简介：Direct-methodphaseextensionhasbeenappliedtotwo-dimensionalelectrondiffractiondataoftheproteinstreptavidin.Structure-factoramplitudesfromelectrondiffractionwerecombinedwithphasesfromthecorrespondingelectronmicrographs.Maximum-entropydiscriminationandclusteranalysiswereusedtoderiveasolutionfromalargenumberofrandomtrials.Thephaseextensionfrom0.3to0.25nmledtosubstantialimprovementofthereconstructedprojectionimagequality.

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简介：Thenormallycenteredelectronbeamandnon-centeredelectronbeamweldingofTiAltoTC4wasinvestigatedinordertoanalyzetheelectronbeamweldabilitybetweenTiAl/TC4dissimilarmaterials.MacroscopiccoldcrackeasilyoccurrednearTiAlsubstrateinthejoints.Theoptimaltensilestrengthwasrelatedtotheweldingheatinput.Theweldstructureswerecomposedofbulkycolumnargrainsandequiaxedgrains.Theisolatedphasesconsistedoflargequantitiesofα2-Ti3Alphase,smallquantityofB2phase,γ-TiAlphaseandYAl2phase.InsufficientmeltingofthebasemetaloccurredintheweldwhenthebeampositionleanedtotheTC4side.Thetensilestrengthcouldbeimprovedwhenthedeflectionwaslimitedintheoptimumrange.Otherwise,non-fusionzonewaseasilygeneratedintheweld,whichledtothelowtensilestrength.

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简介：Incontrastwiththeconventionalinjectorconsistingofdcgun,chopper,subharmonicbuncherand/orfundamentalbuncher,amicrowaveguncancooperatewithanalphamagnetasamorecompacthighbrightnessinjectorforthededicatedrflinearacceleratorsdrivinginfraredfreeelectronlasers(FELs).SuchaconcepthasbeenputintopracticeintheMARKIIIFELandwillbeusedintheBeijingFreeElectronLaser(BFEL)aswell.Inthispaper,thephasespread,energyspread,energyspread,emittancegrowthandintensityvariationofasingleelectronmicrobunchinsuchanFELacceleratorsystemareinvestigatedusingSUPERFISHandPARMELA.

简介：Anomaloustransportisoneofthemostimportantsubjectsforthetokamakresearch.Experimentshaveconfirmedthatanomaloustransportiscausedbyturbulencesdrivenbytemperatureanddensitygradientinplasma.Theexperimentsshowthationdiffusioncanbereducedtoneoclassicallevelinhighparameterplasmawithinternaltransportbarrier.

简介：Atechniqueofelectronaccelerationinthecone-shapedstationarylaserfieldisproposed.Anelectronaccelerationinthislaserisstudied,whichshowsthatthereisnoelectronbunchingbutthereexistselectroncaptureinthislaserfield.

简介：Accordingtotheprincipleofthemicrowaveinterferometer,theaverageelectrondensityduetophasevariationobtainedbyinterferometercanbewrittenas:

简介：Anewelectronbeamcontrolsystemwasdevelopedinageneralvacuumelectronbeammachinebyassemblingwithindustrialcontrolcomputer,programmablelogiccontrol(PLC),deflectioncoil,dataacquisitioncard,poweramplifier,etc.Inthiscontrolsystem,scanningtrackandenergydistributionofelectronbeamcouldbeeditedoff-line,real-timeadjustedandcontrolledon-line.Ti-Mogradientmaterial(GM)withhightemperatureresistantwasfabricatedusingthetechnologyofelectronbeammelting.Themeltingprocessesincludethreesteps,suchaspreheating,melting,andhomogenizing.TheresultsshowthattheGMpreparedbymeltingtechnologyhasfineappearance,andithasgoodintegratedinterfacewiththeTialloy.MoandTielementsaregraduallydistributedintheinterfaceofthegradientmaterial.ThemicrostructureclosetotheTialloybasemetalisα+βbasket-wavergrain,andthemicrostructureclosetotheGMisasinglephaseofβsolidsolution.

简介：AnumericalschemesapplicabletothedirectsolutionofBoltzmanntransportequation(BTE)invertical-SOINMOSFETareinvestigatedbymeansofthefiniteelementanalysis(FEA).Thesolutiongivestheelectrondistributionfunction,electrostaticpotential,carriersconcentration,driftvelocity,averageenergyanddraincurrentbydirectlysolvingtheBTEandthePoissonequationself-consistency.TheresultshowsthatthedirectnumericalsolutionoftheBTEwiththeaidofFEAandverticalSOINMOSFETisapromisingapproachforultrashortchanneltransistorsmodeling.

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简介：Theadditivityruleforelectron-moleculescatteringisrevisedbyconsideringthedifferencebetweenthefreeatomandtheboundatominthemolecule.Thetotalcrosssectionsforelectronscatteringfromfluoromethanes(CF4,CF3H,CF2H2,andCFH3)arecalculatedinanenergyrangefrom100eVto1500eVbytherevisedadditivityrule.Thepresentcalculationsarecomparedwiththeoriginaladditivityruleresultsandtheavailableexperimentaldata.Betteragreementwitheachotherisobtained.

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简介：当电子运输层被学习，ZnO的表面形态学与ZnO在不同退火拍摄温度和聚合物太阳能电池(PSC)的表演。低温度大音阶的第五音胶化处理了ZnO电影在更高的温度比那有更光滑的表面，它为P3HT与3.66%的力量变换效率(PCE)导致最好的光电的性能:PC61BM基于的太阳能电池。与增加退火的温度，光电的表演首先死亡然后增加。它能被归功于到接口区域，传导性和ZnO电影的表面精力和设备的系列抵抗的协同作用效果。

简介：在方形的量的第三泛音的产生上的电子声子相互作用的影响很好被调查。第一泛音、第三泛音的产生系数被使用compact-density-matrix途径和反复的方法获得，并且数字结果为GaAs方形的量被介绍很好。结果证明第三泛音的产生系数显然在考虑电子声子相互作用的影响以后被提高。

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简介：为做调整的GaAs/Al0.3量井用解决时间的magneto-Kerr旋转大小被学习的Ga0.7。电子旋转松驰时间和它的在里面飞机anisotropy作为光学地注射的电子密度的功能被学习。而且，Rashba的相对力量和联合的Dresselhausspinorbit回答，并且这样观察旋转松驰时间anisotropy，被532nm的另外的刺激进一步调节连续波浪激光，经由一个光gating方法表明有效旋转松驰操作。

简介：Magneticreconnectionisthemostfundamentalenergy-transfermechanismintheuniversethatconvertsmagneticenergyintoheatandkineticenergyofchargedparticles.Forreconnectiontooccur,thefrozen-inconditionmustbreakdowninalocalizedregion,commonlycalledthe‘diffusionregion’.InEarth’smagnetosphere,iondiffusionregionshavealreadybeenobserved,whileelectrondiffusionregionshavenotbeendetectedduetotheirsmallscales(oftheorderofafewkm)(Paschmann,2008).Inthispaperwereport,forthefirsttime,insituobservationsofanactiveelectrondiffusionregionbythefourClusterspacecraftattheEarth’shighlatitudemagnetopause.Theelectrondiffusionregionischaracterizedbynongyrotropicelectrondistribution,strongfield-alignedcurrentscarriedbyelectronsandbi-directionalsuper-Alfvénicelectronjets.Alsoobservedweremultiplemicro-scalefluxropes,withascalesizeofabout5c/ωpe(12km,withc/ωpetheelectroninertiallength),thatarecrucialforelectronaccelerationintheguide-fieldreconnectionprocess(Drakeetal.,2006a).Thedatademonstratetheexistenceoftheelectrondiffusionregionincollisionlessguide-fieldreconnectionatthemagnetopause.

简介：Theelectronbeamwelding-brazingbeingusedtojoin5A06AlalloytoTC4Tialloydecreasestheformationofbrittleintermetalliccompound.Experimentswerecarriedouttostudytheinfluenceofelectronbeamweldingparametersonthetensilestrengthofwelds,basedonanorthogonaltestandanalysismethod.Theweldingparametersincludebeamcurrent,weldingspeed,scanningfigure,scanningfrequency,figuresize,beamoffsetandfocuscurrent.Theoptimumparametersfor3mm5A06Alalloyand2mmTC4alloywereasfollows:accelerationvoltagewas60kV,beamcurrentwas11mA,weldingspeedwas600mm/min,focuscurrentwas0mA,scanfigurewasO,scanningfrequencywas1000Hzandbeamoffsetwas0.5mm.Theresultsshowthatthejointswerewithgoodappearanceandqualityweldedbytheoptimumparameters.ThesuccessfuljointscouldbegainedandthemaximumtensilestrengthofAl/Tidissimilaralloyjointscouldbeupto222.61MPausingelectronbeamwelding-brazing.

简介：StationarylongpulseplasmaofhighelectrontemperaturewasproducedonEASTforthefirsttimethroughanintegratedcontrolofplasmashape,divertorheatflux,particleexhaust,wallconditioning,impuritymanagement,andthecouplingofmultipleheatingandcurrentdrivepower.Adischargewithalowersinglenulldivertorconfigurationwasmaintainedfor103sataplasmacurrentof0.4MA,q95≈7.0,apeakelectrontemperatureof>4.5keV,andacentraldensityne（0）2.5×1019m-3.Theplasmacurrentwasnearlynon-inductive(Vloop<0.05V,poloidalbeta0.9)drivenbyacombinationof0.6MWlowerhybridwaveat2.45GHz,1.4MWlowerhybridwaveat4.6GHz,0.5MWelectroncyclotronheatingat140GHz,and0.4MWmodulatedneutraldeuteriumbeaminjectedat60kV.Thisprogressdemonstratedstrongsynergyofelectroncyclotronandlowerhybridelectronheating,currentdrive,andenergyconfinementofstationaryplasmaonEAST.Itfurtherintroducedanexampleofintegrated'hybrid'operatingscenarioofinteresttoITERandCFETR.