简介：干旱是到在rainfed低地的米饭生产的主要不能生活的限制并且不足地灌溉区域。干旱的改进容忍的变化是策略之一减少干旱的否定效果。为与染色体上的干旱忍耐(DT)有关的主要、第二等的特点的量的特点loci(QTL)1，3，4，8和9从线从在CT9993和IR62266之间的一个十字导出的两倍haploid决定了那是introgressed并且在Khao邮政马里105的基因背景(KDML105)把了进小片开发染色体片断替换线(CSSL)人口。CSSL在干旱应力下面为他们的农学的表演和收益部件在繁殖阶段被评估，并且结果与灌溉状况相比。CSSL线的flowering比KDML105早是6～7d。在CSSL的谷物收益的吝啬的价值比在干旱下面的KDML105高并且灌溉了条件。以灌溉状况，谷物从4和8是的染色体带DT-QTLs的基因渗入线让步比KDML105的高，而另外的特点与KDML105显示出小差别。当否定地与天相关到flowering时，分析显示谷物产量在干旱应力下面每植物每植物，和全部的谷物重量与植物高度，tiller和圆锥花序数字有积极关联。是提及在上面，在干旱应力下面显示出好改编的CSSL能被用作基因材料，并且作为材料在引起节目的泰国rainfed低地米饭改进干旱忍耐把基因位于\O下面干旱忍耐。

简介：Rice(OryzasativaL.)isanimportantfoodcropandrequireslargeramountofwaterthroughoutitslifecycleascomparedtoothercrops.Hence,waterrelatedstresscauseseverethreattoriceproduction.Droughtisamajorchallengelimitingriceproduction.Itaffectsriceatmorphological(reducedgermination,plantheight,plantbiomass,numberoftillers,variousrootandleaftraits),physiological(reducedphotosynthesis,transpiration,stomatalconductance,wateruseefficiency,relativewatercontent,chlorophyllcontent,photosystemⅡactivity,membranestability,carbonisotopediscriminationandabscisicacidcontent),biochemical(accumulationofosmoprotectantlikeproline,sugars,polyaminesandantioxidants)andmolecular(alteredexpressionofgeneswhichencodetranscriptionfactorsanddefencerelatedproteins)levelsandtherebyaffectsitsyield.Tofacilitatetheselectionordevelopmentofdroughttolerantricevarieties,athoroughunderstandingofthevariousmechanismsthatgoverntheyieldofriceunderwaterstressconditionisaprerequisite.Thus,thisreviewisfocusedmainlyonrecentinformationabouttheeffectsofdroughtonrice,riceresponsesaswellasadaptationmechanismstodroughtstress.

简介：Inthispaper,tenwoodyplantsgrewonthecampusoftheBeijingForestryUniversitywereselectedformeasuringhydraulicarchitectureparametersandwaterpotentialofone-year-oldtwigs.Theresultsshowthatdayandnightchangeofwaterpotentialandhydraulicarchitectureparametersappeartobeobviouslyconvextrend.Therelationshipmodelsbetweenwaterpotentialandhydraulicconductivity,specialconductivityandleafspecialconductivitywererespectivelyestablished,whichweresimulatedb...

简介：摘要Worster-Drought综合征(WDS)是一种特殊且罕见的脑性瘫痪(脑瘫)，主要表现为唇、舌、软腭肌肉选择性无力，构音障碍，吞咽困难，流涎和下颌痉挛。各种产前、产时及产后的因素都可导致该病的发生。不少家族病例均提示该病有遗传倾向。该病预后不良，目前虽无治愈方法，但可通过早期的遗传咨询、诊断及干预治疗降低发病率，改善患儿症状，未来可极大降低患儿家庭及社会的负担。现就WDS的病因和发病机制、临床表现、影像学检查、诊断及相关疾病谱、治疗方法等进行阐述，以期提高临床医师对该病的诊治能力。

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简介：ThelinkbetweenclimatechangeanddesertificationisanimportantglobalproblemfortheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)andtheUnitedNationsConventiontoCombatDesertification(UNCCD).ThecoastalprovincesinSouthernCentreVietnamarestronglyinfluencedbydesertification,whichisfurtherexacerbatedbyclimatechange.TheDelphimethodwasusedtoselectsustainabilityindicatorsandthenamethodofananalyticalhierarchyprocesswasappliedtoprioritizesustainablesolutionsinBinhThuanexpertstoelicitthecausesandeffectsofdesertification.Accordingtothepanelof23experts,27cause(e.g.rainfallandsunshineduration)and22effect(e.g.riceandagriculture)indicatorswereofparticularimportancetodesertificationanddroughtintheprovince.Thehighestprioritiesforcausearegiventoemigration,followedbyincomefromindustryandwatersupplyforhouseholduse.Thehighestprioritiesforeffectintheareaaregiventosocioeconomiccriteria,andinparticulartothesub-criteriaresettlementduetodevelopmentprojects,buildinghydropowerreservoirs,andimplementingirrigationschemes.Thesystemofindicatorsprovidesusefulinformationforthefuturestudies.Thisstudyprovidesameanstouncoverthemostimportantcriteriaperceivedasmajorcontributorstodesertificationandassuchenablespolicy-makerstoprioritizesolutionsforBinhThuan(Vietnam)by2015andavisionin2020.

简介：Droughtisthemajorabioticstressfactorthatlimitsriceproductionworldwide.Toevaluatetheosmoticstressresponsesinricevarietiesunderdroughtcondition,atotalof42high-yieldingricevarietieswerecollectedfromvariousresearchstationsofKeralaAgriculturalUniversityinIndia.Theexperimentalsetupcomprisesofinitialhydroponictreatmentsatdifferentosmoticpotentials,artificiallyinducedbydesiredstrengthsofpolyethyleneglycol(PEG6000),andfollowedbythepotplantedexperimentsintherain-out-zone.Theactivitiesofantioxidantenzymes,relativewatercontent,cellmembranestability,photosyntheticpigments,prolinecontent,alongwithplantgrowthparametersofthevarietiesunderdroughtconditionwereevaluated.Moreover,thestandardscoresofthesericevarietieswereassessedunderstressandrecoveryconditionsbasedonthescoringscaleoftheStandardEvaluationSystemforrice.Amongthe42ricevarieties,weidentified2ricevarieties,SwarnaprabhaandKattamodan,withlessleafrolling,betterdroughtrecoveryabilityaswellasrelativewatercontent,increasedmembranestabilityindex,osmolyteaccumulation,andantioxidantenzymeactivitiespointedtowardstheirdegreeoftolerancetodroughtstress.Thepositiveadaptiveresponsesofthesericevarietiestowardsdroughtstresscanbeusedinthegeneticimprovementofricedroughtresistancebreedingprogram.

简介：MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是非编码的小RNA，它响应关於生命、不能生活的压力起重要规章的作用。Dongxiang野米饭(Oryzarufipogon，DXWR)能在极端干旱环境幸存，但是它干旱抵抗的分子的机制大部分仍然是未知的。为了进一步探索miRNA，规章的机制在干旱抵抗包含了，我们用小RNA定序和生物信息学途径在DXWR识别了138新奇miRNAs，并且发现67新奇miRNAs的表示层次被干旱应力signicantly影响。总共，200候选人目标基因为干旱被预言并且注解压力应答的新奇miRNAs。基因本体论(去)小径建议了的基因和染色体(KEGG)的分析和京都百科全书大多数目标基因与新陈代谢有关。高展出的茎环量的即时PCR(qRT-PCR)结果与定序数据索引，哪个miRNA表示模式基于在现在的学习定序的小RNA是可靠的conrmed。同时，qRT-PCR验证了在几miRNAs和他们的目标基因之间的反的表示模式。这些结果将提高我们在DXWR响应干旱应力理解规章的机制miRNA，并且能为这个珍贵基因资源的保护和利用用作一本重要参考书。

简介：Inordertodeterminetheroleofalginate-derivedoligosaccharides(ADO)indroughtstressresistanceoftomato(Ly-copersiconesculentumMiller)seedlings,theleaveswereexposedtodifferentconcentrationsofADO(0.05%,0.10%,0.20%,0.30%and0.50%)afterdroughtstresswassimulatedbyexposingtherootsto0.6molL-1PEG-6000solutionfor6h.Changesinbiomass,electrolyteleakageandmalondialdehyde(MDA),freeproline,totalsolublesugars(TSS)andabscisicacid(ABA),theenzymeactivitiesofcatalase(CAT),superoxidedismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)andphenylalanineammonia-lyase(PAL)weremeasuredtoinvestigatetheeffectsofADOtreatment.TheresultsshowedthatthetreatmentwithanADOconcentrationof0.20%exhibitedthehighestperformanceofdroughtstressresistanceinthetomatoseedlingsbydecreasingtheelectrolyteleakageandtheconcentrationofMDA,increasingthecontentsoffreeproline,TSSandABA,andincreasingtheactivitiesofCAT,SOD,PODandPALaftertreatmentwithADO.Itissuggestedthatchangesinelectrolyteleakage,MDA,osmoticsolutes,ABA,anti-oxidativeenzymeandPALactivitieswereresponsiblefortheincreaseddroughtstressresistanceintomatoseedlings.Toourbestknowledge,thisisthefirstreportoftheeffectofADOtreatmentonenhancingthedroughtstressresistanceoftomatoseedlings.

简介：Droughtisoneofthemajorabioticstresseswhichadverselyaffectcropplantslimitinggrowthandyieldpotential.Structuralandfunctionalcharacterizationofdroughtstress-inducedgeneshascontributedtoabetterunderstandingofhowplantsrespondandadapttothedroughtstress.Inthepresentstudy,differentialdisplaytechniquewasemployedtostudythegeneexpressionofriceplantsatthereproductivestagethatweresubjectedtodroughtstressbywithholdingwater,Pseudomonasfluorescensstrain(Pf1)treatedplantssubjectedfordroughtstressbywithholdingwaterandcontrol(well-watered).DifferentiallyexpressedcDNAsofsixgenes(COX1,PKDP,bZIP1,AP2-EREBP,Hsp20andCOC1)wereidentified,clonedandsequenced.Real-timeqPCRanalysisshowedthatallthesixgeneswereupregulatedindrought-stressedplantstreatedwithPf1.ThisrevealedthattheremarkableinfluenceofPf1colonizationleadstodroughttoleranceatthereproductivestage.TheseresultsshowedthathighlevelsofgeneexpressioninplantslackingadequatewatercanberemarkablyinfluencedbyPf1colonization,whichmightbeakeyelementforinducedsystemictolerancebymicrobes.

简介：BasedontheMulti-ScaleStandardizedPrecipitationIndex(MSPI),extremeseveredroughteventsinChinaduring1961-2010wereidentified,andtheseasonal,annual,andinterdecadalvariationsoftheclusteringextremedroughteventswereinvestigatedbyusingthespatialpointprocesstheory.Itisfoundthatseveredroughtspresentatrendofgradualincreaseasaresultofthesignificantincreaseandclusteringtendencyofseveredroughtsinautumn.Theperiodicityanalysisoftheclusteringextremedroughtsindifferentseasonssuggeststhatthereisaremarkableinterdecadalchangeintheoccurrenceofclusteringextremedroughtsinwinter.Meanwhile,itisrevealedthattheclusteringextremedroughteventsexhibitgreatlydifferentannualmeanspatialdistributionsduring1961-2010,withscatteredandconcentratedclusteringzonesalternatingonthedecadaltimescale.Furthermore,itisfoundthatthedecadal-meanspatialdistributionsofextremedroughteventsinsummerarecorrelatedoutofphasewiththoseoftherainybandsoverChinainthepast50years,andagooddecadalpersistenceexistsbetweentheautumnandwinterextremedroughts,implyingasalientfeatureofconsecutiveautumn-winterdroughtsinthis50-yrperiod.ComparedwithotherregionsofChina,SouthwestChinabearsthemostprominentcharacteristicofclusteringextremedroughts.

简介：Background:WecomparetheclimatesensitivityofEuropeanbeech(FagussylvaticaL)intwoforestnaturereservesinnortheasternGermany.Theonereserve,Schlossberg,ischaracterizedbyshallowchalksoils,whereasintheotherreserve,Eldena,soilsaredeeperandmoredeveloped.Littleisknownaboutthedroughtsensitivityofbeechonshallowchalksoils.Methods:Wecollectedincrementcoresatbothresearchsitesandestablishedclimate-growthrelationships.Intertreevariabilitywasassessedbyemployinglinearmixed-effectmodels.Results:WeexpectedtofinddistinctivelyhigherdroughtsensitivityatSchlossbergduetolimitedwateravailability,butfindonlymarginaldifferencesingrowthresponses.Atbothsites,droughtisthemajorclimaticfactordrivingtreegrowth.Adaptationsintreearchitectureandanunderestimationofthewaterholdingcapacityofshallowchalksoilsarediscussedaspossiblereasonsfornotfindingmoredistinctclimateresponses.Inanalyzingclimate-growthrelationships,wespecificallyfocusedongrowthresponsesofindividualtreesbutobservedonlylowinter-treevariabilityatbothsites.Evidentisashiftinclimateresponsepatternsfromthefirsttothesecondhalfofthetwentiethcenturywithprevious-yeardroughtconditionsbecomingmoreimportantthancurrent-yeardrought.Thisshiftisdiscussedinrelationtoawarmingtrendoverthatsameperiod,aswellaspossibletrendsinmastingbehaviorofbeech.Conclusion:Theinvestigatedbeechtreesontheshallowchalksoilareonlyslightlymoredroughtsensitivethanbeechtreesonthereferencesitewithdeeperandmoredevelopedsoils.

简介：Inthispaper,thesummerclimateof1991istakenasacasetostudytheinfluenceofthetransitionzonemigrationonsummerdroughtinNorthChinabyusingtheregionalclimatemodel(RegCM2).Theresultsshowthatthetransitionzonemigratesinland,thesummermonsoonrainbandof1991alsomovesinland.TheintensiverainbandintheChangjiangRiverValleyduringtheMeiyuperiodmovesnorth.TheprecipitationinNorthChinaincreasesandthesurfaceairtemperaturedecreases.Asaconsequence,itresultsinagoodcirclebetweenecosystemandclimate.Thetransitionzonemigrationchangesfluxtransfersbetweenlandandatmosphere,andexcitessecondarycirculationorcirculationcellsaroundit.Allthosearecloselyrelatedwiththevariationofprecipitation.

简介：为在米饭幼苗阶段的干旱忍耐的QTL用加倍的haploid(DH)被分析人口从在装饰用的梨树父母Maybelle和indica父母Baiyeqiu之间的十字由251根线组成了。有226SSR标记loci的一张基因连接地图被构造。跟随合成间隔印射的单个地点的分析(计算机输入缩微胶卷)检测了位于米饭的五个不同染色体的五QTL的一个总数。四QTL也被检测跟随二地点的分析，解决二epistaticQTL(E-QTLs)与积极并且添加剂基因效果。结果显示从父母Baiyeqiu的等位基因贡献了DH人口在幼苗阶段改进干旱忍耐。

简介：Background:ThefloodplainforestsofAraguaiaRiver,aclear-waterriverinthesoutheasternAmazon(TocantinsState,Brazil),arecharacterizedbyseasonalfloodingupto3.5mheight,lownutrientlevelsinthewater,andseasonaldroughtperiodsof4–5months.Methods:Westudiedtheforestdynamics(treediametergrowth,treemortalityandrecruitment)ofthisuniqueforestecosystemovera5-yearperiodbyrepeatedcensusesin12permanentplotsestablishedalongafloodinggradient.Results:Thecumulativebasalareaintheplotsincreasedby0.84(±0.45)m2?ha~(–1)?yr~(–1)(mean±SD)intheannualy-flooded(AF)plotsinlowerterrainandby0.69(±1.00)m2?ha~(–1)?yr~(–1)inthehighernon-annualyflooded(NAF)plots,correspondingtoanabovegroundbiomassincreaseof0.81(±0.57)and0.69(±1.58)Mg?ha~(–1)?yr~(–1)intheAFandNAFplots,indicatingarecentcarbonsinkinthebiomass.Meandiametergrowthratewas1.8(±0.44)mm?yr~(–1)intheAFand2.0(±0.56)mm?yr~(–1)intheNAFplots(correspondingtoacoarsewoodproductionof1.53(±1.29)and2.02(±0.52)Mg?ha~(–1)?yr~(–1)),indicatingnofloodingeffectonradialgrowth.Meanmortalityratesinthe5-yearperiodwere1.9(±0.37)%?yr~(–1)intheAFplotsand1.8(±0.87)%?yr~(–1)intheNAFplotswithnodifferencesalongthefloodinggradient.HighestmortalitieswereregisteredintheAFplotsforthe10–20cmdbhclass(2.4%?yr~(–1)),likelyasaconsequenceofflooding,andintheNAFplotsforthe40–50cmdbhclass(3.0%?yr~(–1)),probablymainlycausedbyENSO-relateddroughts.Conclusions:Weconcludethatthesedrought-affectedtropicalfloodplainforestshavealowerstandingbiomassandabovegroundproductivitythancentralAmazonianfloodplainforestsinmorehumidclimates,andtheimprintofthefloodinggradientonstanddynamicsisrelativelyweak,whichmayresultfromthelowerfloodingheightandtheinteractionoffloodingwithlownutrientsupplyandperiodicdrought.

简介：Lipoxygenase3(LOX3)isamajorcomponentoftheLOXisozymesinmaturericeseeds.ToinvestigatetheroleofLOX3geneunderstresses,aplantexpressionvectorcontainingantisensecDNAofLOX3wasconstructed.RicevarietiesWuyunjing7andKasalathweretransformedbytheAgrobacterium-mediatedmethodandtransgenicriceplantsweregenerated.PCRandSouthernblotresultsshowedthattheantisenseLOX3genewasintegratedintothericegenome.AnalysesofembryoLOX3deletionandsemi-quantitativeRT-PCRconfirmedtheantisensesuppressionofLOX3geneintransgenicplants.TheT2antisenseplantsofLOX3weresensitivetodroughtstress,riceblastandbacterialblightcomparedwithnon-transgenicplants.TheseresultssuggestthattheLOX3genemightfunctioninresponsetostresses.

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简介：三个米饭变化，Zhonghan3，Shanyou63和Aizizhan，当在检测微分活跃甲基的材料骑车并且响应干旱应力转移相关基因表示，被使用。实验被在干旱的条件下面的微分显示器技术与10%PEG6000答案模仿了的基因薄片和mRNA执行。结果显示甲基周期能在Zhonghan3和Shanyou63的叶子被激活，但是在干旱应力下面在Aizizhan的叶子禁止了。而且，干旱应力能导致很多methyltransferase基因的表示，特别Rubisco蛋白质methylation的抄写联系了基因，它是有益的因为Rubisco蛋白质氧化和降级的预防，和干旱应力能禁止DNAmethyltransferase基因和histonemethyltransferase基因的抄写。这结果证实活跃甲基骑车并且转移相关基因涉及米饭干旱抵抗。

简介：降水的变化特征在冬季期间(在10月和下列三月之间，此后被叫作“就冬季”)在广东省在过去的50年期间(从1957～2006)并且与和平的SST的关系用实验直角的功能(文件结束)分析，小浪分析，和关联分析的方法被学习。结果证明广东降水在冬季期间展出40年和2年的伪周期的重要摆动；降雨比从1970年代中是从到1970年代并且从到礼品的1990年代的结束的开始的1950年代的结束的更少到1990年代中。持续干旱的频率多于在冬季期间泛滥支撑。广东降水在期间这次时期在到赤道的中央、东方的和平的SST的显著地积极的关联，但是在与菲律宾的海的西方、北的和平的SST东方的显著地否定的关联。61.5%持续干旱发生在Ni(n)o3.4索引的否定异例的阶段并且38.5%在积极的阶段。大气的循环的合成分析为与持续干旱联系的Ni(n)o3.4区域的积极、否定的阶段被执行。结果证明一个弱极的旋涡，在欧洲的强壮的马槽和一条山脉接近巴尔克哈什·莱克，活跃冷空气和在底层控制广东的一致的在北方的风异例，在亚洲大陆的低中间的纬度的不活跃的西的低骚乱，并且一个弱南部的分支西的马槽，都是为持续干旱的相互的原因。

简介：季节的干旱是在潮湿的气候的普通出现。一年2003在时期期间是最干燥的年19852011在东南的中国。这研究的目的是阐明在2003的非凡的干旱的影响，与旋涡流动大小相比在200411期间在土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量(et)和相关因素的动力学上，以及他们的内在的机制，在在东南的中国的副热带的具球果的种植园。在集中的干旱时期期间从5.34～1.84公里减少了并且在恢复干旱时期的subsquent期间恢复了到4.80公里，被发现那每日的et。路径分析显示那et被华盖传导力和深土壤水内容(50厘米)主要分别地在集中的干旱和恢复干旱时期期间决定。华盖传导力当承受干旱应力时，在et上抵消空气蒸汽压力赤字的积极效果，当华盖传导力在迟了的成长季节期间在et上提高了空气温度的积极效果时。因为这种植园的好根主要在浅土壤，和土壤被散布，流水在上面40厘米没满足需求因为et，有气孔的闭合和落叶作为对干旱应力的生理的回答明显。