简介：在这研究，我们描述从蚊子疟蚊属stephensi孤立的ribosomalproteinS7基因的部分genomic组织。开始558bp部分cDNAsequence作为长包含223bp的先锋信使rna顺序被放大intron。5''和3''结束序列用cDNA的特定的快速的扩大结束的结束(种族)被恢复聚合酶链反应。全身的cDNA顺序与能够长编码192氨基酸的一个开的读物框架长是914核苷酸有22174Da和pI的计算分子的质量的蛋白质点of9.94。蛋白质相同搜索揭示了>75%身份到另外的昆虫“sS7ribosomal蛋白质。顺序排列的分析揭示了几个高度保存的领域，其一个与原子本地化有关是人的rpS7的信号(NLS)区域。有趣地，有A的intron核苷酸顺序比较。gambiae作为与编码anduntranslated区域相比显示出保存的更小的度。象这一样，早在genomic组织和分析(EST)能在A的染色体注解帮助的cDNA/Expressedsequence标签上学习。stephensi，并且将可能以后被定序。

简介：从古巴的蝎子Rhopalurusjunceus表示昆虫选择的神经毒素(RjAa17f)的recombinantHelicoverpaarmigeranucleopolyhedrovirus(HearNPV)被用红相应再结合系统代替UDP-glucosyltransferase基因(egt)构造。另一egt删除了控制HearNPV被把egfp基因插入到egt地点以一个类似的方法构造。一步舞病毒的生长曲线和病毒的DNA复制曲线分析证实再结合没在宿主细胞影响病毒的生长和DNA复制。在在RjAa17f-HearNPV，Egfp-HearNPV和HZ8-HearNPV之间的吸藏身体形态发生没有可辨别的差别，它被传播电子显微镜学分析证实。然而，RjAa17f-HearNPV的杀虫的活动对第三中间形态H被提高。armigera幼虫根据毒力比较上的生物鉴定。在中部的致命的剂量有戏剧的减小(56.9%)(LD50)并且另外在中部的幸存时间的减小(13.4%)(为与HZ8-HearNPV相比的recombinantRjAa17f-HearNPV的圣50)，但是当Egfp-HearNPV与HZ8-HearNPV相比时，仅仅在LD50的27.5%减小和在圣50的10.1%减小珍视。每日的食谱消费分析证明RjAa17f-HearNPV能禁止减HearNPV与egt相比喂的感染的幼虫。这些结果证明这新奇recombinantRjAa17f-HearNPV能对它的主人昆虫改进杀虫的效果，RjAa17f能是另外的recombinantbaculovirus构造的一个可观的候选人。

简介：MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是他们在植物和动物的目标基因的重要post-transcriptional管理者。miRNAs通常长是20-24核苷酸。尽管有他们的不平常地小的尺寸，miRNA基因家庭的进化历史似乎类似于编码theirprotein对应物。与在动物染色体的小却丰富的miRNA家庭相对照，植物有少数但是更大的miRNA基因家庭。植物miRNA基因家庭的成员经常是高度类似的，建议经由双人脚踏车基因复制和部分复制事件的最近的扩大。尽管许多miRNA基因越过植物种类被保存，一样的基因家庭在不同种类在尺寸和genomic组织显著地变化，它可以在目标基因规定引起剂量效果和空间、时间的差别。在这评论，我们在理解植物miRNA基因家庭的进化总结当前的进步。

简介：Duetoconcernsregardingtheoverlappingfiguresinthisreviewthatareidenticaltothosecontainedinareviewarticlethatwehaveco-authoredandpublishedearlier,weretracttheabovepaperwepublishedinCellResearch.Weapologizeforanyconfusionthatmaybecausedbythismatter,althoughwestandbythescientificcontentscontainedintheCellResearchpaper.

简介：Asearlyas2000yearsago,ancientChinesemedicalrecordshaddescribedtherelationshipbetweendiseasesandappearanceindetail.Moreover,modernmedicinehasalsoconstantlystudiedtherelationshipbetweenfacialfeaturesandhealthinevolutionaryterms.Itiswellknownthatmanyhereditarydiseasesinvolvecertainabnormalfacialfeaturesandgenemutations.Thetumorisalsoconsideredasgeneticdisordertosomeextent,sowhatistherelationshipbetweencancergeneticsandcongenitaldevelopmentoffacialfeatures?Here,wereviewedsomecluestotheappearance-gene-tumorrelation,whichmightbecomethetargetsintheearlypreventionorgenetherapyofcancerinthefuture.Thissummaryprovidedusanewstrategyforthecancergeneticscreeningandanewresearchdirectionforgeneticdiagnosisofthepotentialdisease.

简介：Thehomeobox(Hox)genesformanevolutionarilyconservedfamilyencodingtranscriptionfactorsthatplaymajorrolesinsegmentalidentityandorganspecificationacrossspecies.ThecanonicalgroupingofHoxgenespresentintheHOM-CclusterofDrosophilaorrelatedclustersinotherorganismsincludeseight"typical"genes,whicharelocalizedintheorderlabial(lab),proboscipedia(pb),Deformed(Dfd),Sexcombsreduced(Scr),Antennapedia(Antp),Ultrabithorax(Ubx),abdominalA(abdA),andAbdominalB(AbdB).ThemembersofHoxclusterareexpressedinadistinctanteriortoposteriororderintheembryo.AnalysisoftherelatednessofdifferentmembersoftheHoxgeneclustertoeachotherinfourevolutionarilydiverseinsecttaxarevealedthatthelocipb/DfdandAbdB,whicharefarthestapartinlinkage,hadahighdegreeofevolutionaryrelatedness,indicatingthatpb/DfdtypeanteriorgenesandAbdBareclosesttotheancestralanteriorandposteriorHoxgenes,respectively.ThegreaterrelatednessofotherposteriorgenesUbxandabdAtothemoreanteriorgenessuchasAntpandScrsuggestedthattheyarosebygeneduplicationsinthemoreanteriormembersratherthantheposteriorAbdB.

简介：<正>Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia(APL)hasbeenattractingawideinterestfarbeyondhematologicalfieldinthelastdozenyearsduetothepresenceofspecificchromosometranlocationsandclinicalresponsibilitytoall-transretinoicacid(ATRA)bydifferentiationinductionaswellastoarsenictrioxide(ATO).Most(>95%)APLpatientscarryspecificchromosometranslocationt(15;17),whichleadstodiscoveryofPMLgeneonchromosome15.SuchatranslocationcausesthefusionofPMLtoretinoicacidreceptor-alpha

简介：Nanogproteinisexpressedintheinteriorcellsofcompactedmorulaeandmaintainedtillepiblastsbutdownregulatedbyimplantationstage.Itisalsoexpressedinembryonicstemcells,embryoniccarcinomacellsandembryonicgermcellsbutdisappearedindifferentiatedEScells.Inthisstudy,wehaveisolated,sequenced,andperformedthefirstcharacterizationoftheNanogpromoter.Thetranscriptionstartsitesweremappedbyprimerextensionanalysis.TwopromoterregionswerefoundupstreamthetranscriptionstartsitesandtheexpressionofmajorNanogpromoter/reportergeneconstructisabolishedindifferentiatedF9ECcellsascomparedtotheundifferentiatedcounterpart.Wealsoshowedthataputativeoctamermotif(ATGCAAAA)isnecessaryforthemajorpromoteractivity.GelshiftandsupershiftassaysshowedthatOct-1,Oct-4andOct-6proteinselectivelybindtotheoctamermotif.

简介：Withthedevelopmentofgenomesequencingformanyorganisms,moreandmorerawsequencesneedtobeannotated.Genepredictionbycomputationalmethodsforfindingthelocationofproteincodingregionsisoneoftheessentialissuesinbioinformatics.Twoclassesofmethodsaregenerallyadopted:similaritybasedsearchesandabinitioprediction.Here,wereviewthedevelopmentofgenepredictionmethods,summarizethemeasuresforevaluatingpredictorquality,highlightopenproblemsinthisarea,anddiscussfutureresearchdirections.

简介：obtainaninitialoverviewofgenediversityandexpressionpatterninporcinethymus,11,712ESTs(ExpressedSequenceTags)from100-day-oldporcinethymus(FTY)weresequencedand7,071cleanedESTswereusedforgeneexpressionanalysis.ClusteredbythePHRAPprogram,959contigsand3,074singletswereobtained.Blastsearchshowedthat806contigsand1,669singlets(totally5,442ESTs)hadhomologuesinGenBankand1,629ESTswerenovel.AccordingtotheGeneOntologyclassification,36.99%ESTswerecatalogedintothegeneexpressiongroup,indicatingthatalthoughthefunctionalgene(18.78%indefensegroup)ofthymusisexpressedinacertaindegree,the100-day-oldporcinethymusstillexistsinadevelopmentalstage.Comparativeanalysisshowedthatthegeneexpressionpatternofthe100-day-oldporcinethymusissimilartothatofthehumaninfantthymus.

简介：Microarray数据基于肿瘤诊断是在生物信息学的一个很有趣的话题。关键问题之一是一个肿瘤的增进知识的基因的发现和分析。尽管解决这个问题有许多精致的途径，仅仅与microarray数据为肿瘤诊断选择增进知识的基因的一个合理集合仍然是困难的。在这份报纸，我们分类经由敏感对手惩罚了竞争学习的距离(DSRPCL)通过microarray数据表示进很多簇的基因算法然后在支持向量机器(SVM)的帮助下检测增进知识的基因簇或集合。而且，批评或强大的增进知识的基因能在获得的增进知识的基因簇上通过进一步的分类和察觉被发现。它是我们的建议DSRPCL-SVM途径为肿瘤诊断导致增进知识的基因的一种合理选择的冒号，白血病，和乳癌数据集的实验表明的井。

简介：Carotenepigmentsinflowersandfruitsaredistinctfeaturesrelatedtofitnessadvantagessuchasattractinginsectsforpollinationandbirdsforseeddispersal.Inpapaya,thefleshcolorofthefruitisconsideredaqualitytraitthatcorrelateswithnutritionalvalueandislinkedtoshelf-lifeofthefruit.Toelucidatethecarotenoidbiosynthesispathwayinpapaya,wetookacandidategeneapproachtoclonethelycopeneβ-cyclasegene,LCY-B.ApapayaLCY-Bortholog,cpLCY-B,wassuccessfullyidentifiedfrombothcDNAandbacterialartificialchromosome(BAC)librariesandcompletegenomicsequencewasobtainedfromthepositiveBACincludingthepromoterregion.ThiscpLCY-Bshared80%aminoacididentitywithcitrusLCY-B.However,fullgenomicsequencesfrombothyellow-andred-fleshedpapayawereidentical.Quantitativereal-timePCR(qPCR)revealedsimilarlevelsofexpressionatsixdifferentmaturingstagesoffruitsforbothyellow-andred-fleshedgenotypes.FurtherexpressionanalysesofcpLCY-Bshowedthatitsexpressionlevelswereseven-andthree-foldhigherinleavesand,respectively,flowersthaninfruits,suggestingthatcpLCY-Bisdown-regulatedduringthefruitripeningprocess.

简介：Majoradvanceshavebeenmadeoverthelastdecadeinourunderstandingofthemolecularbasisofseveralcardiacconditions.Hypertrophiccardiomyopathy(HCM)wasthefirstcardiacdisorderinwhichageneticbasiswasidentifiedandassuch,hasactedasaparadigmforthestudyofaninheritedcardiacdisorder.HCMcanresultinclinicalsymptomsrangingfromnosymptomstosevereheartfailureandprematuresuddendeath.HCMisthecommonestcauseofsuddendeathinthoseagedlessthan35years,includingcompetitiveathletes.Atleasttengeneshavenowbeenidentified,defectsinwhichcauseHCM.Allofthesegenesencodeproteinswhichcomprisethebasiccontractileunitoftheheart,i.e.thesarcomere.Whilemuchisnowknownaboutwhichgenescausediseaseandthevariousclinicalpresentations,verylittleisknownabouthowthesegenedefectscausedisease,andwhatfactorsmodifytheexpressionofthemutantgenes.StudiesinbothcellcultureandanimalmodelsofHCMarenowbeginningtoshedlightonthesignallingpathwaysinvolvedinHCM,andtheroleofbothenvironmentalandgeneticmodifyingfactors.Understandingthesemechanismswillultimatelyimproveourknowledgeofthebasicbiologyofheartmusclefunction,andwillthereforeprovidenewavenuesfortreatingcardiovasculardiseaseinman.

简介：基因治疗为癌症的治疗提供一条新途径。编码immunostimulatorycytokines的基因的转移与显著成功被使用了在动物消除癌症。然而，在有这策略的病人的临床的试用限制了功效。因此，基因转移向量系统的改进是必要的。混合病毒的向量，与鼠科的IL-12或记者LacZ基因由SFVreplicon组成，被构造。这混合向量在vitro并且在vivo在HCC显示出表示的特性和高水平。在一个老鼠orthotropic肝肿瘤模型，没有伴随毒性，由有mIL-12基因的混合向量的确定的肿瘤的治疗导致了一项强壮的反肿瘤活动。随后，助手依赖者侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌包含mifepristone(RU486)的向量可诱导的系统被构造为控制并且人的interleukin的肝特定的表示12(hIL-12)(HD-Ad/RUhIL-12)并且鼠标IL-12(mIL-12)(HD-Ad/RUmIL-12)。数据证明hIL-12的高、支撑的浆液层次能被继续RU486的管理达到每12或24h。hIL-12的重复正式就职能被获得在上，至少在HD-Ad/RUhIL-12的单个注射以后的48个星期的一个时期。肝转移与的处理HD-Ad/RUmIL-12，正RU846在所有动物导致了完全的肿瘤回归。然后，不同cytokine基因被插入到有条件的replicative侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌向量(也叫的oncolytic侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌)。在肿瘤房间的侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌的复制将杀死肿瘤房间和版本病毒，它感染包围肿瘤房间。由oncolytic侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌的cytopathic效果和transgene的生物效果的联合将施加强壮的反肿瘤活动。向量的这些新类型可以为癌症基因治疗提供一个有势力和安全工具。

简介：

简介：CT120,anovelmembrane-associatedgeneimplicatedinlungcarcinogenesis,waspreviouslyidentifiedfromchromosome17pl3.3locus,ahotmutationspotinvolvedinhumanmalignancies.Inthepresentstudy,wefurtherdeterminedthatCT120ectopicexpressioncouldpromotecellproliferationactivityofNIH3T3cellsusingMTSassay,andmonitoredthedownstreameffectsofCT120inNIH3T3cellswithAtlasmousecDNAexpressionarrays.Among588knowngenes,133geneswerefoundtobeupregulatedordownregulatedbyCT120.Twomajorsignalingpathwaysinvolvedincellproliferation,cellsurvivalandanti-apoptosiswereoverexpressedandactivatedinresponsetoCT120:OneistheRaf/MEK/ErksignalcascadesandtheotheristhePI3K/Aktsignalcascades,suggestingthatCT120mightcontribute,atleastinpart,totheconstitutivelyactivationofErkandAktinhumanlungcanercells.Inaddition,sometumormetastasisassociatedgenescathepsinB,cathepsinD,cathepsinL,MMP-2/TIMP-2werealsoupregulatedbyCT120,uponwhichCT120mightbeinvolvedintumorinvasivenessandmetastasis.Inaddition,CT120mightplayanimportantroleintumorprogressionthroughmodulatingtheexpressionofsomecandidate“LungTumorProgression”genesincludingB-Raf,Rab-2,BAX,BAG-1,YB-1,andCdc42.

简介：WeclonedcDNAsforXenopusaldolasesA,BandC.Thesethreealdolasegenesarelocalizedondifferentchromosomesasasinglecopygene.Intheadult,thealdolaseAgeneisexpressedextensivelyinmuscletissues,whereasthealdolaseBgeneisexpressedstronglyinkidney,liver,stomachandintestine,whilethealdolaseCgeneisexpressedinbrain,heartandovary.InoocytesaldolaseAandCmRNAs,butnotaldolaseBmRNA,areextensivelytranscribed.Thus,aldolaseAandCmRNAs,butnotBmRNA,occurabundantlyineggsasmaternalmRNAs,andstrongexpressionofaldolaseBmRNAisseenonlyafterthelateneurulastage.WeconcludethataldolaseAandCmRNAsaremajoraldolasemRNAsinearlystagesofXenopusembryogenesiswhichproceedsutilizingyolkastheonlyenergysource,aldolaseBmRNA,ontheotherhand,isexpressedonlylaterindevelopmentintissueswhicharerequiredfordietaryfructosemetabolism.WealsoisolatedtheXenopusaldolaseCgenomicgene(ca.12kb)andfoundthatitspromoter(ca.2kb)containsregionsnecessaryfortissue-specificexpressionandalsoaGCrichregionwhichisessentialforbasaltranscriptionalactivity.

简介：Sincepigisanimportantlivestockspeciesworldwide,itsgeneexpressionhasbeeninvestigatedintensively,butrarelyinbrain.Inordertostudygeneexpressionprofilesinthepigcentralnervoussystem,wesequencedandanalyzed43,122highquality5′endexpressedsequencetags(ESTs)fromporcinecerebellum,cortexcerebrum,andbrainstemcDNAlibraries,involvingseveraldifferentprenatalandpostnataldevelopmentalstages.TheinitialESTswereassembledinto16,101clustersandcomparedtoproteinandnucleicaciddatabasesinGenBank.Ofthesesequences,30.6%clustersmatchedproteindatabasesandrepresentedfunctionknownsequences;75.1%hadsignificanthitstonucleicaciddatabasesandpartialrepresentedknownfunction;73.3%matchedknownporcineESTs;and21.5%hadnomatchestoanyknownsequencesinGenBank.WeusedthecategoriesdefinedbytheGeneOntologytosurveygeneexpressionintheporcinebrain.

简介：Thebindingofnuclearproteinspreparedfrommouseerythroidtissueindifferentdevelopmentalstagestothe5'-flankingregulatoryelementsofhumanβ-globingene,twonegativecontrolregions(NCR1,-610to-490bp;NCR2,-338,to-233bp),wasidentified.TwostagespecificproteinfactorscorrespondingtoembryonicandfetalstageswerefoundtobecapableofbindingtoNCR2.Thesedataprovidedevidencethatthecisactingelementsofthe5'-flankingregionmightbeinvolvedinthedevelopmentalcontrolofβ-globingeneandNCR2mightberesponsibleinartforthesilenceofβ-glolbingeneintheembryonicandfetalstages.

简介：Microarraytechnologycanbeemployedtoquantitativelymeasuretheexpressionofthousandsofgenesinasingleexperiment.Ithasbecomeoneofthemaintoolsforglobalgeneexpressionanalysisinmolecularbiologyresearchinrecentyears.Thelargeamountofexpressiondatageneratedbythistechnologymakesthestudyofcertaincomplexbiologicalproblemspossible,andmachinelearningmethodsareexpectedtoplayacrucialroleintheanalysisprocess.Inthispaper,wepresentourresultsfromintegratingtheself-organizingmap(SOM)andthesupportvectormachine(SVM)fortheanalysisofthevariousfunctionsofzebrafishgenesbasedontheirexpression.Themostdistinctivecharacteristicofourzebrafishgeneexpressionisthatthenumberofsamplesofdifferentclassesisimbalanced.WediscusshowSOMcanbeusedasadata-filteringtooltoimprovetheclassificationperformanceoftheSVMonthisdataset.