简介：当前的传感器是在正式就职马达的控制系统的关键元素之一。反映马达操作地位的变量的精确测量是否能被做，将直接在马达系统上并且因此影响控制效果传感器差错的及时、精确察觉是必要的。这份报纸向前根据正式就职马达的数学模型带剩余产生和差错察觉的一个observerbased方法。当非线性的部分是否满足Lipschitz条件，不限制观察员设计，如此的一个观察员的申请被扩展。同时，在柔韧的错误之间的矛盾和差错敏感也被解决。如此的方法的正确性和有效性被在也阐明工程实践的模仿的差错上的试验性的测试验证。

简介：Atime-resolvednumericalcomputationalapproach,involvingthecombustionofdouble-basepropellantisperformedonthermalprotectionmaterialforSRMnozzle.AnimplicitNavier-StokesSolverisselectedtosimulatetwo-dimensionalaxial-symmetricunsteadyturbulentflowofcompressiblefluid.ThegoverningequationsarediscreditedbyusingthefiniteVolumemethod.S-Aturbulencemodelisemployed.CFDschemeisimplementedtoinvestigatethetemperaturedistributioncausesatnozzlethroatinsertscompositematerial.DifferentparametershavebeenselectedfortheanalysistovalidatethetemperaturevariationinthethroatinsertsandbakingmaterialofSRMnozzle.TheadvancedSRMnozzlecompositematerialisalsocharacterizedforthehighthermostabilityandhighthermomechanicalcapabilitiestomakeitmorereliable,simplerandlighter.

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简介：Transcranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)representsausefulnon-invasiveapproachtostudyingcorticalphysiology,inadditiontothedescendingmotorpathways(Hallett,2000),andmayalsobeusedtoinvestigatetheintracorticalfacilitatoryandinhibitorymechanisms.

简介：在这篇论文，无传感器的转矩为混合电的车辆(HEV)的正式就职马达的柔韧的追踪问题应用被探讨。因为在HEV应用程序的马达参数变化比在工业驱动器系统大，常规面向地的控制(FOC)提供差的性能。因此，FOC控制器的新柔韧的基于PI的延期和一个速度流动观察员基于滑动模式和Lyapunov理论被开发以便改进全面表演。模拟结果证明建议无传感器的转矩控制计划关于马达参数变化和装载骚乱是柔韧的。另外，马达的操作流动最佳地被选择最小化电能的消费，它在模拟显示出的精力损失导致重要减小。关键词混合电的车辆-正式就职马达-追踪的转矩-滑动模式这个工作被追求中国(号码2001BA204B01)的工程的州的科技部分地支持。刘燕是Dalian大学的信息工程的学校的一个教授。她在Dalian工业大学在控制理论和应用程序为工业科学度的医生正在完成要求，Dalian。她的研究兴趣包括控制并且建模，参数评价，电的机器的失败察觉，和为正式就职马达的faulttolerant控制在汽车的应用程序开车。邵成是先进控制技术的研究院的一个教授，Dalian工业大学。他的研究兴趣为工业过程包括柔韧的适应控制，聪明的学习控制，和优化控制。

简介：Purpose:Toexaminetheassociationsamongpreschoolersfundamentalmotorskills,screen-time,physicalactivity(PA),andsedentarybehavior(SB).Methods:Childrenages3-4yearswereenrolledinaprospectiveobservationaltrialofPA.TrainedassessorsconductedtheTestofGrossMotorDevelopment-3rdedition(TGMD-3),andtheMovementAssessmentBatteryforChildren-2ndedition,andparent-reportedchildscreen-timeandsociodemographicinformation.Childrenworeanaccelerometerfor7daystoexamineSBandtotalPA(TPA).TPAwasfurthercharacterizedasmoderateto-vigorousPA(MVPA)orvigorousPA(VPA).Mixedlinearmodelswerecalculated,controllingforage(forTGMD-3),sex,householdincome,andaccelerometerweartime(foraccelerometrymodels),withchildcarecenterasarandomeffect.Theprimaryanalysisreportedonthecross-sectionalbaselinedataof126childrenwithcompletefundamentalmotorskillandscreen-timedata;asubanalysisincluded88childrenwithcompleteaccelerometrydata.Results:Childrenwere3.4±0.5yearsofage(54%girls;46%white,42%AfricanAmerican,12%other).Atotalof48%livedinhouseholdsatorbelowthefederalpovertylevel.Childrenengagedin5.1±3.6h/dayofscreen-time.Children’sscreen-timewasinverselyrelatedtotheMovementAssessmentBatteryforChildren-2ndedition,manualdexterityskillspercentile(β(SE)=-1.7(0.8),p=0.049).Intheaccelerometrysubsample,childrenengagedin5.9±0.9h/dayofTPAofwhich1.7±0.6h/daywasMVPA.BoysengagedinmoreMVPAandVPAandlessSBcomparedwithgirls(allp<0.05).AhigherTGMD-3,totalscore(b(SE)=0.4(0.2),p=0.017)andlocomotorscore(β(SE)=0.7(0.3),p=0.018)wereassociatedwithmoreVPAbutnotwithTPAorMVPA.Screen-timeandtelevisioninthebedroomwerenotrelatedtoSB,TPA,MVPA,orVPA.Conclusion:Children’smotorskillswerepositivelyrelatedtoVPAbutinverselyrelatedtoscreen-time.Furtherinquiryintotheimplicationsofhighexposuretoscreen-timeinyoungchildr

简介：Tochangethecurrentphenomenonof'Beinganarmchairstrategist'intheresearchofasteppingmotor,thevirtualsimulationsystemofsteppingmotorwasdevelopedusingvirtualrealitytechnique.Thebasicprincipleofsteppingmotorwasexpounded.Thedevelopmentstrategyofthesimulationsoftwareisintroduced.Somekeyproblemsandtheirsolutions,includingcoordinatetransformationofrotorandorderofon-offelectricityforstator,wereputforwardinsystemdevelopment.Finally,therearethreevirtualsimulationexamplesoftheon-offelectricitywayinthispaper.Thisworkprovidesavaluableauxiliarytoolforthestudyofthesteppingmotor.

简介：Technologicaladvanceshaveincreasedtheprevalenceofsedentarybehaviors,asphysicalinactivityhasbecomeoneoftheleadingriskfactorsofdeathworldwide;asituationthatburdensthehealthcaresystemwithpreventablehealthdisorders.1Increasedincidenceofdiseasedecreasethequalityoflife,evenamongchildren,becausediseasesthatformerlyonsetduringadulthoodarenowimpactingpeopleearlyintheirlives,aswellasattheendoftheirlives,"bycumulativedamageovertimeorbythebiologicalembeddingofadversitiesduringsensitivedevelopmentalperiods"(p.1).2

简介：ThehulbarparalysisofupperrnotorneuronsisacommonseniIedisease.lnrecentycars.weselectLianquan(CV23)asachiefpointincomhinationwithJinjin(EX-HNl2).Yuye(FX-HN13)andZhaohai(KI6)andemployuniformreinforcing-reducingmanipuIationtotreat280patients.Theresultsshowthatatotaleffectivcrateis55.71％.Thepossiblemechanismsaredis-cussedpreliminarilyinthcpresentpaper.

简介：WeproposeaBPNNbasedadaptiveslidingmodecontrolschemeforspeedtrackingofaDCmotorwithunknownsystemnonlinearities.Theinput-outputlinearizationtechniqueisusedtocancelthenonlinearities,andoutputoftheBPNNisincorporatedintothecontrollerintheproposedscheme.ItisshownthattherotorspeedofaDCmotorcanfollowanyarbitrarilyselectedtrajectoriesundervariableloadtorque.Thentheapplicationoftheapproachistestedviacomesimulations.

简介：ThispaperpresentsasimpleandrobustspeedcontrolschemeofPermanentMagnetSynchronousMotor(PMSM).Itistoachieveaccuratecontrolpeffommancemthepresenceofloadtorqueandplantparametervariation.Arobustdisturbancecancellationfeedforwardcontrollerisusedtoestimatethetorquedisturbance.ThesimpleandpracticalcontrolschemeiseasilyimplementedonaPMSMdriverusingaTMS320LF2407DSP.Theeffectivenessoftheproposedrobustspeedcontrolapproachisdemonstratedbysimulationandexperimentalresults.

简介：伺服马达由于刺激输入电压，负担转矩和环境操作条件的效果拥有一个强烈非线性的性质。导出能够表示它的动力学和不变的特征的一个传统的数学模型因此是相当困难的。神经基于网络的适应控制策略在这篇论文被建议。在这个方法，二个神经网络分别地为系统鉴定(NNI)和控制(NNC)被采用了。然后，使用得通常学习专业化被修改了，由在重量期间作为伺服马达的近似产量拿NNI产量训练得到敏感信息。而且，选择学习的率的规则根据Lyapunov稳定性的分析被给。最后，在一台伺服马达上使用建议控制策略的一个例子被举显示出它的有效性。

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简介：WiththebackgroundofthecontrolofadditionalmechanicalforcedroplettransferinMIG/MAGwelding,regardingtheACservomotorascore,anoveloscillatingwirefeedingsystemhasbeendevelopedwithexcellentperformancesofcontrolanddynamicaccelerationwhichistested.Systemconstitutionandoperationprincipleareintroducedinthispaper.Influencesofparametersondynamicaccelerationperformanceareanalyzedanddiscussedemphatically,suchasoscillatingfrequency,oscillatingamplitudeanddraw-backspeed.Experimentalresultindicatesthataccordingtothetechniqueofweldingcontrol,thenovelwirefeedingsystemrespondsrapidlytovariouskindsofcontrolordersofwirefeedinganddraw-back,andrealizesflexiblecontrolofweldingwireaxialmovement,includingdynamicshifting,oscillatingandsoon.

简介：Background:Acentralaimofphysicaleducationisthepromotionofbasicmotorcompetencies(inGerman:MotorischeBasiskompetenzen;MOBAK),whichareprerequisitesforchildren’sactiveparticipationinsportsculture.ThisarticleintroducestheMOBAK-1testinstrumentfor6-to8-year-oldchildrenanddeterminestheconstructvalidityofthistestinstrument.Inaddition,therelationshipbetweenMOBAKandmotorability(i.e.,strength)aswellasbodymassindex(BMI),sex,andageisinvestigated.Methods:Weanalyzeddataof923firstandsecondgraders(422girls,501boys,age=6.80±0.44years).Thechildren’sbasicmotorcompetencieswereassessedbytheMOBAK-1testinstrument.Besidesanalysesoffrequency,correlation,andvariance,3confirmatoryfactoranalyseswithcovariateswereperformed.Results:Wefound2MOBAKfactorsconsistingof4itemseach.Thefirstfactor,locomotion,includedtheitemsbalancing,rolling,jumping,andsidestepping;thesecondfactor,objectcontrol,includedtheitemsthrowing,catching,bouncing,anddribbling.Themotorabilitystrengthhadasignificantinfluenceonthefactorslocomotion(b=0.60)andobjectcontrol(b=0.50).Olderpupilsachievedbetterresultsthanyoungerpupilsonobjectcontrol(b=0.29).Boysperformedbetteronobjectcontrol(b=-0.44),whereasgirlsachievedbetterresultsinlocomotion(b=0.07).PupilswithahighBMIachievedlowerperformanceonlyonthefactorlocomotion(b=-0.28).Conclusion:TheMOBAK-1testinstrumentdevelopedforthisstudymeetspsychometricvaliditydemandsandissuitabletoevaluateeffectsofsportsandphysicaleducation.

简介：Theultrasonicmotor(USM)possessesheavynonlinearitieswhichvarywithdrivingconditionsandload-dependentcharacteristicssuchasthedead-zone.Inthispaper,anidentificationmethodfortherotarytravelling-wavetypeultrasonicmotor(RTWUSM)withdead-zoneisproposedbasedonamodifiedHammersteinmodelstructure.ThedrivingvoltagecontributingeffectonthenonlinearitiesoftheRTWUSMwastransformedtothechangeofdynamicparametersagainstthedrivingvoltage.Thedead-zoneoftheRTWUSMisidentifiedbasedupontheabovetransformation.Experimentresultsshowedgoodagreementbe-tweentheoutputoftheproposedmodelandactualmeasuredoutput.

简介：Purpose':Physicalactivity(PA)andfundamentalmotorskillsareimportantcomponentsofcurrentandfuturetrajectoriesofhealthinyoungchildren.Thisstudyexaminedtheeffectsofa5-weekmotorskillinterventiononpreschoolers,motorskillcompetenceandtheirPAbehaviorswhileparticipatinginthemotorskillinterventionoroutdoorfreeplay(recess).Methods'.Atotalof102preschoolersservedasparticipantsandwerepartofamotorskillinterventiongroup(n=64)oracontrol/outdoorfreeplaygroup(n=38).Children'smotorskillswereassessedbeforeandaftertheinterventionusingtheTestofGrossMotorDevelopment-3rdedition.PAduringthemotorskillinterventionandoutdoorfreeplaywasassessedusingaccelerometersbothimmediatelybeforethestart(baseline,Week0orWeek1)andend(late.Week5orWeek6)oftheintervention.Results:Allchildrensignificantlyimprovedtheirmotorskillsfrombaselinetolateassessment(p<0.05).Childreninthemotorskillinterventiondemonstratedgreaterratesofchange(p<0.001)andscoredhigheronallmotorskillsatthelateassessmentcomparedwiththecontrolgroup(p<0.001).Therewasnoeffectofgroup(controlvs.intervention),buttherewasasignificanteffectofsexonchildren'sPAduringoutdoorfreeplayatbaseline(p<0.05).Similarly,therewasnoeffectofgrouponPAduringdayswiththemovementprogram(interventionvs.outdoorfreeplay)ateithertimepoint,butboysweremoreactivethangirlsatthelateassessment(p<0.05).Last,childrenintheinterventionengagedinmorePAwhileparticipatingintheinterventiontowardtheendoftheinterventionthanatthebeginning.Conclusion'.The5-weekmotorskillinterventionwaseffectiveatimprovingpreschoolers,motorskillsandratesofchangeinmotorskillswerehigherforchildrenwhocompletedtheinterventioncomparedwithchildreninthecontrolgroup.PreschoolersintheinterventiondiddemonstratePAchangeswhileparticipatingintheintervention,

简介：Inthehourstoweeksfollowingtraumaticspinalcordinjuries(SCI),biochemicalprocessesareinitiatedthatfurtherdamagethetissuewithinandsurroundingtheinitialinjurysite:aprocesstermedsecondaryinjury.Acrolein,ahighlyreactiveunsaturatedaldehyde,hasbeenshowntoplayamajorroleinthesecondaryinjurybycontributingsignificantlytobothmotorandsensorydeficits.Inparticular,effortshavebeenmadetoelucidatethemechanismsofacrolein-mediateddamageatthecellularlevelandtheresultingparalysisandneuropathicpain.Inthisreview,wewillhighlighttherecentdevelopmentsintheunderstandingofthemechanismsofacroleininmotorandsensorydysfunctioninanimalmodelsofSCI.Wewillalsodiscussthetherapeuticbenefitsofusingacroleinscavengerstoattenuateacrolein-mediatedneuronaldamagefollowingSCI.

简介：Thehighprevalenceofchildhoodobesity,evidentgloballyinthepastdecade,ispartlyduetolowphysicalactivity(PA).1Obesityandlowcardiovascularfitnessinchildrenmayincreasetheriskofhypertensionandhypercholesterolemiaduringchildhoodandmaycontributetothedevelopmentofchronicdiseasesinadulthood,suchashypertensionanddiabetes.2ParticipatinginregularPAplaysasignificantroleinthepreventionofanddecreaseinchildhoodobesityandchronicdiseases,therebycontributingtothepreventionofchronicdiseaseslaterinadulthood.

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