硅底层上的电容的金属性的网孔。因此couplers能不仅作为一个F-P振荡器被构造而且能是封上更容易执行排列的调整与的窗户被使用。为了提高THz激光，输出精力和光子变换效率，象泵紧张那样的主导的因素和煤气的压力试验性地被调查。最后，有在1.09kPa操作的90m波长(3.33THz)的氨激光的1.35mJ兆兆赫放射与9R(16)由402mJ茶CO2激光抽了线被产生，并且6.5%的光子变换效率被完成。

简介：Theexperimentalandnumericalinvestigationsoftheflowwithreactionoftwogases:hydrogenchlorideHClandammoniaNH3wereperformed.ThearticlecontainsdescriptionofthevisualisationmethodoftheformationandflowofparticlesofammoniachlorideNH4Cl.Analysesofmeanconcentrationandvarianceofconcentrationfluctuationsofdispersedphasewereperformedfordifferentoutputsofgases.Numericalcalculationswereperformedforanalysedphenomenon.Bothnumericalandvisualisationresutswerematchedandcompared.

简介：Thesurfaceofpolypropylene(PP)membranewasmodifiedbylowtemperatureplasmawithammonia.Theeffectofexposuretimewasinvestigatedbymeansofcontactanglemeasurement.Theresultsshowthatlowtemperatureammoniaplcsmatreatmentcanenhanceitshydrophilicity.Chinesehamsterovary(CHO)cellsattachmentonthemodifiedmembranewasenhancedandthegrowthrateonthemembranewasfasterthanunmodifiedone.

简介：NH^+4-N对吴郭鱼的24小时半致死浓度为41．39ppm，当水中NO^2--N浓度维持在6．4ppm时，对吴郭鱼24小时半致死浓度为44．58ppm。48小时半致死浓度为41．55ppm.当PH9．6时，对鲤鱼的24小时半致死浓度为6．02ppm，当PH为8．9时为8．57ppm，当PH8．2时为18．45ppm，PH8．0时为22．31ppm，PH7．S时为48．18ppm，PH7．0时则超过100ppm。

简介：Theetchingeffectofammonia(NH3)onthegrowthofverticallyalignednanotubes/nanofibers(CNTs)wasinvestigatedbydirect-currentplasmaenhancedchemicalvapordeposition(DC-PECVD).NH3gasetchesNicatalystlayertoformnanoscaleislandswhileNH3plasmaetchesthedepositedamorphouscarbon.BasedontheetchingeffectofNH3gasonNicatalyst,thedifferencesofgrowingbundlesofCNTsandsinglestrandCNTswerediscussed;specifically,theamountofoptimalNH3gasetchingisdifferentbetweenbundlesofCNTsandsinglestrandCNTs.IncontrasttotheCNTcarpetgrowth,thesinglestrandCNTgrowthrequiresshorteretchingtime(5min)thanlargecatalyticpatterns(10min)sincenanodotsalreadyformcatalystislandsforCNTgrowth.Throughremovingtheplasmapretreatmentprocess,thedamagefrombeingexposedathightemperaturesubstrateoccurringduringtheplasmagenerationtimeisminimized.Highresolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HTEM)showsfishbonestructureofCNTsgrownbyPECVD.

简介：Acompactammoniagassensorwithtwogaschambersisproposedinthispaper,whosecoresensingdeviceisaU-bendingmicroringresonator.Thewaveguidesofringpartandfeedbackpartinthisresonatoraremadeofsilicononinsulator(SOI)ridgewaveguidecoveredwithZnOnanocrystalswhicharesensitivetoammoniagas.Thesensorcanmeasuretwogroupsofgassamplessimultaneously.Bycomputersimulation,weobtaintheclearsensitivitycurvesoftwogaschambersinammoniasensorwhenthegasconcentrationincreasesfrom0to4‰.Thegasconcentrationsintwochamberscanbeobtainedfromoneoutputspectrum,whichsignificantlyreducesthematerialandtimeconsumption.

简介：Theeffectsofsamarium(Sm)oncarbon-methanationandcatalyticactivityoftheBa-Ru-K/AC(activecarbon)catalystforammoniasynthesiswereinvestigated.Theadditionofsamariumimprovedsignificantlytheactivityandstabilityofthecatalyst.Theresultsoftemperature-programmeddesorption(H2-TPD)andin-situ-TPSRFTIRindicatedthatsamariumimpededtheadsorptionofhydrogenonthecatalystsurface,thusleadingtothehighcatalyticactivityandresistancetocarbon-methanation.XRDpatternsreve...

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简介：Electrolysisofammoniainalkalineelectrolytesolutionwasappliedfortheproductionofhydrogen.BothPt-loadedNifoamandPt-IrloadedNifoamelectrodeswerepreparedbyelectrodepositionandservedasanodeandcathodeinammoniaelectrolyticcell,respectively.TheelectrochemicalbehaviorsofammoniainKOHsolutionwereindividuallyinvestigatedviacyclicvoltammetryonthreeelectrodes,i.e.bareNifoamelectrode,Pt-loadedNifoamelectrodeandPt-IrloadedNifoamelectrode.ThemorphologyandcompositionofthepreparedNifoamelectrodewereanalyzedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andX-raydiffraction(XRD).Effectsoftheconcentrationofelectrolytesolutionandtemperatureofelectrolyticcellontheelectrolysisreactionwereexaminedinordertoenhancetheefficiencyofammoniaelectrolysis.Thecompetitionofammoniaelectrolysisandwaterelectrolysisinthesamealkalinesolutionwasfirstlyproposedtoexplainthechangesofcellvoltagewiththeelectrolysisproceeding.Atvaryingcurrentdensities,differentcellvoltagescouldbeobtainedfromgalvanostaticcurves.Thelowcellvoltageof0.58V,whichislessthanthepracticalelectrolysisvoltageofwater(1.6V),canbeobtainedatacurrentdensityof2.5mA/cm2.Basedonsomeexperimentalparameters,suchastheappliedcurrent,theresultingcellvoltageandoutputofhydrogengas,thepowerconsumptionpergramofH2producedcanbeestimated.

简介：Nitrogen(N)applicationmayleadtonichesegregationofsoilammonia-oxidizingarchaea(AOA)andbacteria(AOB),therebyreducingthecompetitiveinteractionsbetweenAOAandAOBduetohigherammoniumsubstrateavailability.However,theadaptivemechanismsofAOAandAOBunderNenrichmentremainpoorlyunderstood.Stableisotopeprobing(SIP)microcosmincubationwasemployedtorevealcommunitychangesofactiveAOAandAOBinaloesssoilfromafieldexperimentgrowingpotatoesthatreceivednoN(control,CK),lowN(LN,75kgNha-1),andhighN(HN,375kgNha-1).Theresultsshowedthatthesoilpotentialnitrificationrate(PNR)wasmeasuredbyculturingofthesoilsamplesfromthefieldexperiment.SoilPNRwassignificantlyincreasedinHNby87.5%and67.5%comparedwithCKandLN,respectively.ComparedwithCK,the13C-amoAgenesofsoilAOAandAOBinHNhad2.58×104and1.55×106copies,representing1.6-and16.2-foldincreaserespectively.ItwasindicatedthatAOBdominatedsoilammoniaoxidation.Aphylogeneticanalysisofthe13C-amoAgeneshowedthatNapplicationsignificantlyincreasedtheproportionof54d9-likeAOAupto90%inHN,whiletheNitrososphaeragargensis-likeandNitrososphaeraviennensis-likeAOAwereinhibitedandcompletelydisappeared.NitrogenapplicationalsoresultedinthecommunityshiftofactiveAOB-dominantgroupfromNitrosospirabriensis-liketoNitrosospirasp.TCH711-like.OurstudyprovidescompellingevidencefortheemergenceandmaintenanceofactivenitrifyingcommunitiesundertheintensifiedNinputtoanagriculturalecosystem.

简介：我们进行了在沙的土壤和黏土变得在土壤侧面在表面水，通过来自稻地的挥发的氨的损失，大米生产，氮使用效率，和氮内容里在NH4+-N的集中上决定氮申请层次的效果的大米的地试用。表面水和通过挥发失去的氨的数量里的NH4+-N的集中与增加氮申请水平增加了，并且在氮申请以后在1-3d达到顶点。更少的氨比从沙的土壤从黏土经由挥发被失去。在氮申请不同取决于舞台以后，当它被使用时，氨的数量经由挥发输了，从最高的损失到最低：支持tillering的N申请>支持圆锥花序开始的第一N顶肥(在最后4叶阶段适用)>基础化肥>支持圆锥花序开始的第二N顶肥(在最后2叶阶段适用)。经由从黏土的挥发的氨的全部的损失是10.49-87.06kg/hm2，到氮的10.92%-21.76%的等价物适用。经由从沙的土壤的挥发的氨的全部的损失是11.32-102.43kg/hm2，到氮的11.32%-25.61%的等价物适用。在表面水里经由挥发和NH4+-N的集中失去的氨的数量在氮申请以后同时达到顶点；在tillering的两个都显示出的最大值与在他们之间的比率上演从23.76%～33.65%。随氮申请水平的增加，在植物的米饭生产和氮累积增加了，但是氮使用效率减少了。在植物的瑞斯生产和氮累积比在沙的土壤在黏土是稍微更高的。在土壤，氮内容在40-50厘米的深度是最低的。在任何特定的土壤层，土壤氮内容与增加氮申请增加了水平，和土壤氮内容比在沙的土壤在黏土是更高的。以氨挥发，当氮申请水平在种季节的米饭超过了250kg/hm2时，经由挥发失去的氨的数量显著地增加了。为米饭生产，然而，合适的氮申请水平是约300kg/hm2。因此，为高庄稼收益和环境保护考虑需要，适当的氮申请水平是处于这些条件的250-300kg/hm2。

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简介：TheSmBaCuMO5+δ(M=Fe,Co,Ni)(SBCM)powdersweresynthesizedbythecitratesol-gelmethodandthepowdersweresinteredtoceramicpellets.ThepowdersandsinteredceramicpelletswerecharacterizedwithXRD,TEMandSEMmeasurements.ThecathodecatalyticperformancesofSBCMceramicpelletsforammoniasynthesiswerestudiedfromwethydrogenanddrynitrogenatatmosphericpressureandlowtemperature,usingSBCMceramicpelletsascathode,Nafionprotonexchangemembraneaselectrolyte,Ni-Ce0.8Sm0....

简介：WiththerisingofIGCCandthesecondgenerationPFBC-CC,andwiththedevelopmentoftech-nologyofstagedcombustiontoloweremissionofNOx,thedesulfurizationefficiencyunderreducingatmosphereisraised.Inthispaper,withtheapplicationofthefly-ashrecycleandtwo-stagecombustiontechnologiesinafluidizedbedcombustor,thedesulfurizationtestunderreducingatmosphereisdescribed.Meanwhile,ammoniainjectiontestwasalsoconducted.Resultsshowthatdesulfurizationunderreducingatmospherehashigherefficiency,andamooniainjectiondenitrificationeffectisveryperfect.

简介：MicrometeorologicalandmicroplotexperimentswereconductedinthefieldoffreshlyharvestedgreencaneinQueensland,Australia.ResultsshowedthathighammonialossoffertilizerNcouldoccurunderrelativelydryconditionswhenureaorcommercialproductofmixtureofureaandmuriateofpotashwereappliedtothesurfaceofsugarcanetrash.ThemoisturecontentinthetrashandthepHoffertilizerweretwoimportantfactorscontrollingtheprocessesofureahydrolysisandammoniavolatilization.MostoftheNinthesoilwastransformedtothenitratel-nitritefromafter70daysoffertilizerapplication.Nosignificantleachingwasfound.Urea-freeNfertilizershadhigherNrecoveriescomparedtourea-containingfertilizers.

简介：氨(NH3)挥发在土壤headspace是在碱的土壤，和NH3集中的氮损失的重要小径之一直接与NH3挥发被连接。氨被Fourier变换描绘中间红外线的photoacoustic光谱学(FTIR舞步)和在8501200厘米1的区域的二个典型吸收乐队被观察，它能在土壤headspace被用于NH3集中的预言。从诺思中国的碱的土壤在三个授精处理(没有N输入(CK)的控制，脲和涂的脲)下面涉及土壤孵化，壶和地实验。在土壤headspace的氨集中在每个实验被决定。在土壤孵化实验，NH3排出物被N输入开始，在白天2上到达了最高的集中，并且减少了到在在8d以后的CK测量了的水平，与在与涂的脲处理相比的脲处理的显著地更高的NH3排出物，特别在开始的4d期间。在壶实验的土壤headspace的NH3集中在孵化实验作为那显示出类似的动力学；然而，在在地实验的土壤headspace的NH3集中孵化和壶实验与那些表明了一个显著地不同的排放模式，并且为NH3集中有4-d延期。因此，在孵化的NH3集中和壶实验不能直接被用来象土壤温度和土壤骚乱一样在授精方法和申请率由于差别在这块地里为真实NH3排放建模。在控制版本的授精和参与以后在第二个星期内点亮灌溉，这被推荐涂的脲能被用来显著地减少从NH3挥发的观点的N损失。

简介：Anewwatersolublesurfacefilm-formingmaterialwasdevelopedanditseffectonreducingammoniavolatilizationfromanalkalinesolutionwasinvestigatedinlaboratory,Resultsshowedthatthenewfilmformedbythematerialwasnotonlymoreeffectiveinreducingammonialossthananyotherfilmstestedbutalsomuchcheaper.Theoptimumamountofadditionofthenewfilm-formingmaterialwasabout10timesthetheoreticalamounttoformamonomolecularfilm.Undertheexperimentalconditions,thenewfilmcouldeffectivelydepresstheammoniavolatilizationforatleast6days.Thecumulativeammonialossratesfordifferentfilmswerefittedtoasimplelogisticequation,andsomeimportantparameterssuchasthecumulativeloss,andthemaximumandaveragevolatilizationrateswerecalculated.Theeffectofdifferentfilmscouldbe,therefore,comparedquantitatively,indicatingthenewfilmwasmosteffectiveindepressingammoniavolatilization.

简介：氨氧化在海洋的沉积在氮周期起一个重要作用。氧化氨的archaea(AOA)和betaproteobacteria的季节、空间的分发(在来自华东海(ECS)的表面沉积的-AOB)用氨monooxygenase子单元(amoA)被调查基因。为了描绘AOA和-AOB,的社区，即时量的聚合酶链反应(qPCR)在这研究被执行，与环境参数一起。许多-AOBamoA基因(cDNA的快速的扩大结束的2.17d(种族)联系了基因获得三热压力回答的全身的序列：(1)热吃惊蛋白质70(OvHSP70)，(2)热吃惊抄写因素(OvHSF)，并且(3)O的热吃惊因素绑定蛋白质(OvHSBP)。vulgaris。OvHSP70，OvHSF，和OvHSBP蛋白质包含了2222bp，2264bp，分别地为635，458和90氨基酸编码了的841bp。多重顺序排列的结果证明OvHSP70的氨基酸序列高度关于另外的种类被保存。同样，謔?謔？？

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