简介：Weproposeapositionsensorlesscontrolschemeforafour-switch,three-phasebrushlessDCmotordrive,basedonthezerocrossingpointdetectionofphaseback-EMFvoltagesusingnewlydefinederrorfunctions(EFs).Thecommutationin-stantsare30°afterdetectedzerocrossingpointsoftheEFs.DevelopedEFshavegreatermagnituderatherthanphaseorlinevoltagessothatthesensorlesscontrolcanworkatalowerspeedrange.Moreover,EFshavesmoothtransitionsaroundzerovoltagelevelthatreducesthecommutationerrors.EFsarederivedfromthefilteredterminalvoltagesvaoandvbooftwolow-passfilters,whichareusedtoeliminatehighfrequencynoisesforcalculationoftheaverageterminalvoltages.Thefeasibilityoftheproposedsensorlesscontrolisdemonstratedbysimulationandexperimentalresults.

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简介：Injuryofankleisthemostcommoninathleticinjury.Becauseofanatomicparticu-larityofanklejoint,i.e.lateralmalleolusislongandthinandislocatedattheposteriorandlowerthanmedialmalleolus.Themedialmalleolusisbroadandflatandislocatedattheanterior.Lateralligamentisthinnerandweakerthanmedialligamentandthemusclegroupssupportingstrephexopodiaisfarinferi-ortothemusclegroupssupportingstrephenopodiainstrength,injuryofanklejointhappensmoreatinversionsprainandin-juryofanteriortalofibularligamentisinducedoften.Thus,rapidandeffectivetreatmentofanteriortalofibularligamentinjurycanelevatebetterathleticsofsportsman.Wheneverthediseasehappenedinstudentstoexercise,theauthorsoftenusedacupunctureofQiuxu（GB40）-through-Zhaohai（KI6）pointwithstrongstimulativemanipulation,whichcouldrelievemoreremakedlypainoftheanklejointcausedbyanteriortalofibularligamentinjuryasre-portedinthe

简介：Theselectionofelectro-acupunctureparametersremainspoorlyunifiedbetweenclinicalstudies.Thepresentstudyobservedtheeffectsofelectro-acupuncturingRenzhong(DU26)withdifferentstimulationparametersonmotorfunctionrecoveryfollowingmiddlearteryocclusioninjuryinrats.ResultsshowedanoptimalstimulationparameterforRenzhongelectro-acupuncturethatwaslowfrequencyandmildcurrent(2Hz,1mA)significantlyimprovedcorticalexcitabilityandconductivefunction,andpromotedrecoveryinaratmodelofmotorfunctioninmiddlearteryocclusion.Frequencyhadagreaterimpactthancurrentorinteraction,andplayedacriticalroleinelectro-acupuncturetherapy.

简介：BACKGROUND:Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS)isthemostcommonofallthemotorneurondiseasesandtheabsenceofabiologicmarkerhasmadebothdiagnosisandtrackingevolutionofthediseasedifficult.Electrodiagnostictestsplayafundamentalroleinquantifyingpathologicalchangesinthemotorunitpool.OBJECTIVE:Weassesseddistal-proximalMotorUnit(MU)lossandchangesusingthemethodofmotorunitnumberestimation(MUNE).DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Acase-controlstudywasperformedattheDepartmentofNeuroscience,PisaUniversityMedicalSchool,ItalyfromDecember1999toNovember2009.PARTICIPANTS:Atotalof50ALSpatientswererecruited,30males:meanage(59.6±13.3)years20females:meanage(63.9±11.7)years;range(30-82)years;allpatientshadprobableordefiniteALS.Thirtyhealthyvolunteerswererecruitedfromdepartmentstaffs,including20malesand10females;meanage(57.7±13.8)yearsservedascontrols.METHODS:MUNEwasperformedforboththebicepsbrachiiandabductordigitiminimimusclesothesameside.Thetechniqueusedrelayedsubstantiallyonmanualincrementalstimulationofthemotornerve,knownastheMcComastechnique(50mssweepduration,againof2mV/DivforMwave,0.5mV/Divforeachstep;filters10-20kHz).MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:MUNEresultsweremeasured.RESULTS:FunctioningMUnumbers,measuredbyMUNE,decreasedinthebicepsbrachiiandabductordigitiminimimusclesovertheentireone-yearfollow-upperiod(oneassessmenteverythreemonths)comparedwithbaselinedetermination,therateofMUdecreasewassimilarinbothmuscles,butsteeperdistally.CONCLUSION:MUNEisafeasiblemethodforALSpatientsbothproximallyanddistallytotrackchangesovertimeinmuscleMUsduringthedisease'sevolution.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Investigations of the pathogenic mechanisms in motor neurons (MNs) derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines could improve understanding of the issues affecting MNs. Therefore, in this study we explored mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein expression in MNs derived from the iPS cell lines of ALS patients carrying different SOD1 mutations.Methods:We generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from two familial ALS (FALS) patients with SOD1-V14M and SOD1-C111Y mutations, and then differentiated them into MNs. We investigated levels of the SOD1 protein in iPSCs and MNs, the intracellular Ca2+ levels in MNs, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the process of differentiation into the MNs derived from the controls and ALS patients’ iPSCs.Results:The iPSCs from the two FALS patients were capable of differentiation into MNs carrying different SOD1 mutations and differentially expressed MN markers. We detected high SOD1 protein expression and high intracellular calcium levels in both the MN and iPSCs that were derived from the two SOD1 mutant patients. However, at no time did we observe stronger LDH activity in the patient lines compared with the control lines.Conclusions:MNs derived from patient-specific iPSC lines can recapitulate key aspects of ALS pathogenesis, providing a cell-based disease model to further elucidate disease pathogenesis and explore gene repair coupled with cell-replacement therapy. Incremental mutant expressions of SOD1 in MNs may have disrupted MN function, either causing or contributing to the intracellular calcium disturbances, which could lead to the occurrence and development of the disease.

简介：摘要：某核电厂日常期间出现安全注入系统泵的中压电机冷却器泄露的异常，该电机所对应的这一列安注系统不可用，将会降低核安全冗余度，同时影响电厂发电能力，需要第一时间排查故障模式，锁定故障原因，并制定应对措施，以确保核电机组的安全稳定运行。

简介：瞄准：显示出是否分子的马达达因在在一条微导管轨道，分子的马达肌浆球蛋白Va，马达recruiter肌浆球蛋白Va，VIIa-Rab27a/b交往蛋白质(MyRIP)，和泡受体上，一条F肌动朊轨道上的Rab27b在包含intramanchette运输(IMT)的人和猴子精子形式期间是在场的。方法：Spermiogenic房间与妨碍的精子缺乏和正常成年cynomolgus猴子(Macacafascieularis)从三个人被获得。Immunocytochemical察觉和反向的抄写聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)蛋白质的分析被执行。样品被轻显微镜分析。结果：用RT-PCR，我们发现了那达因在，肌浆球蛋白Va，MyRIP和Rab27b在猴子睾丸被表示。，这些蛋白质对领局部性由免疫荧光出现，特别地在人和猴子精子形式期间。结论：我们推测在首领精子形式期间，填写基于微导管、基于肌动朊的泡的那些蛋白质搬运系统，这实际上是在领的现在并且可能可能涉及intramanchette运输。