简介：Nearisogeniclinescarryinglarge-effectQTL(qtl12.1),whichhasaconsistentinfluenceongrainyieldunderuplanddroughtstressconditionsinawiderangeofenvironments,wereevaluatedunderwaterstressinthefields.Thelinewhichgavehigheryieldunderdroughtwascrossedwithalocaleliteline,PMK3,andforwardedtoF2:3generation.SignificantvariationwasfoundamongtheF2:3linesforagronomictraitsunderwaterstressinthefields.Lowtohighbroadsenseheritability(H)forinvestigatedtraitswasalsofound.Waterstressindicatorssuchasleafrollingandleafdryingwerenegativelycorrelatedwithplantheight,biomassandgrainyieldunderstress.Bulkedsegregantanalysis(BSA)wasperformedwiththemarkersinthevicinityofqtl12.1,andRM27933wasfoundtobesegregatedperfectlywellinindividualcomponentsofdroughtresistantanddroughtsusceptiblebulkswhichwerebulkedbasedonyieldunderwaterstressamongF2:3lines.Hence,thissimpleandbreederfriendlymarker,RM27933,maybeusefulasapotentiallyvaluablecandidatemarkerforthetransferoftheQTLqtl12.1intheregionalbreedingprogram.BioinformaticanalysisoftheDNAsequenceoftheqtl12.1regionwasalsodonetoidentifyandanalyzepositionalcandidategenesassociatedwiththisQTLandtoascertaintheputativemolecularbasisofqtl12.1.

简介：批评水碳二氧化物二元(物)系被建议在潜水艇生产5-hydroxymethyl-furaldehyde(5-HMF)的为纤维素的分解的一个方法。一系列实验在一个批反应容器被执行。纤维素的分解的主要产品是5-HMF，糠醛，levulinic并且1，2，4-benzenetriol。为5-HMF的准备的最佳条件作为523.15K，5.0%二氧化碳莫耳分率，和30min反应被发现时间。到水的二氧化碳的增加导致了到纤维素的分解到5-HMF。当罐头从产品的分发被看见，纤维素的分解机制类似于D葡萄糖的热水的反应并且D果糖。

简介：在这个实验的斜杠处理的三个方法不是处理，长带堆并且烧。从这研究获得的结果证明土壤侵蚀，水和滋养的损失在由由堆的没有处理和长带比在记载的区域烧的记载的区域是更高的。当记载的区域的斜坡度是不到16o时，土壤和水损失不是严肃的。种的幼苗的幸存率更高，生长在由堆的没有处理和长带比在记载的区域烧跟随的记载的区域更好。当斜坡多于23o时，烧不应该被使用。

简介：由于山论的阻塞，弱风醒来在华南海发生在夏天离开东北越南。在风下面醒来，温暖的水从两个高分辨率的卫星数据和水道学的观察被观察。温暖的水的wake在6月形成，继续在7月和8月成熟，开始在9月腐烂，并且消失在10月。温暖的水也弄醒表演柔韧日报它在日子期间加强并且在夜里变弱的变化。温暖的水醒来能通过导致风的混合被产生并且热(潜伏的热流动)过程。在这份报纸，一个混合的层模型被用来分别地在季节、日报的timescales上评估二个过程的相对重要性。结果比导致风的混合在季节的timescale上处理的证明热过程做更大的贡献到wake，当时温暖的水醒来被导致风的混合统治过程在上一日报timescale。

简介：Inviewofthepoorwatersupplysystem'snetworkproperties,thesystem'scomplicatednetworkhydraulicequationswerereplacedbymacroscopicnodalpressuremodelandthemodelofrelationshipbetweensupplyflowandwatersourcehead.Byusingpump-stationpressureheadandinitialtankwaterlevelsasdecisionvariables,themodelofoptimalallocationofwatersupplybetweenpump-sourceswasdeveloped.Geneticalgorithmwasintroducedtodealwiththemodelofoptimalallocationofwatersupply.Methodsforhandlingeachconstraintconditionwereputforward,andovercometheshortcomingsuchasprematureconvergenceofgeneticalgorithm;asolvingmethodwasbroughtforwardinwhichgeneticalgorithmwascombinedwithsimulatedannealingtechnologyandself-adaptivecrossoverandmutationprobabilitieswereadopted.Anapplicationexampleshowedthefeasibilityofthisalgorithm.

简介：Asoneofthekeysafetyproblems,themotionperformanceandtouchingseabottomofaFPSOarepaidmuchattentionbytheoceanoilcompanieswhentheFPSOisexposedtosurvivalstormsintheshallow-waterworkingareas.Inthispaper,timedomainnumericalsimulationsarecarriedoutona160kDWTFPSOwithaYokemootingsystemmooredintheBZ25-1oilfieldwithawaterdepthof16.7m.Theresultsarecomparedwiththoseofthecorrespondingmodeltests.Goodagreementshowsthatthetime-domainsimulationscanbeusedtopredicttheperformanceoftheFPSOinshallow-waterreasonably.ItisfoundthatthetouchofseabedbyafullyloadedFPSOoccurredfewtimesundersurvivalstormconditions.Therefore,theFPSOshouldbelessloadedthanthatinthefullyloadedconditionunderthesurvivalstorms.

简介：Climaticcharacteristicsoftropicalstratosphericmethanehavebeenwellresearchedusingvarioussatellitedata,andnumericalsimulationshavefurtherlyconductedusingchemicalclimaticmodels,whiletheimpactoftropica1stratosphericmethaneoxidationontropicaldistributionofwatervaporisnotpaidenoughattentioningeneralcirculationmodels.Parameterizationofmethaneoxidationistakenintoaccounttodealwiththechemicalmoisturizingactionduetothemethaneoxidationinthispaper.NumericalsimulationandanalysisoftheinfluenceofstratosphericmethaneonthepredictionoftropicalstratosphericmoistureandtemperaturefieldsusinggeneralcirculationmodelisconductedusingheavystormcasesincludingaheavyraininSouthChinaandatyphooncausedtropicalstorm.Theresultsshowobviousimpactofmethaneoxidationontheforecastingprecipitation.Itisdemonstratedthatthestratosphericwatervaporinthetropicissignificantlyremediedbyintroducingofparameterizationofmethaneoxidation.Andpredictionofstratospherictemperatureisaccordinglymodified,especiallyinthelowerstratospherewithin30°N.Theverificationofmonthlymeanofforecastanomalycorrelation(ACC)androotmeansquare(RMS)errorsoverthetropicsindicatedthattheimpactofstratosphericmethaneisneutralastotheforecastofgeopotentialheight,andpositivetotheforecastoftemperatureandwindsoverthetropics.

简介：cytosine的tautomers和相关含水的tautomers上的AbinitioMP2和DFT研究被执行了。cytosine和相关转变状态的四tautomers的地面状态结构充分被优化。震动的频率分析在所有优化结构上被执行。详细内在的反应坐标(IRC)计算被执行保证被连接到相关tautomers的优化转变状态结构。我们为cytosine的tautomers和相关含水的tautomers获得了相对稳定性顺序。在里面孤立并且含水的条件，C(2)O(7)的契约类型和C(4)N(8)极大地影响cytosinetautomers的稳定性。而且，我们在在keto和cytosinetautomers的enol形式之间的intramolecular质子转移上探索了水分子的影响。第一个水分子显然减少为monohydratedcytosinetautomers的异构化激活精力。第二和第三个水分子什么时候在反应环被增加，被显示出异构化精力障碍仅仅有点变化。溶剂效果在孤立的cytosine的质子转移障碍上有明显的影响。然而，溶剂效果似乎为monohydrated，dihydrated和trihydratedcytosine的异构化精力障碍不足道。在这些建筑群的水分子能被看作明确的水。因此，明确的水模型可能是更可信的探索intramolecular质子转移，与是含蓄的水模型的PCM比较。

简介：Consideringthespecialresistancecharacteristicsoffluidsflowingthroughductswithsmallgaps,experimentsareperformedtoinvestigatetheresistancecharacteristicsofsingle-phasewater,whichisforcedtoflowthroughverticalannuli.Thegapsizesare0.9,1.4and2.4mm,respectively.Theexperimentsareconductedunderconditionof1atm.Thewaterintheannuliisheatedbyhightemperaturewaterreverselyflowingthroughtheinnertubeandtheouterannulus.TheresultsshowthattheflowpatternbegintochangefromlaminartoturbulentbeforeReynoldsnumberapproaches2000,theflowresistanceinannulushaslittlerelationswiththetemperaturedifferenceandwaysofbeingheated,butmainlydependsontheratioofmassfluxtothewidthofannulus.

简介：such type of scheme is extnded to the 2D shallow water equations. A finite volume method on arbitrary quadrilateral elements is presented to solve shallow water flow problems with complex boundaries and having discontinuities.,A high-resolution finite volume numerical method for solving the shallow water equations is developed in this paper. In order to extend finite difference TVD scheme to finite volume method,Fig. 3(a) Water surface elevation for a rectangular dam-break Fig. 3(b) Contour of surface elevation for a rectangular dam-break

简介：Basedonthemechanismoftheeffectofhydrationontheheatstabilityoflysozymeandthetheoryofwatermoleculeclusters,theeffectofstructure-changedwateronheatstabilityoflysozymehasbeenstudied.Theresultsobtainedbydifferentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC)showedthatthethermaldenaturationtemperatureoflysozymehadbeenelevated8.47Kthroughhydrationoflysozymewithprocessedwaterwhosestructurehadbeenchangedsoitwascalled'structuredwater'comparedtoordinarywater.Thereasonisthatstructuredwaterchangedthedipolemomentofwatermoleculesandeasilyformedcyclicwaterhexamerorcage-likewaterhexamer,sothattheinteractingforceofmaintainingthree-dimensionalconformationoflysozymecouldbereinforced.

简介：Thispaperinvestigatesthestabilityofnitrogennanobubblesunderdifferentconcentrationsofnitrogenmoleculesbymoleculardynamicssimulations.Itisfoundthatthestabilityofnanobubblesisverysensitivetotheconcentrationofnitrogenmoleculesinwater.Asharptransitionbetweendispersestatesandassemblestatesofnitrogenmoleculesisobservedwhentheconcentrationofnitrogenmoleculesischanged.Therelevantcriticalconcentrationofnitrogenmoleculesneededbytheexistingnitrogennanobubblesisanalyzed.

简介：WoodsfromKoreanLarch,ChineseFir,Aspens,Manchumian,andFortunesPaulowniawerechosenforinvestigation.Specimenscutfromtheair-driedwoodshadacubicshapewithnominalair-driedsizeof17.0mmand8.5mm.Oven-diedspecimenswereputincontainersfilledwithwaterandwatersorptionwasimplementedatatmosphericpressureandroomtemperature.ResultsfromtheexperimentcouldnotdescribedexactlybythemodelofsteadystateflowfromDarcy'law.Anempiricalequationisputforwardfo...

简介：到萤火虫的调节颜色的机制的明确的水分子的贡献被学习。明确的水分子在keto的几何参数引起二不同结构(在vacuo和水的答案的-1)。吸收和排放系列上有有点更大的影响。当水分子仅仅在benzothiazole戒指的方面上被增加时，系列变到蓝色。相反，当水仅仅在thiazoline戒指的方面上被增加时，系列变到红。简言之，射出的光的颜色调整取决于分子keto的费用再分配(主要，benzothiazole和thiazole的费用变化在keto在二个终端包围的-1),(-1)。

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简介：Inordertoobtainthesolubilitydataofpropylenein2-propanol-watersolutions,gas-liquidequilibrium(GLE)experimentswerecarriedoutat303.15-333.15K,0.27-0.98MPainastaticequilibriumstill.Theoriginalmassratioof2-propanoltowaterwas9∶1,8∶2,7∶3,1∶0,respectively.TheequilibriumdatawerecorrelatedwithanempiricalmodelandtheregressionofmodelparameterswascompletedbyGauss-Newtonnonlinearleastsquare(NLS).Theaveragerelativedeviation(ARD)betweentheexperimentalandcalculatedvalueis1.5700,andthemaximumrelativedeviation(MRD)is4.8200.Inaddition,asimpleapproachthatcorrelatedthemodelparameterswiththesystemcompositionwasalsoprovided.

简介：在这份报纸，我们在场supercooled上的大小浇的深无弹性的中子散布的结果(吵闹)在毛孔以内限制了(平均毛孔直径~20)经由大音阶的第五音胶化方法通过alkoxide先锋Tetra-Methyl-Ortho硅酸盐的水解作用和polycondensation获得的一个混乱吸水的硅石矩阵。实验在二温度被执行(250K和210K，即在supercooled的通常认为的liquidliquid转变限制了水前后)在有hydrationh~40%w/w的一件湿样品上，它足够高有充满水的毛孔但是对足够低避免水结晶化。7%也是的几乎干燥的样品ath~调查了测量硅石矩阵的贡献到散布信号的中子。这是众所周知的，吵闹大小在系统允许吝啬的动能的决心和氢原子的动量分发因此，允许研究人员探查supercooled的本地结构限制的水。获得的主要结果是在210K，氢平均数动能比在250K稍微高相等或平。这与最近建议在水里描述氢的动能的温度依赖的一个semiempirical泛音模型的预言是不一致的。这是新、很有趣的结果，它建议在210K，水氢比在250K经历一个更生硬的分子间的潜力。这与liquidliquid转变假设一致。

简介：ＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＫｕｒｏｓｈｉｏｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｓｈｅｌｆｗａｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅＴｓｕｓｈｉｍａＣｕｒｒｅｎｔｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｎｓｕｍｍｅｒＧｕｏＢｉｎｇｈｕｏ，１Ｈｅｕｎｇ－ＪａｅＬｉｅ２ａｎｄＪａｅＨａｋＬｅｅ２（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＳｅ...

简介：Oxygenisotopefractionationwasexperimentallystudiedinthequartz-wolframite-watersystemfrom200to420℃.ThestartingwolframitewassynthexizedinaqueoussolutionsofNa2WOR·2H2O+FeCl2·4H2OorMnCl2·4H2O.Thestartingsolutionsrangeinsalinityfrom0to10equivalentwt.%NaCl.Experimentswereconductedinagold-linedstainlesssteelautoclave,withfillingdegreesofabout50%.Theresultsshowednosignificantdifferenceindquilibriumisotopefractionationbetweenwaterandwolframite,ferberiteandhuebneriteatthesametemperature(310℃）.Theequilibriumoxygenisotopefractionationfactorsofwolframiteandwatertendtobeequalwithincreasingtemperatureabove370℃.buttoincreasesignificantlywithdecreasingtemperaturebelow370℃.