简介：Astrainofyeast,whichcanendurehighosmoticpressure,isemployedforthesensitivematerialofthemicrobialBODsensor.Twoimmobilizationmethodsareused,I.e.CalciumalginategelbeadsandPVAgelbeads.TheresultsshowthatthePVAgelbeadsisbetter.TheinfluencesofosmosisandheavymetalionsontheyeastentrappedinthePVAgelbeadsarealsostudiedintheexperiment.

简介：Thedynamicmicrocosmswereusedtoevaluatetheeffectofoilspillsonmicrobialecologicalsysteminmarinesedimentandtheenhancementofnutrientontheoilremoval.ThefunctionandstructureofmicrobialcommunitycausedbytheoilpollutionandphosphatedosageweresimultaneouslymonitoredbydehydrogenaseactivityassayandPCR-denaturinggradientgelelectrophoresis(DGGE)techniques.Theresultsindicatedthattheamountoftotalbacteriainalldynamicmicrocosmsdeclinedrapidlywithincubationtime.Thenumberofpetroleum-degradingbacteriaandtheactivityofsedimentdehydrogenaseweregraduallyenhancedbypetroleumintheoil-treatedmicrocosms,whiletheybothshowednoobviousresponsetophosphatedosage.Incomparison,phosphatespikedheterotrophicbacteriaandtheyshowedasignificantincreaseinamount.DGGEprofilesindicatedthatpetroleumdosagegreatlychangedcommunitystructure,andthebacteriabelongedtoclassDeltaproteobacteria,andphylaBacteroidetesandChlorobiwereenriched.Thisstudydemonstratedthatpetroleuminputgreatlyimpactedthemicrobialcommunitystructureandconsequentlythemarinesedimentpetroleum-degradingactivitywasenhanced.Phosphatedosagewouldmultiplyheterotrophicbacteriabutnotsignificantlyenhancethepetroleumdegradation.

简介：TheTaixinanBasinisoneofthemostpotentialgashydratebearingareasintheSouthChinaSeaandabundantgashydrateshavebeendiscoveredduringexpeditionin2013.Inthisstudy,geochemicalandmicrobialmethodsarecombinedlyusedtocharacterizethesedimentsfromashallowpistonCoreDH_CL_11(gashydratefree)andagashydrate-bearingdrillingCoreGMGS2-16inthisbasin.Geochemicalanalysesindicatethatanaerobicoxidationofmethane(AOM)whichisspeculatedtobelinkedtotheongoinggashydratedissociationistakingplaceinCoreDH_CL_11atdeep.ForCoreGMGS2-16,AOMrelatedtopastepisodesofmethaneseepagearesuggestedtodominateduringitsdiageneticprocess;whiletherelativelyenrichedδ18Obulk-sedimentvaluesindicatethatmethaneinvolvedinAOMmightbereleasedfromthe'episodicdissociation'ofgashydrate.MicrobialanalysesindicatethatthepredominantphylainthebacterialcommunitiesareFirmicutesandProteobacteria(GammaproteobacteriaandEpsilonproteobacteria),whilethedominanttaxainthearchaealcommunitiesareMarine_Benthic_Group_B(MBGB),Halobacteria,Thermoplasmata,Methanobacteria,Methanomicrobia,GroupC3andMCG.Underparallelexperimentaloperations,comparabledominantmembers(FirmicutesandMBGB)arefoundinthepistonCoreDH_CL_11andthenearsurfacelayerofthelongdrillingCoreGMGS2-16.Moreover,thesemembershavebeenfoundpredominantinotherknowngashydratebearingcores,andthedominantofMBGBhasevenbeenfoundsignificantlyrelatedtogashydrateoccurrence.Therefore,ahighpossibilityfortheexistingofgashydrateunderlyingCoreDH_CL_11isinferred,whichisconsistentwiththegeochemicalanalyses.Inall,combinedgeochemicalandmicrobiologicalanalysesaremoreinformativeincharacterizingsedimentsfromgashydrate-associatedareasintheSouthChinaSea.

简介：Cathodeactivityplaysanimportantroleintheimprovementofthemicrobialfuelcellsonoceanfloor(BMFCs).AcomparisonstudybetweenRayon-based(CF-R)andPAN-basedcarbonfiber(CF-P)cathodesisconductedinthepaper.Thetwocarbonfiberswereheattreatedtoimprovecellperformance(CF-R-H&CF-P-H),andwereusedtobuildanewBMFCsstructurewithafoamycarbonanode.Themaximumpowerdensitywas112.42mWm-forCF-R-H,followedby66.6mWm-2forCF-R,49.7mWm-2forCF-P-Hand21.6mWm-2forCF-Prespectively.ThehigherspecificareaanddeepgroovemakeCF-RhaveabetterpoweroutputthanwithCF-P.Meanwhile,heattreatmentofcarbonfibercanimprovecellpower,nearlytwo-foldhigherthanheattreatmentofplainfiber.Thisimprovementmaybeduetothequinonesgroupformationtoacceleratethereductionofoxygenandelectrontransferonthefibersurfaceinthethreephaseboundaryafterheattreatment.ComparedtoPAN-basedcarbonfiber,Rayon-basedcarbonfiberwouldbepreferentiallyselectedascathodeinnovelBMFCsdesignduetoitshighsurfacearea,lowcostandhigherpower.Thecomparisonresearchissignificantforcathodematerialselectionandcelldesign.