简介：ispaperestablishesaformalmodelforhybriddiagnosis,novelfeaturesincluding:(1)Itprovidesaunifiedtheoreticalframeworkforutilizingdevicemodelsandheuristicsindiagnosis,whichnaturallyintegratesalltheimportantcomponentsofdiagnosis-thestructuralandbehavioraldescriptionofdevices,faultmodes,thelowerandupperfaultbounds,faultpossibilitiesandheuristicrules-intoadiagnosticsystem.Devicemodelspredictoutputsfrominputs,heuristicrulesinferthepossibilitiesofcertaincomponentsbeingfaultyfromsymptons,andyetthecombinationofbothconstrainseachotherforustoreducethehypothesisspace.(2)Itpresentsatypicalwayofmodelingbehaviorofdevices,towhichthekeyistheintroductionofI-Ofunctionswithindefiniteinputs/outputs.(3)Itcaneasilybeimplementedoveraforware-chaininginferenceengine.

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简介：AbstractIntraamniotic infection (IAI) or chorioamnionitis is a common cause of preterm birth and may cause adverse neonatal outcomes, including neonatal pneumonia, respiratory distress, meningitis, sepsis, and death. Maternal morbidities from intraamniotic infection include dysfunctional labor requiring increased intervention, cesarean birth, postpartum uterine atony with hemorrhage, endometritis, peritonitis, sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome and, rarely, death. Chorioamnionitis can result from an ascending infection, iatrogenic causes or transplacental passage from maternal blood-borne infections. The clinical findings of chorioamnionitis include maternal fever (≥38 °C), maternal (>100 beats per minute) and/or fetal tachycardia (>160 beats per minute), maternal leukocytosis on complete blood count (>15 000 cells/mm3), and uterine tenderness and/or purulent and/or foul-smelling amniotic fluid. The management of chorioamnionitis mainly includes antibiotic therapy and delivery. Women with previable preterm premature rupture of membranes should be offered realistic counseling from a multidisciplinary approach. The separation of the mother and the fetus to preserve the life of the mother should prioritize delivery methods that result in a living fetus if possible, with appropriate neonatal resuscitation available.

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简介：Assessmentofanacutelypoisondepatientfollowstheestablisedclinicalmethod(Figure1):

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简介：Severaldynamictestswithvasoactivedrugsareavailableforevaluatingpenilevascularinflowsandoutflows,rangingfromsimplepharmacologictesttomoreinvasiveradiologicsets.However,thereisstillnoperfectsingletesttoreflectthepenilevascularflow.Allpossibleeffortsshouldbeexertedtogetthegreatesterectileeffecttoavoidanunderestimationofbloodflowtothecorporaduetoincompleterelaxationofthetrabecularsmoothmuscle.Appreciationofthetypeandfrequencyofanatomicalvariationsandpotentialcollateralroutesisimportantininterpretingpenilearterogramsandmevaluatingthehemodynamicsignificanceofsuspectedarterialdisease.Choiceofthevasculartestsshouldalwaysdependonthepurposeoftesting.(AsianJAndrol1999Jun;1:37-43)

简介：Basedonexperimentmodalanalysis(EMA)andoperationmodalanalysis(OMA),thedynamiccharacteristicsofcylindricalgrindingmachineweremeasuredandprovidedabasisforfurtherfailureanalysis.Theinfluencesofgrindingparametersondynamiccharacteristicswerestudiedbyanalyzingthediagnosticsignalsextractedfromracingandgrindingexperiments.Thesignificantfrequencyof38Hzrelatedtogrindingwheelspindlespeedof2307r/minshowedthatthewheelspindlesystemwasinastateofimbalan...

简介：ＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＳＡＮＤＴＲＥＡＴＭＥＮＴＯＦＭＵＬＴＩＰＬＥＰＲＩＭＡＲＹＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＳＺｈａｎｇＳｈｕａｎｇｍｉｎ张双民ＭａＳｏｎｇｚｈａｎｇ马颂章ＹａｎｇＤａｌａｉ杨大来ＣｈｅｎＳｈｕｇｕａｎｇ陈曙光ＹａｎｇＣｈｕｎｍｉｎｇ杨春明Ｓｏｎ...

简介：Computedtomography(CT),ultrasonography,sialography,and99mTcscintigraphywereappliedbeforeoperationto108patientswithparotidmasses.Theresultsofeachtechniqueandthecombinedstudyofthemwerecomparedwiththepathologicaldiagnosis.Ultrasonographywasfoundtobeaveryeffectivediagnosticaidindeterminingthepresenceofspace-occupyinglesionintheparotid.CTwasthebesttechniquetoprovideadequatelyreliableinformationsregardingthelocationofthetumorandtherelationshipbetweentumorandsurroundingtissues.Fordiagnosingthenatureoftumors,ultrasonographycombinedwithsialographywasreliable.99mTcscintigraphywasbetterthanothertechniquesindiagnosisofadenolymphoma.Thediagnosticaccuracyofcombineddiagnosis(90.7%)washigherthanthoseofultrasonography(83%),CT(80.5%),sialography(79%),and99mTcscintigraphy(13.9%)alone.Theadvantageofcombineddiagnosiswasparticularlyobviousforthediagnosisoflow-grademalignanttumors.

简介：AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of endocrine hypertension. The diagnostic process of PA includes a screening test, confirmatory test, and subtype classification. In this review, we have summarized the latest advances in the diagnosis of PA with regard to screening and confirmatory tests and provided some recommendations to improve clinical practice.

简介：客观：研究诊断和渗透肛门直肠的创伤的有效治疗。方法：回顾的分析在从1985～2004渗透肛门直肠的创伤的16种情况中被做。肛门直肠、膀胱的创伤，烘便、尿的溪流的有效转向和足够的presacral排水的清创术和缝术在所有情况中被执行。结果：所有16个盒子被治好。在他们之中，有在presacral空间的感染的2个盒子被足够的排水在操作以后治好，在肛门括约肌失败地被修理以后，一个盒子被第二等的修理治好并且有书籍的右页的一个盒子膀胱的管与保守治疗被治好。任何一个都没他们受不了象肛门狭窄那样的复杂并发症，尿痛orimportence等等。结论：为渗透肛门直肠的创伤，到主人，伴随物的早识别伤害，到精选适当外科的干预，加强perioperativetreatment是钥匙改进药品效果。

简介：VanAndelResearchInstitute(VARI)investigatorsworkingincollaborationwithClevelandClinicresearchershavedeterminedthattwotypesofkidneytumorspreviouslythoughttobedifferentdiseasesareactuallyvariationsofthesamedisease.Thisfindingwillhelpdoctorstomoreaccuratelydiagnosethediseaseinpatients,anddemonstratestheimpor-tanceofusingmoleculardatatodiagnosecanceringeneral.

简介：Endoscopicultrasonography-guidedfine-needleaspiration（EUS-FNA）hasbeenappliedtopancreaticobiliarylesionssincethe1990sandisinwidespreadusethroughouttheworldtoday.Weusedthismethodtoconfirmthepathologicalevidenceofthepancreaticobiliarylesionsandtoperformsuitabletherapies.ComplicationsofEUS-FNAarequiterare,butsomeofthemaresevere.OperatorsshouldmasterconventionalEUSobservationandexperienceaminimumof20-30casesofsupervisedEUS-FNAonnon-pancreaticandpancreaticlesionsbeforeattemptingsoloEUSFNA.StudiesconductedonpancreaticobiliaryEUSFNAhavefocusedonselectionofsuitableinstruments（e.g.,needleselection）andsamplingtechniques（e.g.,fanningmethod,suctionlevel,withorwithoutastylet,optimumnumberofpasses）.Today,thediagnosticabilityofEUS-FNAisstillimproving;thedetectionofpancreaticcancer（PC）currentlyhasasensitivityof90%-95%andspecificityof95%-100%.InadditiontoPC,avarietyofrarepancreatictumorscanbediscriminatedbyconductingimmunohistochemistryontheFNAmaterials.Aflexible,largecaliberneedlehasbeenusedtoobtainalargepieceoftissue,whichcanprovidesufficienthistologicalinformationtobehelpfulinclassifyingbenignpancreaticlesions.EUSFNAcansupplyhighdiagnosticyieldsevenforbiliarylesionsorperi-pancreaticobiliarylymphnodes.ThisreviewfocusesontheclinicalaspectsofEUS-FNAinthepancreaticobiliaryfield,withtheaimofprovidinginformationthatcanenablemoreaccurateandefficientdiagnosis.

简介：Autofluorescencespectrafromtheserumofhealthmanandcancerpatientshavebeenmeasuredandanalyzed.Twoobviouslyspectracharacteristicsoftheserumhavebeendiscussedindetail.Anovellasercancerdiagnosissystem(LCD-1)hasbeenestablishedandthediagnosisresultsarecomparedwithclinicalmethods.

简介：Earlydiagnosisandtreatmentisthekeytoimprovingtheprognosisofgastriccancer.Thepastdecadeshavewitnessedtherapidadvancesinthediagnosisandmanagementofearlygastriccancer(EGC):endoscopyhasplayedanincreasinglyimportantrole,whereaslaparoscopictechniqueshavealsobeenintroducedforEGCtreatment.InChina,the

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简介：<正>IntroductionDeafnessisoneofthemostcommonotologicdiseasesandamajordiseasethatgreatlyimpactstheChinesepopulation.FromtheSecondNationalSampleSurveyofDisabledPersons,itisestimatedthatthereare27,800,000hearingdisabledpersonsinChina,about2.14%of

简介：Objective:Todiscussthediagnosisandmanagementoftraumaticcarotidcavernousfistula(TCCF).Methods:Inall15patientswithTCCFconfirmedbyangiography,8patientsgotearlydiagnosisandcure.WithSeldingertechniqueadpotedinthepunctureoffemoralartery,Magic3F-1.8FBDcatheterscombiningwithballoonwereusedtoembolizethefistulaortheinternalcarotidartery.Results:Earlydiagnosisandcurewereachievedin8patientswithinoneweekandnosequelaeoccurred.Sevenpatientswithdelayeddiagnosiswhowerecuredbeyondoneweekhadsomesequelaesuchashypopsiain5cases,incompleteoculomotorparalysesin3andincompleteabducentparalysesin2.Amongallthe15cases,theinternalcarotidarterywaspreservedin12casesacountingfor80%.Occludingthefistulawithsacrificeoftheinternalcarotidarterywasperformedin3casesandnorepatencyofthefistulaoccurredbyfollowingupbeyondthreemonths.Conclusions:ThepreferredtherapyforTCCFistooccludethefistulausingdetachableballoon.ThediagnosisandtreatmentforTCCFcansignificantlyreduceoccurrencerateofthecomplicationsandsequelae.