简介：Plasmamembrane(PM)Ca^2+-ATPaseactivityinpoplarapicalbudmeristematiccellsduringshort-day(SD)-induceddormancydevelopmentwasexaminedbyaceriumprecipitationEM-cytochemicalmethod.Ca^2+-ATPaseactivity,indicatedbythestatusofceriumphosphateprecipitatedgrains,waslocalizedmainlyontheinteriorface(cytoplasmicside)ofthePMwhenplantsweregrownunderlongdaysandreachedadeepdormancy.Afewreactionproductswerealsoobservedonthenuclearenvelope.Whenplantbudsweredevelopingdormancyafter28to42dofSDexposure,almostnoreactionproductswerepresentontheinteriorfaceofthePM.Incontrast,alargenumberofceriumphosphateprecipitatedgrainsweredistributedontheexteriorfaceofthePM.After70dofSDexposure,whenbudshaddevelopedadeepdormancy,thereactionproductsofCa^2+-ATPaseactivityagainappearedontheinteriorfaceofthePM.TheresultsseemedsuggestingthattwokindsofCa^2+-ATPasesmaybepresentonthePMduringtheSD-induceddormancyinpoplar.OneistheCa^2+-pumpingATPase,whichislocatedontheinteriorfaceofthePM,formaintainingandrestoringtheCa^2+homeostasis.Theothermightbeandecto-Ca^2+-ATPase,whichislocatedontheexteriorfaceofthePM,fortheexocytosisofcellwallmaterialsassuggestedbythefactofthecellwallthickeningduringthedormancydevelopmentinpoplar.

简介：ButtjointsofQCrO.8/1Cr2lNiSTiequal-thicknessdissimilarmaterialswereobtainedbyelectronbeamweldingwithfixedacceleratingvoltage60kVandfocuscurrent1.99A,changedelectronbeamcurrentandweldingvelocity.MicrostructureandcompositionoftheEBWjointwereinvestigatedbymeansofopticalmicrographyandEDXanalysis,mechanicalpropertiesofthejointwerealsotested.Theresultsshowthatjoint'smacrostructurewasdividedintothreezones:topweldzonenearQCrO.8andbottomweldzoneconsistingofCu(ss.Fe)withacertainamountofdispersedlydistributed(α+ε)mixedmicrostructure,middleweldzoneconsistingof(α+ε)microstracturewithasmallamountofCu(ss.Fe)particles.MorphologicalinhomogeneousmacrostructureandunevenchemicalcompostionofQCrO.8/1Cr21NiSTijointbyEBWarethemostimportantfactortoresultindecreasingjoiningstrength.

简介：Thisresearchexplorestheprospectoffabricatingaface-centeredcubic(fee)Ni-basealloycladding(Inconel690)onanfeeFe-basealloy(316Lstainless-steel)havingimprovedmechanicalpropertiesandreducedsensitivitytocorrosionthroughgrainboundaryandmicrostructureengineeringconceptsenabledbyadditivemanufacturing(AM)utilizingelectron-beampowderbedfusion(EPBF).TheuniquesolidificationandassociatedconstitutionalsupercoolingphenomenacharacteristicofEPBFpromotes[100]texturedandextendedcolumnargrainshavinglowerenergygrainboundariesasopposedtorandom,high-anglegrainboundaries,butnocoherent{111}twinboundariescharacteristicofconventionalthermo-mechanicallyprocessedfeemetalsandalloys,includingInconel690and316Lstainless-steel.Inadditionto[100]texturedgrains,columnargrainswereproducedbyEPBFfabricationofInconel690claddingson316Lstainless-steelsubstrates.Also,irregular2-3pimdiameter,lowenergysubgrainswereformedalongwithdislocationdensitiesvaryingfrom10^8to10^9cm^-2,andahomogeneousdistributionofCH3C6precipitates.Precipitateswereformedwithinthegrains(with-3μminterparticlespacing),butnotinthesubgrainorcolumnargrainboundaries.Theseinclusive,hierarchicalmicrostructuresproducedatensileyieldstrengthof0.527GPa,elongationof21%,andVickersmicroindentationhardnessof2.33GPafortheInconel690claddingincontrasttoatensileyieldstrengthof0.327GPa,elongationof53%,andVickersmicroindentationhardnessof1.78GPa,respectivelyforthewrought316Lstainlesssteelsubstrate.AgingofboththeInconel690claddingandthe316Lstainless-steelsubstrateat685℃for50hprecipitated623C6carbidesintheInconel690columnargrainboundaries,butnotinthelow-angle(andlowenergy)subgrainboundaries.Incontrast,Cr23C6carbidesprecipitatedinthe316Lstainless-steelgrainboundaries,butnotinthelowenergycoherent{111}twinboundaries.Consequently,the

简介：BasedontheHolsteinmodelHamiltonianofone-dimensionalmolecularcrystals,bymakinguseoftheexpansionapproachofthecorrelatedsqueezed-coherentstatesofphononinsteadofthetwo-phononcoherentstateexpansionscheme,thepropertiesofthegroundstateandtheanomalousquantumfluctuationsareinvestigatedinastronglycoupledelectron-phononsystemwithspecialconsiderationoftheelectron-two-phononinteraction.Theeffectiverenormalization(αi)ofthedisplacementofthesqueezedphononswiththeeffectofthesqueezed-coherentstatesofphononandboththeelectron-displacedphononandthepolaron-squeezedphononcorrelationshavebeencombinedtoobtaintheanomalousquantumfluctuationsforthecorrectionsofthecoherentstate.Duetothesenon-adiabaticcorrelations,theeffectivedisplacementparameterαiislargerthantheordinaryparameterα(0)i.Incomparisonwiththeelectron-one-phononinteraction(g)correctedasαig,wehavefoundtheelectron-two-phononinteraction(g1)correctedasαi2g1isenhancedsignificantly.Forthisreason,thegroundstateenergy(E(2)0)contributedbytheelectron-two-phononinteractionismorenegativethanthesingle-phononcase(E(1)0)andthesolitonsolutionismorestable.Atthesametime,theeffectsoftheelectron-two-phononinteractiongreatlyincreasethepolaronenergyandthequantumfluctuations.Furthermore,inadeeperlevel,wehaveconsideredtheeffectofthepolaron-squeezedphononcorrelation(f-correlation).Sincethiscorrelationparameterf>1,thiseffectwillstrengthentheelectron-oneandtwo-phononinteractionsbyfαigandf2αi2g1,respectively.Thefinalresultsshowthatthegroundstateenergyandthepolaronenergywillappearmorenegativefurtherandthequantumfluctuationswillgainfurtherimprovement.

简介：Anumberofnaphthalenedonorcompoundsthatpossessanadamantanaminebindingmoietyandan(OCH2CH2)n(nn1,2,3,4,6,8)spacerweresynthesized.Thefluorescencequenchingbetweenthesedonorsubstratesandmono-6-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-β-cyclodextrin(pNBCD)andmono-6-O-m-nitrobenzoyl-β-cyclodextrin(mNBCD)wasstudiedindetail.Itwasfoundthatveryefficientfluorescencequenchingcouldoccurinthesesupramolecularsystems.Thisquenchingwasattributedtothephotoinducedelectrontransferinsidethesupramolecularassemblybetweenthenaphthalenedonorsandcyclodextrinacceptors.DetailedStern-VolmerconstantsweremeasuredandtheywerepartitionedintodynamicStern-Volmerquenchingconstantsandstaticbindingconstants.Itwasdemonstratedthatthebindingconstantsbetweenallthenaphthalenecompoundsandcyclodextrinsarethesameastheypossessthesamebindingsite,i.e.,adamantanamine.