简介：Thedesignprincipleandstructuralfeaturesofanewtypedual-channelground-basedmicrowaveradiometerformeasurementofwatervaporandliquidwaterintropospherearediscussed.Amethodindependentofradiosondedataisusedforsystemabsolutecalibrations.Astatisticalmethodforretrievingthetotalwatervaporandcloudliquidwatercontentandanonlineariterativealgorithmforretrievingthewatervaporprofilesinthetropospherearediscussed.Comparisonisconductedbetweenthemeasurementoftheintegratedamountsofthewatervaporandthetroposphericvaporprofilesbytheradiometerandtheradiosondedata.

简介：在这研究，通过了台湾海峡的三热带气旋(TC)被分析；我们的结果与TC的紧张有关直接证明降水不是。从水预算的观点，潮湿流动集中主导、贡献为在在陆地上的海洋和几乎所有上的TC降水的70%潮湿，特别在TC发行量内。他们的空间分布也是类似的。蒸发在海洋上为降水贡献了30%潮湿，但是与时间改变了很少。潮湿流动集中能被划分成二部分：弯屈集中和潮湿移流。潮湿流动集中主要由于风集中，它在TC的西南的象限是主导的。潮湿移流位于北区域，并且当TC接近了陆地时，变得相对重要。潮湿流动集中和它的二部分在TC运动期间变化了，与乍见陆地加强和近在场的潮湿集中的收缩。三个TC盒子的垂直结构都显示潮湿集中主要在800hPa下面被限制到更低的空气，一个弱分叉区域在在550hPa附近的中间的对流层是在场的。

简介：ＷａｔｅｒＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＡｓｉａｎＲｅｇｉｏｎｉｎａＷａｒｍｅｒＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ￥Ｍ．Ｌａｌ（ＣｅｎｔｒｅｆｏｒＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＩｎｄｉａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＮｅｗＤｅｌｈ...

简介：ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅＭｅａｎＷａｔｅｒＶａｐｏｒＴｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｏｖｅｒＭｏｎｓｏｏｎＡｓｉａＹｉＬａｎ（伊兰）（ＩｎｓｈｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉ...

简介：半含蓄的算法流行地被用来在数字模型处理重力的术语。在这份报纸，我们采用特征的方法在一个浅水模型用一个semi-Lagrangian移流计划直接在一个范围上为严肃波浪计算答案而不是半含蓄的方法，到避免昂贵的矩阵倒置。semi-Lagrangian计划的采纳为任何报纸数字使数字模型变为总是稳定，并且它节省中央处理器时间。为了说明特征的效率，抑制了插值侧面(CIP)方法，一些数字结果在Yin-Yang格子系统在一个范围上为理想化的测试用例被显示出。关键词特征CIP方法-浅水的模型-Yin-Yang格子-semi-Lagrangian计划-严肃波浪

简介：Climaticcharacteristicsoftropicalstratosphericmethanehavebeenwellresearchedusingvarioussatellitedata,andnumericalsimulationshavefurtherlyconductedusingchemicalclimaticmodels,whiletheimpactoftropica1stratosphericmethaneoxidationontropicaldistributionofwatervaporisnotpaidenoughattentioningeneralcirculationmodels.Parameterizationofmethaneoxidationistakenintoaccounttodealwiththechemicalmoisturizingactionduetothemethaneoxidationinthispaper.NumericalsimulationandanalysisoftheinfluenceofstratosphericmethaneonthepredictionoftropicalstratosphericmoistureandtemperaturefieldsusinggeneralcirculationmodelisconductedusingheavystormcasesincludingaheavyraininSouthChinaandatyphooncausedtropicalstorm.Theresultsshowobviousimpactofmethaneoxidationontheforecastingprecipitation.Itisdemonstratedthatthestratosphericwatervaporinthetropicissignificantlyremediedbyintroducingofparameterizationofmethaneoxidation.Andpredictionofstratospherictemperatureisaccordinglymodified,especiallyinthelowerstratospherewithin30°N.Theverificationofmonthlymeanofforecastanomalycorrelation(ACC)androotmeansquare(RMS)errorsoverthetropicsindicatedthattheimpactofstratosphericmethaneisneutralastotheforecastofgeopotentialheight,andpositivetotheforecastoftemperatureandwindsoverthetropics.

简介：ＴＨＥＳＣＩＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＷＡＴＥＲＭＡＮＡＧＥＭＥＮＴＩＮＷＩＮＴＥＲＷＨＥＡＴＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＥＣＯＮＯＭＩＣＢＥＮＥＦＩＴＳＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＣＨＩＮＡＡｎＳｈｕｎｑｉｎｇ（安顺清）ａｎｄＬｉｕＧｅｎｇｓｈａｎ（刘庚山）Ｒｅｓｅａｒ...

简介：Basedontheremotesensingdata,theradiosondedataandprecipitationdataobservedbyweatherstations,distributionsofatmosphericwater-vaporandcloudmotionwindovertheQilianMountainsareanalyzed.Moreover,onthebasisofwater-vaporandcloudmotionwindanalyses,relationsofatmosphericwater-vapordistributionwithprecipitation,atmosphericcirculation,andterrainareinvestigated.Theresultsshowthatdistributionsofatmosphericwater-vaporandprecipitationintheQilianMountainsareaffectedbythewesterlybelt,thesoutherlymonsoon(theSouthAsianmonsoonandplateaumonsoon),andtheEastAsianmonsoon.InthenorthwestQilianMountains,water-vaporandprecipitationaxeentirelyaffectedbythewesterlybelt,andthereisnootherdirectionwater-vaportransportexceptwesterlywater-vaporflux,hence,thenorthwestregionisregardedasthewesterlybeltregion.Inthesouthandmiddleofthemountains,water-vaporismainlycontrolledbythesoutherlymonsoon,37.7%ofthetotalwater-vaporisfromthesouth,especiallyinsummer,thesoutherlywater-vaporfluxaccountsfor55.9%ofthetotal,andfurthermorethewater-vaporcontentinthesoutherlyflowismorethanthatinthewesterlyflow.Thesoutherlymonsoonwater-vaporisinfluencedbytheSouthAsianmonsoonfromtheIndianOceanandtheplateaumonsoonintheQinghai-TibetanPlateau,thus,thesouthandmiddleregioniscalledsoutherlymonsoonregion.ButinthenortheastQilianMountains,theEastAsianmonsoonisthemainclimatesystemaffectingthewater-vapor.Besideswestandnorthwestwater-vaporfluxes,therearealotofeasterlywater-vaporfluxesinsummer.Thefrequencyofeasterlycloudmotionwindsinsummerhalfyearaccountsfor27.1%ofthetotal,thoughthefrequencyisnothigh,itisthemainwater-vaporsourceofsummerprecipitationinthisregion,therefore,thenorthwestregionisamarginalregionoftheEastAsianmonsoon.Ontheotherhand,atmosphericwater-vapor,precipitation,andconversionrateofwater-vaporintopre

简介：潮湿运输和在东北中国的普遍大雨和本地大雨事件的预算的特征从1961鈥?在东北中国用NCEP-NCAR分析6-hourly和每日的数据和200个车站的每日的降水数据被学习005。结果证明在有在东北中国的普遍大雨的时期期间，亚洲季风是很活跃的并且monsoonal向北方，潮湿运输显著地被加强。普遍重降雨从水蒸汽主要从亚洲季风区域发源的大区域获得提高的水蒸汽供应，它包括东方亚洲副热带的季风区域，华南海，和东南和西南热带季风区域。有在华东和它的沿海的区域上收敛的monsoonal潮湿电流的几个分支，在他们向北方被加强然后继续进东北中国的地方。因此，向北方提高了monsoonal潮湿运输是在东北中国的普遍大雨的关键。相反，在东北中国的本地重降雨从有限区域导出水蒸汽，由westerlies搬运了。本地蒸发也在水蒸汽供应和潮湿的本地再循环过程起一个重要作用。简言之，东北中国的普遍大雨主要走水路被引起亚洲季风带的蒸汽移流，而本地重降雨被西的风地的集中主要引起。

简介：TheaimofthisworkisanimprovementoftheparameterizationofthesoilmoistureintheschemeoftheLandSurfaceProcessModel(LSPM)forapplicationsoverdesertareas.Infact,inverydryconditions,thewatervapourfluxplaysanimportantroleintheevaporationprocessesandinfluencestheundergroundprofilesofhumidityandtemperature.TheimprovedversionofsoilmoistureparametcrizationintheLSPMschemehasbeencheckedbyusingthedatatakenfromthedatabaseofthefieldexperimentHAPEX-Sahel(Hydrology-AtmospherePilotExperimentintheSahel,1990-1992).ModelsimulationsrefertothreedifferentstationslocatedinNiger(Fallow,MilletandTigersites)whereinputdataforLSPMandobservationsweresimultaneouslyavailable.TheresultsofsimulationstakingintoaccountthewatervapourfluxinthesoilmodelLSPM,seemtocomparebetterwiththeobservedbehaviourofsoilmoistureandturbulentheatfluxesthanthoseoverlookingthewatervapourflux,confirmingthegreatimportanceofthewatervapourinsuchdryconditions.

简介：

简介：TheChineseAcademyofMeteorologicalSciences(CAMS)hasbeendevotedtodevelopingaclimatesystemmo-del(CSM)tomeetdemandforclimatesimulationandpredictionfortheEastAsianregion.Inthisstudy,weevaluatedtheperformanceofCAMS-CSMinregardtosensibleheatflux(H),latentheatflux(LE),surfacetemperature,soilmoisture,andsnowdepth,focusingontheAtmosphericModelIntercomparisonProjectexperiment,withtheaimofparticipatingintheCoupledModelIntercomparisonProjectphase6.WesystematicallyassessedthesimulationresultsachievedbyCAMS-CSMforthesevariablesagainstvariousreferenceproductsandgroundobservations,includingtheFLUXNETmodeltreeensemblesHandLEdata,ClimatePredictionCentersoilmoisturedata,snowdepthclimatologydata,andChinesegroundobservationsofsnowdepthandwintersurfacetemperature.WecomparedtheseresultswithdatafromtheECMWFInterimreanalysis(ERA-Interim)andGlobalLandDataAssimilationSystem(GLDAS).OurresultsindicatedthatCAMS-CSMsimulationswerebetterthanorcomparabletoERA-Interimreanalysisforsnowdepthandwintersurfacetemperatureatregionalscales,butslightlyworsewhensimulatingtotalcolumnsoilmoisture.Theroot-mean-squaredifferencesofHinCAMS-CSMwereallgreaterthanthosefromtheERA-Interimreanalysis,butlessthanorcomparabletothosefromGLDAS.ThespatialcorrelationsforHinCAMS-CSMwerethelowestinnearlyallregions,exceptforNorthAmerica.CAMS-CSMLEproducedthelowestbiasinSiberia,NorthAmerica,andSouthAmerica,butwiththelowestspatialcorrelationcoefficients.Therefore,therearestillscopesforimprovingHandLEsimulationsinCAMS-CSM,particularlyforLE.

简介：在3月16-17,2008日，海雾在广东省的西方在Dianbai发生了并且被高压的摘要的system.Using伴随全面观察数据集，这研究在这海雾期间分析液体水内容的进化并且调查海雾显示出的在液体水内容和平均直径和主要结果表现为的exchanges.The跟随的雾微滴，空气温度，风速度和骚乱的计数密度(1)之间的关系伪每

简介：WatertankexperimentswerecarriedouttoinvestigatethethermalconvectionduetothebottomheatinginanasymmetricalvalleyunderneutralandstablystratifiedapproachflowswiththeParticleImageVelometry(PIV)visualizationtechnique.Intheneutralstratificationapproachflow,theascendingdraftinducedbybottomheatingismainlylocatedinthecenterofthevalleyincalmambientwind.However,withambientwindflow,thethermalconvectionisshiftedleeward,andthedescendingdraftislocatedontheleewardsideofthevalley,whiletheascendingdraftislocatedonthewindwardside.Thedescendingdraftisminorlyturbulentandorganized,whiletheascendingdraftishighlyturbulent.Withtheincreaseofthetowingspeed,thedescendingandascendingdraftsinducedbythemechanicalelevationbegintoplayamoredominantroleinthevalleyflow,whiletheroleofthethermalconvectioninthevalleyairflowbecomeslimited.Inthestablestratificationapproachflow,thethermalconvectionislimitedbythestablestratificationandnodistinctcirculationisformedincalmambientwind.Withambientwind,agravitywaveappearsintheupperlayerinthevalley.Withtheincreaseoftheambientwindspeed,agravitywaveplaysanimportantroleinthevalleyflow,andthelocationandintensityofthethermalconvectionarealsomodulatedbythegravityinternalwaves.Thethermalconvectionhasdifficultypenetratingtheupperstablelayer.Itsexchangeislimitedbetweentheairintheupperlayerandthatinthelowerlayerinthevalley,anditisadversetothediffusionofpollutantsinthevalley.

简介：

简介：Aglobalcoupledair-seamodelofshallowwaterwaveisdevelopedbasedoncoupledocean-atmospheredynamics.Thecouplingisrealizedthroughtheair-seainteractionprocessthattheatmosphereactsontheoceanbywindstressandtheoceanactsontheatmospherewithheatingproportionaltoseasurfacetemperature(SST)anomaly.Theequationisharotropicprimitiveone.ResponseexperimentsofcouplingsystemarealsocarriedoutSSTAintwocategoriesofintensities.ComparedwiththeresultsofAGCMsimulationex-perimentinwhichonlythedynamicchangeofairsystemisconsidered,itdemonstratesthattheair-seainteractionbetweenthetropicaloceanandtheglobalatmosphereplaysaveryimportantroleintheevolutionofclimatesystem.Theresultsofnumericalsimulationshowthatitisencouraging.

简介：季节的干旱是在潮湿的气候的普通出现。一年2003在时期期间是最干燥的年19852011在东南的中国。这研究的目的是阐明在2003的非凡的干旱的影响，与旋涡流动大小相比在200411期间在土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量(et)和相关因素的动力学上，以及他们的内在的机制，在在东南的中国的副热带的具球果的种植园。在集中的干旱时期期间从5.34～1.84公里减少了并且在恢复干旱时期的subsquent期间恢复了到4.80公里，被发现那每日的et。路径分析显示那et被华盖传导力和深土壤水内容(50厘米)主要分别地在集中的干旱和恢复干旱时期期间决定。华盖传导力当承受干旱应力时，在et上抵消空气蒸汽压力赤字的积极效果，当华盖传导力在迟了的成长季节期间在et上提高了空气温度的积极效果时。因为这种植园的好根主要在浅土壤，和土壤被散布，流水在上面40厘米没满足需求因为et，有气孔的闭合和落叶作为对干旱应力的生理的回答明显。

简介：Thispaperattemptstorevealalong-distance-relayedwatervaportransport(LRWVT)eastofTibetanPlateauanditsimpacts.TheresultsshowthatfromAugusttoOctober,eastofTibetanPlateau,thereexistsauniqueLRWVT,andthewatervaporfromtheSouthChinaSeaandthewesternPacificcanaffecttheSichuanBasin,NorthwestChinaandotherChineseregionsfarfromthetropicalseathroughthisway.FromAugusttoOctober,theprecipitationoftheregioneastofthePlateauiscloselylinkedbothintheintra-annualandinter-annualvariations,andtheLRWVTfromtheSouthChinaSeaandthewesternPacificisanimportantconnectionmechanism.Thelarge-scalecirculationbackgroundoftheLRWVTimpactingtheprecipitationoftheregioneastofthePlateauisasfollows:Athighlevels,theSouthAsianHighisgenerallystrongerthannormalandsignificantlyenhanceswithitsnorthwardadvanceandeastwardextensionovertheregioneastofthePlateau.Atmid-level,abroadlowpressuretroughisoverLakeBalkhashanditssurroundings,andtheWesternPacificSubtropicalHigh(WPSH)isnorthwardandwestwardlocated,andthewesternpartofSichuanBasinandtheeasternpartofNorthwestChinaarelocatedinthewestandnorthwestedgeofWPSH.

简介：空气鈥攕e的过程新鲜的水交换在在大气的科学和地球物理的液体动力学(LASG)的国家重点实验室开发的全球鈥?海洋鈥擜tmosphere陆地鈥擲y茎模型成功地被包括。联合集成的结果证明气候飘移成功地被控制了。在对表面的变化的海洋循环的回答上分析新鲜的水或在为咸度的流动状况下面的海洋旋转起来阶段是由空至海的新鲜的水流动联合的实现的关键的咸度强迫表演。这研究也证明nthly，omaly联合计划(MMFA)的鈥擣lux鈥擜n由于和张(1998)向前带了的修改鈥擬o对每日的空气鈥攕e合适不仅联合而且为每日的新鲜的水流动联合的热流动。关键词新鲜的水流动-由空至海的联合-Thermohaline循环这个工作被国家关键工程(资助No.96-908-02-03)共同支持，优秀国家关键实验室研究工程(资助No.49823002)和在资助鈥?白·仁·吉·胡亚下面的中国科学院(CAS)？为联合气候模型鈥的鈥淰alidation？

简介：AnthropogenicinfluencesonregionalclimateandwaterresourcesoverEastAsiaaresimulatedbyusingaregionalmodelnestedtoaglobalmodel.Thechangesoflanduse/landcover(LULC)andCO2concentrationareconsidered.TheresultsshowthatvariationsofLULCandCO2concentrationduringthepast130yearscausedawarmingtrendinmanyregionsofEastAsia.ThemostremarkabletemperatureincreaseoccurredinInnerMongolia,NortheastandNorthChina,whereastemperaturedecreasedinGansuProvinceandnorthofSichuanProvince.LULCandCO2changesoverthepast130yearsresultedinadecreasingtrendofprecipitationintheHuaiheRivervalley,ShandongByland,andYunnan-GuizhouPlateau,butprecipitationincreasedalongthemiddlereachesoftheYangtzeRiver,themiddlereachesoftheYellowRiver,andpartsofSouthChina.ThispatternofprecipitationchangewithchangesinsurfaceevapotranspirationmayhavecausedamoreseveredroughtinthelowerreachesoftheYellowRiverandtheHuaiheRivervalley.Thedroughttrend,however,weakenedinthemidandupperreachesoftheYellowRivervalley,andtheYangtzeRivervalleyfloodswereincreasing.Inaddition,changesinLULCandCO2concentrationduringthepast130yearsledtoadjustmentsintheEastAsianmonsooncirculation,whichfurtheraffectedwatervaportransportandbudget,makingNorthChinawarmanddry,theSichuanbasincoldandwet,andEastChinawarmandwet.