简介：Waterstridershaveremarkablewater-repellentlegsthatenablethemtostandeffortlesslyandmovequicklyonwater.Fluidphysicsindicatesthisfeatureisduetoasurface-tensioneffectcausedbythespecialhierarchicalstructureofthelegs,whicharecoveredwithalargenumberofinclinedsetaewithfinenanogroovesinducingwaterresistance.Thisinspiresustofabricatespecialwater-repellentstructureonfunctionalsurfacesthroughthecooperationbetweenthesurfacetreatmentandthesurfacemicro-andnanostructures,whichmaybringgreatadvantagesinawidevarietyofapplications.InthispaperwepresentaprocedureforfabricatingbiomimeticwaterstriderlegscoveredwithsetaeusingPolycarbonateTrack-Etched(PCTE)membranesastemplates.Bychoosingappropriatemembranelengths,diameters,pitchesanddensitiesofthesetae,thebiomimeticlegscanbefabricatedconvenientlyandatalowcost.Furthermoreweinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweenstiffnessofthemoldingmaterials,highaspectratioanddensity,whichaffectthefidelityoffabricationandselfadhesion,tooptimizethestabilityofsetae.Theknowledgewegainedfromthisstudywillofferimportantinsightsintothebiomimeticdesignandfabricationofwaterstridersetae.

简介：Thewater-solubleconjugatedpolyelectrolyte,poly[3-(1′-ethyloxy-2′-N-methylimidazole)thiophene](PEOIMT),wasprepared.Itsphotophysicalandelectrochemicalproperties,andresponsecharacteristicstotheexternalcondition(eg,temperatureresponse,solventresponseandpHresponse),wereinvestigated.TheresultsshowthePEOIMTbelongstotheorganicsemiconductor.TheinteractionbetweenthePEOIMTandthebovineserumalbumin(BSA)wasinvestigatedusingUV-visspectroscopy.ItwasfoundthatthePEOIMTcouldinteractwiththeBSA.ThePEOIMTcanbeusedasabiosensortodetecttheBSA.

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简介：Asoneofthemostimportanturbanlifelinesystems,awaterdistributionsystemcanbedamagedunderastrongearthquake,andthedamagecannoteasilybelocated,especiallyimmediatelyaftertheevent.Thisoftencausestremendousdifficultiestopost-earthquakeemergencyresponseandrecoveryactivities.Thispaperproposesamethodologytolocateseismicdamagetoawaterdistributionsystembymonitoringwatcrheadonlineatsomenodesinthewaterdistributionsystem.Anartificialneuralnetwork-basedinverseanalysismethodisdevelopedtoestimatethewaterheadvariationsatallnodesthatarenotmonitoredbasedonthewaterheadvariationsatthenodesthataremonitored.Themethodologyprovidesaquick,effective,andpracticalwaytolocateseismicdamagetoawaterdistributionsystem.

简介：ＷａｔｅｒＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＡｓｉａｎＲｅｇｉｏｎｉｎａＷａｒｍｅｒＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ￥Ｍ．Ｌａｌ（ＣｅｎｔｒｅｆｏｒＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＩｎｄｉａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＮｅｗＤｅｌｈ...

简介：1.INTRODUCTIONInconnectionwithexperimentalmodelinvestigationsofcavitationphenomenaatsubmergedbodiessocalledscaleeffectscanoccur.Inordertobeabletopredictthecavitationbehaviourofaprototypefrommodeltests,thesescaleeffectsmustbeknownandbetakenintoaccountbysimu-larityrelations.Inpreviousinvestigationstestbodyfamiliesofdifferentshapesandsizewereinvestigatedinwaterofdifferenttensilestrengthforcavitationinception.

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简介：Ｉ．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｔｕｄｙＡｒｅａＨａｉｈｅｂａｓｉｎｃｏｖｅｒｓａｎａｒｅａｏｆ３１８０００ｋｍ２，ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆＨｅｂｅｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇａｎｄＴｉａｎｊｉｎ，ｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄｐａｒｔｏ...

简介：瞄准靠近环的水系统，由方法关上某些subcircuit，并且解决尖网络，另外的subcircuits的计算流动偏差，然后与各种各样的因素分析稳定性的变化的规则，后面的结论被获得：当在主要管子中减少抵抗时，subcircuits的增加的抵抗，系统稳定性能被改进。由改变力量的集中的规定没在系统稳定性上有影响；由改变电阻愿望减少系统稳定性的集中的规定。泵特征曲线影响系统稳定性，扁平的特征的稳定性比陡峭的优异。为直接回来系统(医生)，来自热来源最远的subcircuit的稳定性是最糟。为反向的回来系统(RRS)，在管子网络的中间的subcircuit的稳定性有最糟的稳定性。总的来说，RRS的稳定性低于医生关键词靠近环的水系统的-稳定性-流动偏差-直接回来系统-反向的回来系统CLC数字TK172

简介：Naturalmonopoly,becauseofitsspontaneousornaturalcharacteristics,mosthavesomemysteriouscausesofreasonableness.Thus,theregulationstoitsefficiencylosswouldhaveadifferentwaycomparedtoothermonopolies.Thatthecharacteristicsofnaturalmonopoly,inthecaseofwaterindustry,arethattheinfrastructureinvestmentsareverylarge,mostofwhichareusedtobuildthetransportationsystem?Thewebsfortransportingtheirproductstotheircustomers,andtheproductsareidentitygoodsorservices.Byexaminingthecharacteristicsofnaturalmonopoly,thispaperproposedawaytobreakupandremodeltheindustryof""""""""naturalmonopoly'.Themainclueofremodelingisthatthegovemments,whorepresentthepublicandwhohavethepowertocontroloverpublicresources,shouldbuildandmaintainapublicwebplatformforthegoods'transportationuses,andbreakupthebarrieroftheentrysoastoproduceamarket-orientedcompetitivestructure,Therunningmodelandtheconditionofremodelingareputforwardandthecost-revenueanalysisoftheoperationisbrieflyunderconsideration.

简介：ThispaperdescribestheNiiMiprocessdesignedtotreatlandscapewater.ThemainaimoftheresearchwastoinvestigatethefeasibilityofNiiMiforremovingorganicandnutrimentmaterialsfromlandscapewater.Duringthebatch-scaleNiiMioperation,theremovalratesofcolorrangedfrom66.7%-80%,ofturbidityfrom31.7%-89.3%,ofchemicaloxygendemand(COD)from7%-36.5%,oftotalphosphor(TP)from43%-84.2%,ofsolublephosphatefrom42.9%-100%,oftotalnitrogen(TN)from4.2%-46.7%,andofNH4+-Nfrom39.3%-100%atthehydraulicloadingof0.2m3/(m2·d).ResultsshowedthattheremovalefficienciesofCOD,TP,solublephosphateandTNdecreasedwiththedeclineinthetemperature.TheNiiMiprocesshadastrongshockloadingabilityfortheremovaloftheorganics,turbidity,TP,solublephosphate,TNandNH4+-N.Threesodiumchloridetracerstudieswereconducted,labeledasTS1,TS2,andTS3,respectively.Themeanhydraulicretentiontimes(meanHRTs)were31hand28hforTS1andTS2,respectively,indicatingtheoccurrenceofadeadzonevolumeof12%and20%forTS1andTS2,respectively.TS1andTS2displayedtheoccurrenceofshort-circuitingintheNiiMisystem.ThecomparisonresultsbetweenTS1andTS2werefurtherconfirmedinthevaluesobtainedforsomeindicators,suchasvolumetricefficiency(e),short-circuiting(S),hydraulicefficiency(λ)andnumberofcontinuouslystirredtankreactors(N).

简介：以便评估水分发系统的地震可靠性并且相应地做康复决定，估计管道损坏状态并且基于管子漏模型进行功能的分析是必要的。当地震发生了时，水分发系统不停地与漏服务。由与漏在管道的中心增加一个虚拟节点，压力驱动的分析的一条有效途径为模仿许多低相对情形被开发，并且一个水力的漏模型也被造与地震损坏执行水供应网络的水力的分析。然后，mean-first-order-second-moment方法被用来分析水分发系统的地震有用性。根据评价分析，被破坏或突现地在重漏被孤立并且修理的管子，它改进了水供应网络的能力并且将为提高系统的地震可靠性组成基础。水分发系统上的地震可靠性和康复决定分析的建议途径被表明通过案例研究有效。

简介：AccordingtotheresultsofthewaterandsedimentregulationsoftheYellowRiverinyear2002—2007,theeffectoferosionanddepositiononthelowerreaches,theamountanddistributionoferosionanddepositionintherivermoutharea,theadjustmentofriverregime,theeffectofriverregulationprojectsandchangesofflowingcapacityofthechannelareanalyzed.Itisrevealedthatthewaterandsedimentregulationisefficienttoreducedepositionandimprovetheflowingcapacityandtheconditionsofsedimenttransport.

简介：微地形学;小地貌是影响分开，运输，和流量的侵蚀过程的高地区域的一个重要表面特征。然而，很少量的信息都不关于在微地形学和沉积产出的表面之间的关系是可得到的。实验室降雨模拟研究被进行为四不同侵蚀决定易受影响的土壤在微地形学和沉积各在0.75h持续时间和60公里h^-1紧张的一系列6～8暴风雨期间产出的表面的变化。选择的土壤是Grenada的Ap材料sil(GlossicFragiudalfs)，Atwoodsil(TypicPaleudalfs)，和Forestdalesicl(TypicOchraqualfs)，以及C材料，Glauconitic沉积，Rustonsil(TypicPaleudalfs)。土壤床与一个像苗床的表面条件在斜槽被准备。在所有前并且在每暴风雨以后，表面微地形学用激光microreliefmeter被决定。微地形学;小地貌，以吝啬的本地地志的坡度，和流量数据表示了在四土壤之中显示一个很类似的模式。沉积集中的开始快速的增加，它快速到达了最大值然后逐渐地减少了到一个近的常数在暴风雨系列的结束珍视的数据表演。沉积产量仔细由于近经常的流量率跟随了沉积集中趋势。微地形学在第一暴风雨期间，但是然后很快改变了的表面减少了对为大多数在顺序的以后的暴风雨的近似经常的价值更渐渐。在沉积yield-microtopography关系中的三个不同阶段被认出：(1)preponding分阶段执行，(2)增加池溏的沉积产量分阶段执行的一根柱子，并且(3)一根柱子减少池溏的沉积收益阶段。这些阶段在粗糙驱散，小河发展，和土壤表面的土壤侵蚀过程的相对重要性反映变化矩阵稳定。

简介：称片的方法被用来调查不同水泥(灰)浆的不饱和的水运输。锋利的弄湿前面存在在期间的试验性的结果表演浇运输，运输能被一个非线性的散开方程描述，；搬运有水的各种各样的规则材料满足的不同材料展览的系数。所有各种各样的水里的水泥(灰)浆的苍蝇灰减少运输系数的增加满足，甚至变化运输机制。

简介：Ourobjectiveisabetterunderstandingoftheroleofphysicalpropertiesofrealfluidsinthethermodynamicsofcavitationinimpurewater.Anextensiontotheclassicalhomogenousnucleationtheorysuitableformixturesispresentedinattempttoaddressthediscrepancybetweenthetheoreticalpredictionsandpracticalobservationsofcavitationratesinwateratnormaltemperatures.Theextensiontakesintoaccoutthenon-equilibrium(dissipative)effectsinvolvedinnucleiformationthroughasubstancedependentcorrectioncoefficienttobedeterminedexperimentally.Thetheoryofthermodynamicfluctuationsisappliedtoderivetheworkofformationofabubblenucleus.Thevalueofthecorrectioncoefficientisestimatedusingpreliminaryexperimentaldatafromaconvergent-divergentnozzle.Anapplicationoftheresultstothenumericalpredictionofthecavitationzonesinaradial-flowwaterpumpisshown.

简介：Thenaturalsupplyoflandresourcesislimited,buttheeconomicsupplymaychangealongwithsocialandeconomicdevelopment,anditssizeisdecidedbyenatureandsocialandeconomicbodyconditions.Whenthesupplyingabilityoflandresourcesthreatensthedevelopmentofsocietyandtheconflictbetweenpeopleandlandbecomestense,itforcedpeopletoim-provelandutilizationandtoincreasetheeffectivesupplyoflandresources.ThepapermadeanoverallconsiderationonthecharacteristicsoftheirrigatedfarmingandthefrailecologicalenvironmentinFuhaiCounty,AltayArea,XinjiangUigurAutonomousRegionandexploredlandarrangementplanningaswellaswaterresourceplanningandenvironmentalprotection.Thepaperevaluatednaturalresources,landutilizationandwaterresourceofthecasestudyareasandfocusedonthespatio-temporalbalancebetweentheutilizationofwaterandlandresources.Intheendthepaperafeasibleplanwasmadeoutforthelandarrangementproject.

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简介：Thestudyinthispaperisfocusingontrajectoriesofparticlesintheirrotationalprogressivewaterwavescoexistingwithuniformcurrent.TheparametricequationsofparticletrajectoriesoverarangeoflevelsinaLagrangiantypeofdescriptionaredevelopedanalyticallyviatheEuler-Lagrangetransformation.TheLagrangianwaveperiodofparticlemotiondifferingfromtheEulerianwaveperiodandthemasstransportcanalsobeobtaineddirectly.Thethird-ordersolutionofparticletrajectoryexhibitsthattheydonotmoveinclosedorbitalmotionbutrepresentanetmovementthatdecreasesexponentiallywiththewaterdepth.Uniformcurrentisfoundtohavesignificanteffectonthetrajectoriesanddriftvelocityofgravitywaves.Overall,theinfluenceofincreaseduniformcurrentistoincreasetherelativehorizontaldistancetraveledbyaparticle,aswellasthemagnitudeofthetime-averageddriftvelocityonthefreesurface.Foradversecurrentcases,areversebehaviorisfound.Theobtainedthird-ordersolutionssatisfytheirrotationalconditioncontrastedtotheGerstnerwavesandareverifiedbyreducingtothoseoftwo-dimensionalgravitywavesinLagrangiancoordinates.