简介：

简介：海洋的生物多样性响应改变的物理环境，随后的生态的变化以及人为的骚乱正在变化。在这研究，在situ的浮游植物样品在1999和2010的7月在Bering海收集了被分析获得在浮游植物社区动力学的这十年，和关联的开始和结束之间的浮游植物社区结构和空间时间的变化，环境因素被调查。5个部门，58个类和属于3个生态的组的浮游植物的153种类的一个总数被识别。绝大多数浮游植物为66.7%全部的种类和95.2%全部的丰富由硅藻财务组成了。就在空间程度和浮游植物样品类型的区别而言，在种类作文有微妙的变化，在在二之间的空间分发的在丰富和重要变化的大改变调查。当潜水艇山峰在Bering海盆被发现时，丰富山峰区域在白令海峡被定位。北方适度的硅藻是主导的植物群，它被广温性、寒冷水的硅藻随后代替。在Bering海的浮游植物社区不是一个单一的一致社区，但是深海洋的集合和浅海的集合创作了。深海洋的集合位于西北的太平洋和Bering海盆，由北方适度的种类统治了(Neodenticulaseminae，Thalassiothrixlongissima，Amphiprora严寒，Chaetocerosatlanticus，Thalassiosiratrifulta，等等)并且散布很广的种类(Thalassionemanitzschioides，Ch。compressus，Rhizosoleniastyliformis，等等)，并且由低丰富，甚至interspecies丰富分配，多样的主导的种类和高种类差异描绘了。浅海的集合在大陆人架和Bering海的斜坡上被散布并且主要由寒冷水的种类组成(Th。nordenski?ldii，Ch。furcellatus，Ch。socialis，Bacteriosirafragilis，等等)并且广温性、能在不同盐分之环的种类(L。danicus，Ch。curvisetus，Coscinodiscuscurvatulus，等等)，并且它被高丰富，不平的interspecies分配，突出的主导的种类和低种类差异描绘。在Bering海的种类作文和许多浮游植物的空间时间的变化被表�

简介：Onthebasisofdataofdriftingbottles'tracksandthecurrentmeasuredinanchoredstations,aswellastemperatureandsalinityobservedincruiseinvestigationsandcoastalstations,ADCPcurrentdataandAVHRRsurfaceseatemperature(SST)dataonthewesterncoastofGuangdong,syntheticresultsofanalysisshowedthatthecoastalcurrentsinthewestofthemouthoftheZhujiangRiverweremainlywestwardinsummer,whichconstitutedthenorthbranchofcyclonicgyreintheeastoftheQiongzhouStraits.PartofitswaterflowedwestwardintotheBeibuGulfthroughtheQiongzhouStraits.ThecoastalcurrentpatternwasnotidenticalwiththetraditionalcurrentsystemwhichflowedwestwardintheQiongzhouStraitsinwinterandeastwardinsummer.Thesummertime'scoastalcurrentwasalwayswestward,maybetemporarilyturningnortheastonlywhenthesouthwestwindwasstrong.TheimportantcharacteristicsofcoastalcurrentonthewesterncoastofGuangdong,intheQiongzhouStraitsandinthenorthoftheBeibuGulfwereanalyzedandtheirmechanismsalsowereexplained.

简介：ThepentadaverageminimumoutgoingIongwaveradiation(OLR)dataoverthenorthernSouthChinaSea(SCS)areselectedasindexestoanalyzetheintensityoftheconvectionconnectedwiththeSCSmonsoononset.StatisticanalysisdemonstratesthattheindexcanaccountfortheintensityoftheSCSmonsoonabout,atleast,75%.Asignificantnegativecorrelation(confidentlevelover90%)betweenShandong'ssummerrainfallandtheindexisfoundonlyintheperiodof24-26pentadsandlimitedtotheareaabovethedeeperwaterbasinoftheSCS(10°-20°N,110°-117.5°E).ThustheminimumOLRoverthedeeperwaterbasinduring24-26pentadscanbeusedasavaluablepredictorforthelong-leadforecastoftheprecipitation.The500hPageopotentialheightdataintheNorthernHemispherefortheperiodfrom1951to2000areusedinordertocharacterizethephysicalmechanismsinvolved.Thecompositeanomaliesofthe500hPalevelallowfortheidentificationanddetectionoftheteleconnectionoftheEastAsia-NorthAmerica(EAP)patternthatisresponsibletosomeextentfortheinterannualvariabilityoftheprecipitationofShandongProvince.Besides,theinterannualdifferencesoftheintraseasonalvariations(ISV)ofOLRandtheirnorthwardtransmissionprobablymakeacontributiontothepositionofthesubtropicalhighwhichisvitalforthesummerrainfallintheprovince.

简介：Theturbulentfluxesforsensibleandlatentheatandmomentumarecomputedandanalysesarecarriedoutaboutthefactorsintermsofthefluxes,withtheprofilemethods,basedonthedatafromtheTibetan(Xi-zang)PlateauMeteorologicalExperimentin1986(TIPMEX-86).Itisshownthatthefluxesofvariouskindshaveevidentdiurnalvariation,andeachdecademeandiurnalvariationisquitedifferentfromothers.Thesensibleheatfluxisabout2/3lessinJulythaninJune.Theresultsindicatethattheaverageddragcoefficient,C_d,andtheaveragedbulktransfercoefficientofsensibleheat,C_h,are0.0052and0.0075respectively,fortheperiod13to28inJuneforNagqu.ButforLhasa,themeanC_dis0.0056,andthemeanC_his0.0085,fortheperiodofJune11toJuly20.ItisfoundthatC_dandC_harenotonlythefunctionofwindvelocity,butalsoinfluencedbystabilityconditionsandwindandtemperaturegradients.

简介：Inthispaper,aprimitiveequationlinearwavemodelisusedtoexaminetheeffectsofthree-dimen-sionalstructureofheatingfieldonthebehaviorofstationaryplanetarywavesinsummerandtocomparetherolesofdifferentheatingfunctionsfortheformationandmaintenanceofsummermonsooncirculationinAsia.Itisshownthatthealoftheatingconnectedwiththelatentheating,especiallythedeepcondensationheatingassociatedwiththecumulusconvectioninlowlatitudes,playsacrucialpartintheAsiansummermon-soonandthestructuresofplanetarywaveresponsesarequitesensitivetotheverticaldistributionofheating.

简介：从雨和Qing王朝的降雪档案基于降水事件的重建(17361911)，主要从中国本地报导出从的干旱/洪水索引数据17362000，并且自从1951，观察数据聚在一起，季风雨线的空间模式在不同时间规模被分析。调查结果显示在北中国和长江的中间降低的活动范围的季风降雨有重要内部年度(例如，57年并且24年)象一样内部十(例如，2030年并且quasi-10-yr)变化信号。在这些区域的空间模式也显示出重要周期，例如在6080年的时间规模上，一个颠倒阶段支配全部时期从17362000；在quasi-30-yr时间规模上，一个一致阶段从1736～2000是流行的；并且在一20年的时间可伸缩，夏天季风雨在1870前后显示出不同空间模式。

简介：Lethaltemperaturetolerancewasdeterminedforabout8cm,age0Pseudosciaenacroceausingbothslowheatingandrapidtransferprotocol.Theacclimatizationtemperaturewas28℃withsummerseason,lethaltemperature(LT50value)ofslowheatingprotocol(CTMax)was35.0℃,andtheupperandlowerincipientlethaltemperaturesofrapidtransferprotocolwere34.2℃and17.5℃respectively.

简介：与东方中国夏天降雨(ECSR)联系的气候的特征在美国的大气的研究(NCAR)社区气候模型版本3的国家中心(CCM3)被检验，并且从1978年9月与演变时间的海表面温度(SST)跑到1993年8月。CCM3被显示捕获ECSR的突出的季节的特征。作为许多另外的气候模型，然而，有在CCM3的ECSR的一些不现实的设计。最不能接受的是西藏的高原和它的向东北的延期的东方圆周上的错误地加强的降水中心。人工的强壮的降雨中心被与降雨数据和欧洲人为中等范围的天气预报(ECMWF)分析集中的车站降雨数据，谢和Arkin(1996)的产品作比较相当估计(吉布森等，1997)。涉及降雨中心的形成的物理过程被讨论。初步的结论表明它是在引起重降雨的CCM3的过高估计的理智的加热在上并且在西藏的高原附近。在西藏的高原的东南和东北上的理智的加热赞成在东方中国上形成强大的副热带的反气旋的假强壮的表面。假冒的围住的副热带的反气旋中心让潮湿的西南风在西藏的高原的东方圆周上系住并且延长到它的东北。在中国的东南海岸，在副热带的反气旋的东南方面上定位，西南季风被东北风在一些情况中减少并且甚至代替了。因此，在CCM3，降水在西藏的高原和它的东北延期的东方圆周上被夸大并且在中国的东南海岸被低估。关键词东方中国夏天降雨-模型确认-副热带的反气旋-加热这研究的Diabatic被中国科学院在为联合气候的鈥?确认的百才能鈥?建模的资助鈥?下面赞助鈥?和国家天赋中国(资助No.49823002)的科学基础，并且国际机场革新资金(号码8-1204)。

简介：每年夏天举办的东京SurnmerSonic摇滚音乐节是日本的独立音乐盛会，在世界摇滚音乐界具有很高的地位。SummerSonic从2000年开始，每年在东京和大阪举办，年年都吸引超过数十万人次的观众。音乐节通常举办两天表演，在6个主要舞台（Marine、Sonic、Mountain、Beach、Urban／Dance、Island）上，超过100组的艺人轮番上阵，用摇滚音速划破夏日的天空。2006年表演者的名单颇具含金量，其中最引人注目的有欧美的林肯公园（LinkinPark）、金属乐队（Metallica），日本当地的优秀音乐人Chara、MINMI、M-flo、soul＇dout等。

简介：InvestigationsofchlorophyllaandprimaryproductivitywerecarriedoutintheBeringSeaalongtheBRlineandtheBSlineduringtheSecondChineseNationalArcticResearchExpeditioninthesummerof2003.Theresultsshowedthatthesurfacechlorophyllaconcentrationswere0.199～1.170μg/dm3,andtheaveragevaluewas0.723μg/dm3ontheBRline.FortheBSline,thesurfacechlorophyllaconcentrationswere0.519～4.644μg/dm3(average1.605μg/dm3)and0.568～14.968μg/dm3(average5.311μg/dm3)duringtheearlyandlatesummer,respectively.Theaveragevalueinthelatesummerwasmuchhigherthanthatintheearlysummer.Thehighvalues(morethan4.0μg/dm3)occurredatstationsoftheBSlineinthesouthernBeringStrait.Thechlorophyllaconcentrationsinthesubsurfacelayerwerehigherthanthoseinthesurfacelayer.Theresultsofthesize-fractionatedchlorophyllashowedthatthecontributionofthepicoplanktontototalchlorophyllawasthepredominanceattheearlysummerandthecontributionofthenetplanktonwasthepredominanceatthelatesummer.Thecarbonpotentialprimaryproductivitiesvariedbetween0.471and1.147mg/(m3·h)ontheBRline,withaverageratesof0.728mg/(m3·h).TheprimaryproductivitiesontheBSlineweremuchhigherthanthoseoftheBRline,rangingfrom1.227mg/(m3·h)attheearlysummerto19.046mg/(m3·h)atthelatesummer.Theresultsof1.147mg/(m3·h)ontheBRline,withaverageratesof0.728mg/(m3·h).TheprimaryproductivitiesontheBSlineweremuchhigherthanthoseoftheBRline,rangingfrom1.227mg/(m3·h)attheearlysummerto19.046mg/(m3·h)atthelatesummer.Theresultsofthesize-fractionatedprimaryproductivityshowedthatthecontributionofthenanoplanktontototalproductivitywasthepredominanceattheearlysummerandthecontributionofthenetplanktonwaspredominanceatthelatesummer.Theassimilationnumberofphotosynthesiswas0.45～2.80mg/(mg·h)inthesurveyedstations.

简介：TheArcticsea-iceextenthasshownadecliningtrendoverthepast30years.Icecoveragereachedhistoricminimain2007andagainin2012.Thistrendhasrecentlybeenassessedtobeuniqueoveratleastthelast1450years.Inthesummerof2010,averylowsea-iceconcentration（SIC）appearedathighArcticlatitudes--evenlowerthanthatofsurroundingpackiceatlowerlatitudes.Thisstrikinglowiceconcentration--referredtohereasarecordlowiceconcentrationinthecentralArctic（CARLIC）--isuniqueinouranalysisperiodof2003-15,andhasnotbeenpreviouslyreportedintheliterature.TheCARLICwasnottheresultoficemelt,becauseseaicewasstillquitethickbasedonin-situicethicknessmeasurements.Instead,divergenticedriftappearstohavebeenresponsiblefortheCARLIC.AhighcorrelationbetweenSICandwindstresscurlsuggeststhattheseaicedriftduringthesummerof2010respondedstronglytotheregionalwindforcing.ThedrifttrajectoriesoficebuoysexhibitedatranspolardriftintheAtlanticsectorandaneastwarddriftinthePacificsector,whichappearedtobenefittheCARLICin2010.Undertheseconditions,moresolarenergycanpenetrateintotheopenwater,increasingmeltthroughincreasedheatfluxtotheocean.Wespeculatethatthisdivergenceofseaicecouldoccurmoreofteninthecomingdecades,andimpactonhemisphericSICandfeedbacktotheclimate.

简介：

简介：ByusingtheBetts-Miller-Janji’c,Grell-Devenyi,andKain-FritschcumulusconvectiveparameterizationschemesintheWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)model,longtimesimulationsfrom2000to2009areconductedtoinvestigatetheimpactsofdifferentcumulusconvectiveparameterizationschemesonsummermonsoonprecipitationsimulationoverChina.Theresultsshowthatalltheschemeshavethecapabilitytoreasonablyreproducethespatialandtemporaldistributionsofsummermonsoonprecipitationandthecorrespondingbackgroundcirculation.Theobservednorth-southshiftofmonsoonrainbeltisalsowellsimulatedbythethreeschemes.DetailedcomparisonindicatesthattheGrell-Devenyischemegivesabetterperformancethantheothers.Deficiencyinsimulatedwatervaportransportisonepossiblereasonfortheprecipitationsimulationbias.

简介：最近的年里的华南海夏季风发作日期和东方亚洲夏季风索引的定义的结果在这篇论文被总结。并且要决定的更多的问题以后被介绍。

简介：

简介：Inthispaper,thesummerclimateof1991istakenasacasetostudytheinfluenceofthetransitionzonemigrationonsummerdroughtinNorthChinabyusingtheregionalclimatemodel(RegCM2).Theresultsshowthatthetransitionzonemigratesinland,thesummermonsoonrainbandof1991alsomovesinland.TheintensiverainbandintheChangjiangRiverValleyduringtheMeiyuperiodmovesnorth.TheprecipitationinNorthChinaincreasesandthesurfaceairtemperaturedecreases.Asaconsequence,itresultsinagoodcirclebetweenecosystemandclimate.Thetransitionzonemigrationchangesfluxtransfersbetweenlandandatmosphere,andexcitessecondarycirculationorcirculationcellsaroundit.Allthosearecloselyrelatedwiththevariationofprecipitation.

简介：SCSSM紧张索引(在105的区域从6月由在850hPa西南的平均数定义到8月-120°E，5-20°N)从NCEP和ECMWF，数据在多重时间规模上被比较。从鸣车站和SCSMEX的Xisha的观察的时间、空间的差别分别地被探索。结果显示lowertropospheric风从NCEP数据表示的那SCSSM比从ECMWF，数据和ECMWFreanalysis复制有更好的趋势更好内部十的变化。NCEP和ECMWF数据上与观察同意很好内部年度规模。至于空间分发，从NCEP数据的SCSSM从ECMWF数据比那更类似于观察。原因，在纸的比较不由于观察的缺乏是足够的。尽管有这，到某程度，工作将帮助我们选择分析数据(特别为更低的对流球的风)在SCSSM研究。

简介：Byusinganine-levelatmosphericgeneralcirculationmodeldevelopedattheInstituteofAtmosphericPhysics(IAP9LAGCM),twosetsofnumericalexperimentsarecarriedouttoinvestigatetheinfluenceoftheMascarenehigh(MH)andAustralianhigh(AH)overthesouthernsubtropicsupontheEastAsiansummermonsooncirculationandsummerprecipitationinEastAsia.Theuseofensemblestatisticsisadoptedtoreducethesimulationerrors.TheresultshowsthatwiththeintensificationofMH,theSomalilow-leveljetissignificantlyenhancedtogetherwiththesummermonsooncirculationinthetropicalAsiaandwesternPacificregion.Furthermore,theanticyclonicanomalyinthetropicalwesternPacifictotheeastofthePhilippinesmayinduceaweakEast-Asia-Pacificteleconnectionpattern.Inthemeantime,geopotentialheightintheTropicsisenhancedwhileitisreducedovermostregionsofmid-highlatitudes,thusthenorthwesternPacificsubtropicalhighat500hPaextendssouthwestward,resultinginmorerainfallinsouthernChinaandlessrainfallinnorthernChina.AsimilaranomalypatternoftheatmosphericcirculationsystemsisfoundintheexperimentoftheintensificationofAH.Ontheotherhand,becausethecross-equatorialcurrentsassociatedwithAHaremuchweakerthantheSomalijet,theanomalymagnitudecausedbytiheintensificationofAHisgenerallyweak,andtheinfluenceofAHonsummerrainfallinChinaseemstobelocalizedinsouthernChina.ComparisonbetweenthetwosetsofexperimentsindicatesthatMHplaysacrucialroleintheinteractionsofgeneralatmosphericcirculationbetweenthetwohemispheres.

简介：IdentificationofkeySSTzonesisessentialinpredictingtheweather/climatesystemsinEastAsia.WiththeSSTdatabytheU.K.MeteorologicalOfficeand40-yeargeopotentialheightandwindfieldsbyNCAR/NCEP,therelationshipbetweentheEastAsiansummermonsoonandnorthPacificSSTAisstudied,whichrevealstheirinteractionsareofinterdecadalvariation.Beforemid-1970's,thenorthPacificSSTAactsuponthesummermonsooninEastAsiathroughagreatcirclewavetrainandresultsinmorerainfallinthesummerofthenorthernpartofChina.After1976,theSSTAweakensthewavetrainandnolongerinfluencestheprecipitationinNorthChinaduetoloosenedlinkswiththeEastAsiansummermonsoon.ItcanbedrawnthatthekeySSTzoneshavingpotentialeffectsontheweather/climatesystemsinEastAsiadonotstayinoneparticularareaoftheoceanbutrathershiftelsewhereasgovernedbytheinterdecadalvariationsoftheair-seainteractions.Itishopedthatthestudywouldhelpshedlightonthepredictionofdrought/floodspansinChina.