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简介：Background:Childrenspend70%oftheschooldaysittinginclass.Classroom-basedactivebreakscanbenefitchildren’sphysicalhealth,butifthebreaksarecognitivelydemanding(i.e.,combinephysicalexertionandmentalengagement),theymayalsoimprovefocusandcognitivefunctions.Teachersandstudentsplayacrucialroleinthesuccessfulimplementationofactivebreaks,andtheirperspectivesarecriticaltothefeasibilityofthesestrategies.Theaimofthisstudywastoassessthefeasibilityofimplementingacognitivelychallengingmotortaskasanactivebreakinmainstreamandspecialprimaryschools.Methods:Atotalof5teachersin2mainstreamschoolsand7teachersin1specialschool(attendedbychildrenwithneurodevelopmentaldisorders)attendeda20-mintrainingonhowtoimplementa4-mincognitivelychallengingactivebreak,beforeconductingafeasibilitytrial(twiceadayfor1week).Tounderstandindividualperceptions,one-on-onesemistructuredinterviewswereconductedbeforeandafterthetrialwithteachers,andfocusgroupinterviewswereconductedwithtypicallydevelopingchildrenafterthetrial.Questionswerebasedonapredefinedframeworkforfeasibilitystudies.Allinterviewswereaudiorecorded,transcribedandanalyzedinNVivo11usingaframeworkapproach.Atotalof12teachers(11females;7between20and34yearsold)and34children(16girls;9.3±1.7years,mean±SD)participatedintheinterviews.Results:Inmainstreamschools,teachersviewedthecognitivelychallengingmotortaskasappropriateandpotentiallybeneficialforchildren’shealthandfocus.Childrenreportedenjoyingtheactivebreaks.Teachersinspecialschoolsviewedthetaskascomplexandpotentiallyfrustratingforchildren.Inbothschooltypes,children’sdisruptivebehaviorandlackoftimewereseenasthemainpotentialbarrierstoimplementation.Theuseofmusic,videos,visualcards,andsupportstaffwerenotedaspotentialfacilitators.Conclusion:Thecognitivelychallen

简介：Neuromuscularactivityissuppressedduringmaximaleccentric（ECC）musclecontractioninuntrainedsubjectsowingtoattenuatedlevelsofcentralactivationandreducedspinalmotorneuron（MN）excitabilityindicatedbyreducedelectromyographysignalamplitude,diminishedevokedH-reflexresponses,increasedautogenicMNinhibition,anddecreasedexcitabilityindescendingcorticospinalmotorpathways.MaximumECCmuscleforcerecordedduringmaximalvoluntarycontractioncanbeincreasedbysuperimposedelectricalmusclestimulationonlyinuntrainedindividualsandnotintrainedstrengthathletes,indicatingthatthesuppressioninMNactivationismodifiablebyresistancetraining.Insupportofthisnotion,maximumECCmusclestrengthcanbeincreasedbyuseofheavy-loadresistancetrainingowingtoaremovedordiminishedsuppressioninneuromuscularactivity.Prolonged（weekstomonths）ofheavy-loadresistancetrainingresultsinincreasedH-reflexandV-waveresponsesduringmaximalECCmuscleactionsalongwithmarkedgainsinmaximalECCmusclestrength,indicatingincreasedexcitabilityofspinalMNs,decreasedpresynapticand/orpostsynapticMNinhibition,andelevateddescendingmotordrive.Notably,theuseofsupramaximalECCresistancetrainingcanleadtoselectivelyelevatedV-waveresponsesduringmaximalECCcontraction,demonstratingthatadaptivechangesinspinalcircuitryfunctionand/orgainsindescendingmotordrivecanbeachievedduringmaximalECCcontractioninresponsetoheavy-loadresistancetraining.

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简介：Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastodeterminetheeffectsofacuteexerciseonmotorresponseinhibitionusingbothbehavioralandelectrophysiologicalapproaches.Methods:TheP3andN1event-relatedpotential(ERP)componentswererecordedwhileperformingastop-signaltaskin21collegestudentsfollowingamoderatelyintenseacuteexerciseboutfor30minandasedentarycontrolsessionthatinvolvedreading.Results:Acuteexerciseinducedashorterstopsignalresponsetime(SSRT)ascomparedtocontrol;however,thegoresponsetime(GoRT)remainedunchanged.InexaminingtheERPdata,acuteexerciseincreasedbothP3amplitudeandlatencybutdidnotaffecttheN1component.Conclusion:Acuteexercisehasaselectiveandbeneficialeffectoncognitivefunction,specificallyaffectingthemotorresponseinhibitionaspectofexecutivefunction.Furthermore,acuteexercisepredominatelyimpactslaterstagesofinformationprocessingduringmotorresponseinhibition,whichmayleadtoanincreaseinattentionalresourceallocationandconfertheabilitytosuccessfullywithholdaresponsetoachievemotorresponseinhibition.

简介：BACKGROUND:Olfactoryensheathingcelltransplantationcanactivateaxonalregenerationandenhancemyelinrepair,whicharebeneficialfortreatingdemyelinatingdiseases.OBJECTIVE:Toexploretheeffectsofolfactoryensheathingcelltransplantationonmyelinrepair,synaptophysinexpression,andmotorfunctioninaratmodelofexperimentalallergicencephalomyelitis.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Arandomized,controlledexperimentwasperformedattheLaboratoryofProvincialHospitalaffiliatedtoShandongUniversitybetweenAugust2006andSeptember2007.MATERIALS:Dibenzylamine(Hoechst33342),luxolfastblue,andrabbitanti-ratsynaptophysinantibodywereprovidedbySigma,USA.METHODS:OlfactoryensheathingcellsextractedfromneonatalWistarratswereculturedfor10-14daysandlabeledwithdibenzylamine.SpinalcordextractedfromahealthyguineapigwashomogenizedandequallymixedwithcompleteFreund'sadjuvant;thereafter,themixturewasintracutaneouslyinjectedintotwoposteriorvoixpedisofhealthymaleWistarratstoestablishmodelsofexperimentalallergicencephalomyelitis.Ratswererandomlydividedintoacontrolencephalomyelitisgroupandanolfactoryensheathingcelltransplantationgroup,36ratsineachgroup.Physiologicalsaline(2μL)oranolfactoryensheathingcellsuspension(2μL)wasseparatelyinjectedalonglateralcerebralventricleatday7post-modelinduction.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Themigrationanddistributionofolfactoryensheathingcellswereobservedunderfluorescencemicroscopy;myelinrepairwasdetectedusinghematoxylin-eosinstainingandluxolfastbluestaining;synaptophysinexpressionwasmeasuredusingimmunohistochemicalstaining;motorfunctionwasevaluatedusingamotorfunctionscale.RESULTS:Olfactoryensheathingcellscouldsurviveinvivoandmigratetothedistalendofthetransplantfocusandspinalcord,andsurvived21days.Hematoxylin-eosinstainingandluxolfastbluestainingindicatedthatmyelininthetransplantationgroupwasintact,andtheinfla

简介：AbstractPurpose:Traffic accidents are one of the major health problems in the world, being the first cause of burden of illness and the second leading cause of death in Iran. The Sistan-Baluchestan province is one of the most accidental provinces of Iran with the highest rate of accidents-caused deaths. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors associated with traffic accidents in Zahedan through 2013 to 2016.Methods:This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 223 drivers from Zahedan who were traumatized by traffic accident and sent to Zahedan hospitals. The data were obtained through interviews taken by the trained interviewers via refereeing to the medical records and collected in the researcher-made checklist. Census was obtained from the study subjects. For data analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square and logistic regression were used with the Stata software version 11.0.Results:In this study, 223 male subjects with the mean age of (32.54 ± 12.95) years, 39.8% single and 60.2% married, entered for investigation. Most accidents (38.8%) occurred between 12:00 to 17:59. While driving, 47.1% of the study subjects were using cell phones, 89.1% had manual use of mobile phones, 21.9% had a habit of sending short message service (SMS) and 23.4% had sent SMS within 10 min before the accident. The one way analysis of variance showed that the mean age of individuals with marital status, driving experience, education and accident with motorcycle were significantly different (p < 0.05). Also, the multivariate logistic regression test indicated a significant relationship of smoking, ethnicity, insurance and SMS typing while driving with motorcycle accident (p < 0.05).Conclusion:In this study, SMS and smoking while driving had the highest risk among the variables studied in the motorcycle accidents. Therefore, effective education attempting to enhance people's awareness about the consequences of using cell phone and smoking during driving to reduce traffic accidents seems necessary.

简介：摘要由于新能源电动汽车用永磁同步电机要求具有高功率密度，体积小，重量轻以及输出转矩大等特点，这需要电机具有较高的电负荷和磁负荷，然而这些都会产生较高的铜损和铁损，使电机发热过快，温升变高。因此，针对永磁同步电机的温度场分析是十分有必要的。本文以额定功率为80kw的电动客车用永磁同步电机为研究对象，通过热路法对该电机进行了温度场仿真，并通过实验验证了仿真的正确性。

简介：Thispaperdevelopsaunifiedmethodologyforareal-timespeedcontrolofbrushlessdirect-currentmotordrivesystemsinthepresenceofmeasurementnoiseandloadtorquedisturbance.First,themathematicalmodelandhardwarestructureofsystemisestablished.Next,anoptimalstatefeedbackcontrollerusingtheKalmanfilterstateestimationtechniqueisderived.Thisisfollowedbyanadaptivecontrolalgorithmtocompensatefortheeffectsofnoiseanddisturbance.Thosetwoalgorithmsworkingtogethercanprovideavery-high-speedregulationanddynamicresponseoverawiderangeofoperatingconditions.Simulatedresponsesarepresentedtohighlighttheeffectivenessoftheproposedcontrolstrategy.

简介：为了观察由在yin和yang顶点上呼吸增强并且减少操作的效果，与ischemic击在病人为膝关节的马达功能指。

简介：Background:Motorcompetenceandhealth-relatedfitnessareimportantcomponentsforthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofahealthylifestyleinchildren.Thisstudyexaminedcross-culturalperformancesonmotorcompetenceandhealth-relatedfitnessbetweenPortugueseandU.S.children.Methods:Portuguese(n=508;10.14±2.13years,mean±SD)andU.S.(n=710;9.48±1.62years)childrenperformedtestsofcardiorespiratoryfitness(ProgressiveAerobicCardiovascularEnduranceRun),upperbodystrength(handgrip),locomotorskillperformance(standinglongjump),andobjectprojectionskillperformance(throwingandkicking).PortugueseandU.S.childrenweredividedinto2agegroups(6à9and10à13years)fordataanalysispurposes.Atwoàfactoroneàwayanalysisofcovariance(ANOVA)wasconductedwiththeProgressiveAerobicCardiovascularEnduranceRun,handgrip,standinglongjumpscores,kicking,andthrowingspeed(km/h)asdependentvariables.Results:ResultsindicatedthatPortuguesechildren,irrespectiveofsex,presentedbetterperformancesinlocomotorandcardiorespiratoryperformance(standinglongjumpandProgressiveAerobicCardiovascularEnduranceRun)thanU.S.childreninbothagebands.U.S.childrenoutperformedPortuguesechildrenduringthrowingandhandgriptests.Kickingtestspresentedgenderdifferences:PortugueseboysandU.S.girlsoutperformedtheirinternationallymatchedcounterparts.Conclusion:Culturaldifferencesinphysicaleducationcurriculaandsportsparticipationmayimpactdifferencesinmotorcompetenceandfitnessdevelopmentinthesecountries.

简介：Stepper马达驾驶系统广泛地在工业应用程序被使用。他们主要为他们的低花费的开环的高效被使用。然而，同样有活力的系统需要逐渐地更快并且他们的运动更精确，有精确、可靠的一个开环的系统是重要的。在这份报纸，我们在场一个基因算法(GA)在基于查找桌子途径的一种新奇技术被用来发现一个开环的stepper马达系统的最佳的走顺序。最佳的顺序目的是最小化剩余颤动并且精确地跟随轨道。一个基因算法被用来发现最小化错误并且改进系统表演的最好走的顺序。数字模拟显示了我们的途径的有效性为位置和速度改进系统性能。优化系统减少了剩余颤动并且能与最小的错误跟随轨道。

简介：BACKGROUND:Theuseofacupuncturehasreceivedrecognitiontoeffectivelytreatcerebralpalsy.Moreover,musictherapycanbeusedtomodifytreatmentofcerebralpalsy.OBJECTIVE:Tostudytheeffectsofcombinedtreatmentusingacupunctureandmusictherapyongrossmotorfunctionmeasure(GMFM)ofchildrenwithcerebralpalsy,comparedwithacupuncturetreatmentalone.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Randomized,controlled,clinicalstudy.TheexperimentwasconductedinShenzhenHospitalofTraditionalChineseMedicinebetweenJanuary2007andSeptember2007.PARTICIPANTS:AllchildrenwithcerebralpalsyinthetrialwerefromtheoutpatientdepartmentofShenzhenHospitalofTraditionalChineseMedicine.Thechildrenwererandomlydividedintotwogroups:30childreninGroupBreceivedacupunctureandmusictherapy,while30childreninGroupAreceivedonlyacupuncturetherapy.METHODS:SubjectsinGroupsAandBreceivedacupuncturebasedonsyndromedifferentiation.Themainacupointswerenecessaryforallparticipants.Atfirst,flashneedlingwasappliedtotheacupoints.Fortheremainingacupoints,thetechniqueoftransverseneedlingwasappliedtotheheadacupoints,andperpendicularneedlingwasusedfortheotherpoints.Theinsertedneedlesweretwirledandthenmaintainedfor30minutes.Theneedlewastwirledforonesecondeveryother10minutes,withoutreinforcing-reducingtechniques.Thetherapywasperformedeveryotherday.Thetrialconsistedofthreeperiodseach,andlastedfor84days.SubjectsinGroupBreceivedmusictherapy.Theylistenedtomusicthattheypreferredwhileacupuncturewasbeingperformed.Followingacupuncture,theywereallowedtoperformmusicalactivities,suchaspercussion,singing,anddancing.Themusictherapywasscheduledforonehour,includinglisteningtomusicfor30minutesandmusicactivitiesfor30minutes.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:ThecomprehensivefunctionalevaluationscaleofcerebralpalsyandtheGMFMwereappliedtotestsymptomsbeforeand

简介：Akindofdrivecircuitwhichislowpowerconsumption,high-performanceandhigh-poweroutputforsteppingmotor,basedonBY-5064,andakindofdedicatedcircuitfortwo-phasehybridsteppingmotoraredesigned,drivecontrolforsteppingmotorwithhigh-powerisachieved.

简介：Thepurposeofthisstudyistoexploretheexpressionofgrowth-associatedprotein(GAP-43)inspinalcordsegmentsconnectedwithinjuredsciaticnervebythetreatmentwithbrazileininmice.Unilateralsciaticnerveinterruptionandanastomosiswereperformed.Physiologicalsaline(blankgroup),highdose,middledoseandlowdoseofbrazileinwereadministratedintragastricallytohealthyadultBALB/cmiceinseparategroups.L4―6spinalsegmentsconnectedwiththesciaticnervewereharvested.Real-timePCR(Polymerasechainreaction)andWesternblotanalysiswereperformedtodetecttheexpressionofGAP-43inspinalsegments.Histologicalstainingonmyelinandtheelectrophysiologywereperformedtoexaminethesciaticnerverecovery.GAP-43wasactivatedinspinalcordL4―6connectedwithinjuredsciaticnerve.Inthesurvivaltimeof12h,24h,3d,5d,7dand14d,GAP-43expressioninthemotorneuronsofspinalcordofthehighdosegroupandthatinthemiddledosegroupweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseonthelowdoseandblankgroups.MyelininthehighdosegroupandthatinthemiddledosegroupweremorematureandthepotentialamplitudeandMNCV(motornerveconductionvelocity)inthehighandmiddledosegroupswereobviouslyhigherthanthoseinthelowdosegroupandblankgroup.BrazileinfacilitatestheexpressionofGAP-43inneuronsinspinalcordL4―6segmentsconnectedwithinjuredsciaticnerve,whichpromotesnerveregeneration.

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简介：摘要： Motor-Cad是十分强大的电机设计分析工具。本论文基于Motor-Cad设计了某功率型号的外转子直驱式轮毂电机并对其性能进行了研究，电机采用永磁同步电动机，相对于传统的车用驱动电机，这种电机具有高效、高功率密度、结构简单紧凑等一系列优点，特别适合作为车用电机使用，对其性能的研究也表明，设计的电机能够完全满足电动车使用要求。

简介：摘要OBJECTIVEOur goal was to determine if pairing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with rehabilitation for two weeks could augment adaptive plasticity offered by these residual pathways to elicit longer-lasting improvements in motor function in incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI)．DESIGNLongitudinal, randomized, controlled, double-blinded cohort study.SETTINGCleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.PARTICIPANTSEight male subjects with chronic incomplete motor tetraplegia.INTERVENTIONSMassed practice (MP) training with or without tDCS for 2 hrs, 5 times a week.OUTCOME MEASURESWe assessed neurophysiologic and functional outcomes before, after and three months following intervention. Neurophysiologic measures were collected with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS measures included excitability, representational volume, area and distribution of a weaker and stronger muscle motor map. Functional assessments included a manual muscle test (MMT), upper extremity motor score (UEMS), action research arm test (ARAT) and nine hole peg test (NHPT)．RESULTSWe observed that subjects receiving training paired with tDCS had more increased strength of weak proximal (15% vs 10%), wrist (22% vs 10%) and hand (39% vs. 16%) muscles immediately and three months after intervention compared to the sham group. Our observed changes in muscle strength were related to decreases in strong muscle map volume (r＝0.851), reduced weak muscle excitability (r＝0.808), a more focused weak muscle motor map (r＝0.675) and movement of weak muscle motor map (r＝0.935)．CONCLUSIONOverall, our results encourage the establishment of larger clinical trials to confirm the potential benefit of pairing tDCS with training to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for individuals with SCI.

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