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简介：HIVinfectionandAIDShasemergedasamajorpublichealthproblemallovertheworld.Inthe1980s,theinfectionwasfirstfoundtobetransmittedthroughhomosexualactivityandbloodproducttransfusion.Nowitisspreadingamongheterosexualsandinjectiondrugusers,andcanbetransmittedfrommotherstoinfants.

简介：EthicsinChinesesexuallytransmittedinfectionresearcharefundamental.SomerecentHarvardgeneticsresearchinAnhuiProvinceshowshowextremelywealthyandpowerfulresearcherscanexploitpoorruralfarmersinChina.AfterseveralyearsofcontroversyandastatementfromtheHarvardpresidentsayingthatthegeneticsexperimentswere"badlywrong",therearestillquestionsaboutforgedinformedconsent(ChinaDaily2003,AHSRP2004).Sincethesegeneticsprojectswereinitiallydiscovered,theUSgovernmentestablishedanewofficetomonitorforeignresearch(Nelson2001).TheobviouslyflawedinternationalresearchcollaborationallowsagoodopportunitytoconsiderthecurrentstateofethicsandrightsinChineseSTIresearch,andestablishastandardforevaluationofresearchatCJSTI.ThisarticlewillexplainseveralcurrentpracticesinChineseSTIresearch,andthenintroduceseveralinternationallyrecognizedstandardsforthinkingaboutpatient'srightsindevelopingcountries.

简介：ChinesepopulationsinfectedwithHIV-1.Methods:GenomeDNAfromperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)of78HIV-1infectorswasamplifiedbypolymerasechainreaction(PCR).CCR5,CCR2bandSDF1genefragmentswereobtainedfromrestrictivefragmentlengthpolymorphism(RFLP)and/orCCR△32,CCR5m303,CCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'Aallelicgenes'mutationalfrequenciesweresequenceddirectlyfromPCRproducts.Results:NoneofCCR5△32,CCR5m303genemutationwerefoundin78subjectswithHIV-1infection.TheallelicgenemutationfrequenciesofCCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'Acorrespondingto14.9-34.0%and17.6-38.2%of95%CI,were22.79%and26.92%respectively.TheircolonydistributionconformedtotheHardy-Weinbergequilibrium.Conclusion:TheHIV-1infectionsfoundatpresentareallsusceptiblepopulationofCCR5△32andCCR5m303.ThepolymorphismandfrequenciesofCCR5△32,CCR5m303,CCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'AallelesfromChineseHIV-1infectedpopulationweredisclosedinthisstudyforthefirsttime,whichisofsignificanceforstudyingthegeneticresistancetosusceptibilitytoHIV-1infectionaswellasAIDSdiseaseprogression.

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简介：Objective:Todetecttheinhibitionofurogenitalchlamydiatrachomatis(CT)by12traditionalChinesemedicinesinvitro.Methods:TheinhibitionofCTisolatesbythesemedicineswasdetectedbymicro-culturetechniquewithMcCoycellsinvitro.Results:AllthediuretictraditionalChinesemedicinesinhibitedurogenitalCT.Theminimuminhibitoryconcentrations(MICs)rangedfrom0.122mgml^-1to62.5mgml^-1.DiathussuperbusL.,Poriacocos(Shcw.)Woft,Polyporusumbellatus(Pers.)Fries,andArtemisiacapillariesThunbshowedstrongerinhibitionthantheothereighttraditionalChinesemedicines.Thenumbersandsizesofinclusionsbodiesreducedgraduallyanddisappearedfinallywiththeincreaseoftheconcentrations.Conclusion:Allthe12diuretictraditionalChinesemedicinesinhibitedurogenitalCT.

简介：Objective:ToincorporatestudentsandotherlocalcommunitypartnersincreatingacollaborativeNanjingWorldAIDSDayexhibition.Background:StigmaanddiscriminationcontinuetocomplicateeffectiveWorldAIDSDayactivitiesinChina.IncludingforeignstudentsinWorldAIDSDaycampaignsbroadensthepotentialChineseaudienceaswellasmakingthegovernment'sAIDSpoliciesmoretransparent.Methods:Inordertobroadenthepotentialaudience,relevantmedia(television,radio,newspaper)werenotifiedofthe2003NanjingWorldAIDSDayExhibition.TheexhibitionrepresentedauniquecollaborationbetweenNanjingUniversityandtheChineseNationalCenterforSTDandLeprosyControl,dependingonforeignandChinesestudentsatseverallevels.Inaddition,closecontactsattheJiangsuProvincialHealthBureauhelpedtocoordinatelocalexpertsanddistributionofcondoms.Results:Thismulti-disciplinarycooperativeexhibitionwassuccessfullycompleted.Severalmajormediasourcescoveredtheevent.Conclusions:ThesuccessofthiscampaignsuggeststhatotherurbancitieswithsignificantforeignstudentpopulationscouldbenefitfromincludingforeignandChinesestudentsinfutureWorldAIDSDaycampaignactivities.

简介：Objective:TostudytheeffectoftraditionalChinesemedicineantiviralcapsulesinthetreatmentofgenitalherpes.Methods:Usingfemaleguineapiggenitalherpesastheanimalmodel,thisstudyusedoraladministrationoftwoformulationsofantiviralcapsules(AC)andobservedtheeffectonvaginalHSV-2titersandvulvarsymptoms.CellcultureswerealsousedtoexaminethedirectinactivationofHSV-2bytheantiviralcapsulesandthesuppressionofHSV-2viathreedrugadministrationmethods.Results:Therewasnosignificantdifferenceofmeanvaginalvirustitersbetweentheantiviralcapsulegroupsandthatofthepositiveacyclovir(ACV)control(P>0.05).Meanvulvarsymptomscoresofthetwoantiviralcapsulegroupswerealsosignificantlylowerthanthatofthesalinenegativecontrolgroupondays2,3,5,7and8(P<0.05)andsimilartothatoftheACVcontrol(P>0.05).CellcultureshowedtheminimuminhibitoryconcentrationsofantiviralcapsulesNo.1andNo.2were0.390625mg/mland1.5625mg/ml,respectively.Conclusion:ThetraditionalChinesemedicineantiviralcapsuleshadsuppressiveeffectsonHSV-2inbothanimalmodelGHandinvitrocellculture.

简介：Objectives:ToprobesomemoreimportantfactorsaffectingtheHIVepidemicbysurveyingtherelationshipbetweenAIDShighriskbehaviorsandchildhoodstatus,attitude/perceptiontogenderofmale/sexorientationandrareexperiences/Psy-chologyamongChinesegays.Methods:Datawerecollectedfrom240Chinesegayswhowereattractedbytheirsamegender.Results:TheextentofsexamongMainlandChinagaysissimilartothatofindustrializedcountries,andbehaviorsthatexacerbatetheHIVepidemicareuniversal.Perceptions“beingagirlisbetter”,“Disliketoyslikeswordsorpistolsinearlychildhoodwerepredictorstopassiveanalintercourseinadulthood.Thosegaymenwhobegansexualintercourseyoungerthan16yearsoldtendedtohavemoresexpartnersandsufferedmorepain.Thosedislikedgenderofmaleorself-regardedasfemaletendedtohavemorepassiveanalintercourseandrelatedtochildhoodcross-genderexperience/psychologywhilethosewereraisedasgirlsbytheirparentsdidnottakeontheabovecharacters.Individualswhoexperiencedsexcoercionanddrugabusewerethetwosubgroupswiththegreatesthigh-riskbehaviors.Individualswhohadsexwithfemaleshadthegreatestnumberofmalesexpartnersandweremorepronetogroupsex.Individualswithpedophiliaorgerontophiliahadmorecasualsexpartners.PsychologicalproblemsencounteredbyChinesegaysrelatedtosuicideattemptsandcommitment.Conclusions:TheprospectofanextensiveAIDSepidemicamongChinesegaysdoesexistandsomesubgroupsofgaysplaymoreimportantrolesintheepidemic.Somehighriskbehaviorsamongadultgayscanbeforeseenexplicitlybythepredictorstakingoninchildhood,andcloselyrelatetoattitude/perception,togenderofmale,tosomerareexperience/psychology.

简介：Objectives:TocharacterizethedistributionpatternofbiovarsandserotypesofUreaplasmaurealyticuminnormalhealthywomen,sexuallytransmittedinfectionsclinicclients,andinsexworkers.Methods:Weculturedcervicalswabstakenfrom261physicalcheck-upclients,599STIclinicoutpatientsand98sexworkersusingcommercialselectivemedium.SomepositivecultureswerefurtherbiotypedandserotypedbyPCR.Results:(1)U.urealyticumismorecommonlyisolatedinsexworkers(90.8%)thaninthephysicalcheck-upgroup(60.9%)ortheSTIoutpatientgroup(61.3%)(P<0.001).(2)Biovar1ofU.urealyticum(95.0%),especiallysingleinfectionofserotype1,3,and6ofbiovar1,iscommonlyfoundinhealthywomen.(3)Biovar2infectionofU.urealyticumismoreprevalentinsexworkers(28.1%)andSTIoutpatientsgroup(26.6%)thanthatinthephysicalcheck-upgroup(4.9%)(P<0.001).(4)MixedinfectioncausedbymorethanoneserotypeofU.urealyticumincreasedfromphysicalcheck-upgroup(8.6%)toSTIoutpatients(12.4%)tosexworkers(23.9%)(P<0.01).(5)Thereisnostatisticallysignificantdifferenceinthedistributionofserotype1,3,and6ofbiovar1amongthesethreegroups(P=0.763).(6)ThePCRmethoddescribedhereisrelativelysimple,rapidandspecificforthebiotypingandserotypingofbiovar1ofU.urealyticum.Conclusion:Weshouldpaymoreattentiontobiovar2andmixedinfectionsofU.urealyticumthansingleinfectionofbiovar1inclinicpractice.PCRisagoodmethodforbiotypingandserotyping.

简介：Objectives:TocharacterizethedistributionpatternofbiovarsandserotypesofUreaplasmaurealyticuminnormalhealthywomen,sexuallytransmittedinfectionsclinicclientsandinsexworkers.Methods:Weculturedcervicalswabstakenfrom261physicalcheck-upclients,599STIclinicoutpatientsand98sexworkersusingcommercialselectivemedium.SomepositivecultureswerefurtherbiotypedandserotypedbyPCR.Results:(1)Biovar1ofU.urealyticum(95.0%),especiallysingleinfectionofserotype1,3,and6ofbiovar1,iscommonlyfoundinhealthywomen.(2)Uourealyticumismorecommonlyisolatedinsexworkers(90.8%)thaninphysicalcheck-upgroup(60.9%)andSTIoutpatientsgroup(61.3%)(P<0.001).(3)Biovar2infectionofU.urealyticumismoreprevalentinsexworkers(28.1%)andSTIoutpatientsgroup(26.6%)thanthatinphysicalcheck-upgroup(4.9%)(P<0.001).(4)MixedinfectioncausedbymorethanoneserotypeofU.urealyticumisincreasingfromphysicalcheck-upgroup(8.6%)toSTIoutpatients(12.4%)andtosexworkers(23.9%)(P<0.01).(5)Thereisnostatisticdifferenceinthedistributionofserotype1,3,and6ofbiovar1amongthesethreegroups(P=0.763).(6)ThePCRmethoddescribedhereisrelativelysimple,rapidandspecificforthebiotypingandserotypingofbiovar1ofU.urealyticum.Conclusion:weshouldpaymoreattentiontobiovar2andmixedinfectionthansingleinfectionofbiovar1ofU.urealyticuminclinicpractice.PCRisagoodmethodinbiotypingandserotyping.

简介：Objective:AllelicpolymorphismsofCCR5△32、CCR2b-64I,CX3CR1-249I280MandSDF1-3’AassociatedwithHIV-1infectionanddiseaseprogressionwereinvestigatedinindigenousUygurpopulationsfromtheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionofChina.Mithods:Thestudypopulationcomprised316healthyUygursubjectswithanagerangeof1-80yearsold,fromwhomwholeperipheralbloodsampleswerecollectedandnonewereHIV-1seropositive.GenomicDNAsampleswerepurifiedusingaQiagenBloodKit.GenotypingoftheaforementionedfouralleleswasperformedusingPCRorPCR/RFLPassay,andfurtherconfirmedbydirectDNAsequencing.Results:TheallelicfrequenciesinChineseUygurpopulationwereasfollows:3.48%forCCR5△32;19.45%forCCR2b-64I;13.8%forCX3CRI-249I280Mhaplotype,and20.41%forSDFI-3’A.MutantalleledistributionsamongUygurpopulationswereinaccordancewiththeHardy-Weinbergequilibrium.NostatisticaldifferencewasfoundbetweenthefrequencyofthethreeHIVcoreceptorsandtheirrespectiveligandgenes.Conclusion:ThefrequencyofSDF1-3’AandCX3CR1-249I280MhaplotypemorecloselymatchedthehanChinese.ThefequencyofCCR5△32inUygurpopulationswasbetweenCaucasianandHanfrequencies,themorecloselymatchingthefrequencyinMedi-Asiapeople.NogeneticlinkagebetweenanytwoofthethreeHIVcoreceptorgeneswasfound,butobviousgeneticlinkagesexistedbetweenCX3CR1-249IandCX3CR1-280M,withevenhigherlinkagedegreesthanCaucasianpeople.