简介:Wedevelopadualporous(DP)TiO_2filmfortheelectrontransportinglayer(ETL)incarboncathodebasedperovskitesolarcells(C-PSCs).TheDPTiO_2filmwassynthesizedviaafacilePS-templatedmethodwiththethicknessbeingcontrolledbythespin-coatingspeed.ItwasfoundthatthereisanoptimumDPTiO_2filmthicknessforachievinganeffectiveETL,asuitableperovskite/TiO_2interface,anefficientlightharvesterandthusahighperformanceC-PSC.Inparticular,suchaDPTiO_2filmcanactasascaffoldforcomplete-fillingoftheporeswithperovskiteandforforminghigh-qualityperovskitecrystalsthatareseamlesslyinterfacedwithTi_O2toenhanceinterfacialchargeinjection.LeveragingtheuniqueadvantagesofDPTiO2ETL,togetherwithadense-packedandpinhole-freeTiO_2compactlayer,PCEoftheC-PSCshasreached9.81%withgoodstability.
简介:Directsimulationof3-DMHD(magnetohydrodynamics)flowsinliquidmetalfusionblanketwithflowchannelinsert(FCI)hasbeenconducted.Twokindsofpressureequilibriumslot(PES)inFCI,whichareusedtobalancethepressuredifferencebetweentheinsideandoutsideofFCI,areconsideredwithaslotinHartmannwalloraslotinsidewall,respectively.ThevelocityandpressuredistributionofFCImadeofSiC/SiC_farenumericallystudiedtoillustratethe3-DMHDfloweffects,whichclearlyshowthatt...
简介:Thedesignprincipleandstructuralfeaturesofanewtypedual-channelground-basedmicrowaveradiometerformeasurementofwatervaporandliquidwaterintropospherearediscussed.Amethodindependentofradiosondedataisusedforsystemabsolutecalibrations.Astatisticalmethodforretrievingthetotalwatervaporandcloudliquidwatercontentandanonlineariterativealgorithmforretrievingthewatervaporprofilesinthetropospherearediscussed.Comparisonisconductedbetweenthemeasurementoftheintegratedamountsofthewatervaporandthetroposphericvaporprofilesbytheradiometerandtheradiosondedata.
简介:Aone-dimensional(1D)fluidsimulationofdualfrequencydischargeinheliumgasatatmosphericpressureiscarriedouttoinvestigatetheroleofthesecondaryelectronemissiononthesurfacesoftheelectrodes.Inthesimulation,electrons,ionsofHe+andHe2+,metastableatomsofHe*andmetastablemoleculesofHe*2areincluded.Itisfoundthatthesecondaryelectronemissioncoefficientsignificantlyinfluencesplasmadensityandelectricfieldaswellaselectronheatingmechanismsandionizationrate.TheparticledensitiesincreasewithincreasingSEEcoefficientfrom0to0.3aswellasthesheath’selectricfieldandelectronsource.Moreover,theSEEcoefficientalsoinfluencestheelectronheatingmechanismandelectronpowerdissipationintheplasmaandbothofthemincreasewithincreasingSEEcoefficientwithintherangefrom0to0.3asaresultofincreasingofelectrondensity.
简介:AFourieranalysisappliedtotheMach–Zehnderinterferometer(MZI)transmissionspectrumforsimultaneousrefractiveindex(RI)andtemperaturemeasurementsisproposedandexperimentallydemonstratedinthisLetter.InthefastFouriertransform(FFT)spectrumoftheMZItransmissionspectrum,severalfrequencycomponentsaregenerallyobserved,whichmeansthatthetransmissionspectrumoftheMZIisformedbythesuperpositionofsomedual-modeinterference(DMI)spectra,andeachfrequencycomponentrepresentsdifferentcore-claddinginterferences.WecanselectsomedominantfrequencycomponentsintheFFTspectrumoftheMZItransmissionspectrumtotaketheinverseFFT(IFFT).Then,thecorrespondingDMIpatternscanbeobtained.DuetotheshiftofthewavelengthoftheseDMIspectrawithchangesintheenvironmentalparameters,wecanusethecoefficientmatrixoftheseDMIspectraformulti-parametersensing.InthisLetter,twoDMIpatternsareseparatedfromtheresultanttransmissionspectrumoftheMZI.AstheRIandtemperaturechange,theshiftsofthetwoDMIpatternswithrespecttotheRIandtemperaturewillbeobserved.ThesensitivitiesoftheRIandtemperatureare-137.1806nm∕RIU(RIunit)and0.0860nm∕°C,and-22.9955nm∕RIUand0.0610nm∕°CforthetwoDMIs.Accordingly,itcanbeusedtosimultaneouslymeasureRIandtemperaturechanges.Theapproachcaneliminatetheinfluenceofmultipleinterferencesandimprovetheaccuracyofthesensor.
简介:Adual-stageservosystemconsistsofaprimarycoarseactuatorforfacilitatinglargemotionandasecondarymicro-actuatorforsmallbutprecisemotiontoimprovetrackingperformance.Piezoelectricmicro-actuatormadefromleadzirconatetitanate(PZT)hasbeenapopularchoiceforthesecondarystage.However,theadvantagegainedbytheresolutionofthesecondaryPZTactuatorisreducedbyitsinherenthysteresisnonlinearity.Modelbasedhysteresiscompensationtechniquesarepreferredduetotheirsimplicityandfastresponse.Identificationandmodelingaretwosubstantialpartsinsuchmodel-basedtechniques.ThispaperpresentsarigorousanalysisandmodelingofthehysteresisofPZTmicro-actuator.ModifiedGeneralizedPrandtl-IshlinskiiandColeman-Hodgdonmodelsarestudied.Identificationofthemodelthroughnonlinearleastsquareandparticleswarmoptimizationareexaminedandcompared.Severalanalysesaredonethroughtuningofthemodelparametersandidentificationtechniques.Experimentalanalysisandsimulationresultsunderscoretheeffectivenessofthismodelingapproach.Finallyasadesignexample,adual-stagesimulationanalysisisdonetoshowtheeffectivenessofsystematicmodelingonhysteresiscompensation.
简介:BackgroundTraditional垂直、轮流出现方面的整个身体颤动(WBV)能有效地改进肌肉力量性能,但是为提高change-of-direction(货到付款)有有限功效能力。特别地为每条腿向运动的各种各样的方向提供更高、特殊的频率的新奇双板的WBV可以在肌肉力量和短弄短的周期功效贡献货到付款能力上引起更好尖锐的效果。因此,这研究的目的是调查双频率或单个频率的WBV的尖锐效果在上蹲跳(SJ),countermovement跳(CMJ),怪癖的利用比率(EUR),,和4min部分在一台双板的WBV机器上与WBV协议的3种类型蹲包括有收到35Hz的主导的腿和收到45Hz的非主导的腿的1个双频率的WBV协议(DFW),并且2single-fp=0.008;CMJ:p<0.001),但是显著地没改变EUR(p>0.05)。另外,仅仅DFW显著地改进了双频率的WBV会议改进了在橄榄球播放器的垂直的跳和货到付款能力的货到付款能力(p=0.001).ConclusionA4min,建议这能是为运动员的一个潜在的热身运动协议。
简介:Weexperimentallydemonstrateall-opticalclockrecoveryfor100Gb/sreturn-to-zeroon–offkeyingsignalsbasedonamonolithicdual-modedistributedBraggreflector(DBR)laser,whichcanrealizebothmodespacingandwavelengthtuning.Byusingacoherentinjectionlockingscheme,a100GHzopticalclockcanberecoveredwithatimingjitterof530fs,whichisderivedbyanopticalsamplingoscilloscopefromboththephasenoiseandthepowerfluctuation.Furthermore,fordegradedinjectionsignalswithanopticalsignal-to-noiseratioaslowas4.1dBanda25kmlongdistancetransmission,good-qualityopticalclocksareallsuccessfullyrecovered.
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简介:Weproposeanultra-simpledual-channelconfigurationforsimultaneouslyevaluatingtwobranchesofamultifunctionalintegratedopticchip(MFIOC).Intheconfiguration,theMFIOCisemployedasabeamsplittertoconstructthedemodulationinterferometertogetherwitha2×2fibercoupler.InterferencehappensbetweenpolarizationmodestravelingthroughdifferentchannelsoftheMFIOC.Thecross-couplingsofeachchannelarerespectivelycharacterizedbytheinterferencepeakswhichdistributeonoppositesidesofthecentralinterferencepeak.TemperatureresponsesoftheMFIOCareexperimentallymeasuredfrom-40°Cto80°C.Resultsshowthattheproposedconfigurationcanachievesimultaneousdual-channeltransientmeasurementswithresolutionof-90dBanddynamicrangeof90dB.Inaddition,thetwochannelsoftheconfigurationhaveconsistentmeasuringperformance,andthetwobranchesoftheMFIOChavedifferentresponsestotemperaturevariation.
简介:Wereportedonthegenerationofthedual-wavelengthrectangularpulseinanerbium-dopedfiberlaser(EDFL)withatopologicalinsulatorsaturableabsorber.Therectangularpulsecouldbestablyinitiatedwithpulsewidthfrom13.62to25.16nsandfundamentalrepetitionrateof3.54MHzbyproperlyadjustingthepumppowerandthepolarizationstate.Inaddition,weverifiedthatthepulseshapeofthedual-wavelengthrectangularpulsecanbeaffectedbythetotalnetcavitydispersioninthefiberlaser.Furthermore,byproperlyrotatingthepolarizationcontrollers,theharmonicmode-lockingoperationofthedual-wavelengthrectangularpulsewasalsoobtained.Thedual-wavelengthrectangularpulseEDFLwouldbenefitsomepotentialapplications,suchasspectroscopy,biomedicine,andsensingresearch.
简介:摘要目的探讨丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平对原发性肝癌(以下简称肝癌)发病风险的预测价值。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法。收集2006年7月至2007年12月在华北理工大学附属开滦总医院(26 980例)、开滦林西医院(18 306例)、开滦赵各庄医院(14 469例)、开滦唐家庄医院(4 389例)、开滦范各庄医院(4 561例)、开滦荆各庄医院(7 623例)、开滦吕家坨医院(4 249例)、开滦林南仓医院(3 136例)、开滦钱家营医院(6 356例)、开滦马家沟医院(2 319例)、开滦医院分院(3 392例)行健康体检的95 780例受试者的体检资料,其中男76 491例,女19 289例;年龄为(51±11)岁,年龄范围为18~98岁。依据ALT三分位水平将受试者分为3组:T1组31 859例(ALT<14.7 U/L),T2组30 627例(14.7 U/L≤ALT<22.0 U/L),T3组33 294例(ALT≥22.0 U/L)。由固定医师团队于2006、2008、2010、2012、2014年在相同地点按相同健康体检顺序对受试者进行体检,收集流行病学调查内容、人体测量学及实验室检查指标。观察指标:(1)3组受试者的临床特征比较。(2)受试者随访和肝癌的发病情况。(3)影响受试者新发肝癌的危险因素分析。(4)ALT对肝癌模型预测价值的比较。采用健康体检的方式进行随访,随访内容为肝癌新发病情况和患者生存情况。以2006年首次健康体检时间作为随访起始时间,随访终止事件为发生肝癌、失访、死亡。随访时间截至2018年12月31日。正态分布的计量资料以±s表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示,多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验。计数资料以绝对数和(或)百分比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算累积发病率,累积发病率的组间比较采用Log-rank进行检验。使用限制性立方样条曲线(RCS)计算连续变化的ALT和肝癌发病风险的剂量反应关系。而后采用COX比例风险模型分析不同ALT水平分组影响肝癌发病的风险比(HR)和95%可信区间。使用似然比检验和赤池信息量准则(AIC)计算ALT对于肝癌预测模型拟合情况的影响。使用C-统计量计算不同模型的预测能力。结果(1)3组受试者的临床特征比较:T1组受试者男性、年龄、收缩压、舒张压、腰围、体质量指数、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性、高血压病、糖尿病、肝硬化、脂肪肝、恶性肿瘤家族史、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼分别为23 516例、(53±14)岁、(130±21)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)、(82±12)mmHg、(85±10)cm、(24±3)kg/m2、(4.9±1.1)mmol/L、1.11mmol/L(0.79~1.63 mmol/L)、(5.4±1.6)mmol/L、(1.5±0.4)mmol/L、(2.3±1.0)mmol/L、478例、12 758例、2 482例、15例、5 899例、1 071例、9 553例、5 434例、5 210例;T2组受试者上述指标分别为24 886例、(52±12)岁、(132±21)mmHg、(84±12)mmHg、(87±10)cm、(25±3)kg/m2、(4.9±1.2)mmol/L、1.27 mmol/L(0.91~1.90 mmol/L)、(5.5±1.7)mmol/L、(1.6±0.4)mmol/L、(2.4±0.9)mmol/L、744例、13 884例、2 677例、13例、9 365例、981例、8 935例、5 216例、5 023例;T3组受试者上述指标分别为28 089例、(50±12)岁、(132±21)mmHg、(85±12)mmHg、(89±10)cm、(26±3)kg/m2、(5.0±1.2)mmol/L、1.45 mmol/L(1.02~2.28 mmol/L)、(5.6±1.8)mmol/L、(1.6±0.4)mmol/L、(2.3±0.9)mmol/L、1 416例、15 471例、3 583例、70例、15 277例、1 350例、10 514例、6 184例、4 447例;3组受试者上述指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=1 181.88,F=350.52、148.39、417.75、948.63、1 917.20、111.60, χ2=3 747.25,F=133.78、18.17、14.45, χ2=478.33、306.60、181.38、58.19、5 649.18、38.82、45.69、35.11、152.64,P<0.05)。(2)受试者随访和肝癌的发病情况:95 780例受试者随访时间为9.05年(8.75~9.22年),共有新发肝癌351例,肝癌总发病密度为3.39/10 000人年,女性肝癌发病率为1.11/10 000人年,男性肝癌发病率为3.97/10 000人年。T1组、T2组、T3组肝癌的发病密度分别为2.09/10 000人年、2.54/10 000人年和5.42/10 000人年。T1组、T2组、T3组受试者的肝癌累积发病率分别为2.47‰、3.10‰和6.11‰,3组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=63.50,P<0.05)。(3)影响受试者新发肝癌的危险因素分析。COX比例风险模型分析结果显示:校正性别、年龄、体质量指数、总胆固醇、空腹血糖、HBsAg阳性、高血压病、糖尿病、肝硬化、脂肪肝、恶性肿瘤家族史、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼后,与T1组比较,T3组新发肝癌的风险增加(HR=1.87,95%可信区间为1.40~2.49,P<0.05)。RCS结果显示:ALT与肝癌的发病风险呈非线性相关,且曲线呈上升趋势(RCS_S1_χ2=7.21,P<0.05)。(4)ALT对肝癌模型预测价值的比较:建立多因素模型,将性别、年龄、体质量指数、总胆固醇、空腹血糖、HBsAg阳性、高血压病、糖尿病、肝硬化、脂肪肝、恶性肿瘤家族史、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼因素共同带入模型中,计算此模型的C统计量、-2Log L值和AIC值,分别为0.791、6 313.30和6 345.30。将ALT三分位数分组带入模型中,以T1组为对照组计算此时模型的C统计量、-2Log L值和AIC值,分别为0.792、6 300.48和6 328.48。多因素+Fbg模型的C统计量和AIC数值降低,与多因素模型的-2Log L值的差值为12.82,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.82,P<0.05)。结论ALT是肝癌的独立危险因素。在建立肝癌预测模型或评估肝癌发病风险时,ALT可作为重要的参考指标。
简介:Becauseofthezerodispersionwavelength(ZDWL)randomfluctuations,thegainandnoisefiguresdeteriorateinopticalparametricamplifiersbasedonhighlynonlinearfibers(HNLFs).ThedetrimentalroleofZDWLfluctuationsonthegainandnoiseperformanceindual-pumpfiberopticalparametricamplifiers(FOPAs)ispresented.Numericalinvestigationsofnoisefigure(NF)fordifferentfiberswithrandomfluctuationareanalyzed.Thenoisefiguresfordifferentfibersarevaryingeveniftherandomfluctuationissmall.ThroughchoosingHNLFswithlowZDWLfluctuationandlargenonlinearcoefficient,high-gainandlow-noiseperformancecanbeobtained.