简介:BasedontheFenlon‘stheorytheparametriceffectsinfluidsduetothenonlinearinteractionofalowfrequencypumpingwaveandahighfrequencyprobingwaveareanalysed.TheexpressionsofpressureamplitudeofsumordifferencefrequencysidebandandthefromulaofnonlinearityparameterB/Aforlossymediumarederived.Theoreticalcalculationdemonstrated,thatthesidebandcomponentsincreaselinearlywithpumpsignal.Therefore,amethodfordeterminationofB/Aisprovidedandtheval-uesforseveralbiologicalfluidsandmixturesaremeasured.
简介:Thisworkbrieflysummarizedtherecentresearcheffortsmadeonthephaseheattransferprocessesinvolvingbiologicalaggregates,withparticularattentiononthecorrelationofaggregatestructureandstateofwaterwiththeprocessefficiency.Thephasechangeprocessesincludeboiling,drying,freezing,sintering,pyrolysis,andsupercriticalextraction,whiletheformerthreewerediscussedinsomedetail.
简介:Thefieldofmechanicsofbiologicalandbio-inspiredmaterialsunderwentanexcitingdevelopmentoverthepastseveralyears,whichmadeitstandatthecuttingedgeofbothengineeringmechanicsandbiomechanics.Asanintriguinginterdisciplinaryresearchfield,itaimsatelucidatingthefundamentalprinciplesinnature'sdesignofstrong,multi-functionalandsmartMaterialsbyfocusingontheassembly,deformation,stabilityandfailureofthematerials.Theseprinciplesshouldhavewideapplicationsinnotonlymaterialsciencesandmechanicalengineeringbutalsobiomedicalengineering.Forinstance,theknowledgeinMechanicalprinciplesofbiologicalmaterialsisveryhelpfulforaddressingsomemajorchallengesinmaterialsciencesandengineering.Theyalsohavethepotentialtoprovidequantitativeunderstandingabouthowforcesanddeformationaffecthumanbeing'shealth,diseasesandtreatmentattissue,cellularandmolecularlevels.
简介:Manybiologicalmaterials,suchaswoodandbone,possesshelicoidmicrostructuresatmicroscale,whichcanserveasreinforcingelementstotransferstressbetweencracksurfacesandimprovethefracturetoughnessoftheircomposites.Failureprocesses,suchasfiber/matrixinterfacedebondingandslidingassociatedwithpull-outofhelicalfibers,areresponsiblemainlyforthehighenergydissipationneededforthefracturetoughnessenhancement.Herewepresentsystemicanalysesofthepull-outbehaviorofahelicalfiberfromanelasticmatrixviathefiniteelementmethod(FEM)simulation,withimplicationsregardingtheunderlyingtougheningmechanismofhelicoidmicrostructures.Wefindthat,throughtheiruniformcurvatureandtorsion,helicalfiberscanprovidehighpull-outforceandlargeinterfaceareas,resultinginhighenergydissipationthataccounts,toalargeextent,forthehightoughnessofbiologicalmaterials.Thehelicityoffibershapeintermsofthehelicalanglehassignificanteffectsontheforce-displacementrelationshipsaswellasthecorrespondingenergydissipationduringfiberpull-out.
简介:Systemsofphotosyntheticreactioncentreshavebeenmodelledasheatengines,whileithasalsobeenreportedthattheefficiencyandpowerofsuchheatenginescanbeenhancedbyquantuminterference—atraitthathasattractedmuchinterest.Wecomparetwodefinitionsoftheworkofsuchaphotosyntheticheatengine,i.e.definitionAusedbyWeimeretal.andBbyDorfmanetal.Wealsointroduceacoherentinteractionbetweendonorandacceptor(CIDA)todemonstrateareversibleenergytransport.Weshowthatthesetwodefinitionsofworkcanimpartcontradictoryresults,thatis,CIDAenhancesthepowerandefficiencyofthephotosyntheticheatenginewithdefinitionBbutnotwithA.Additionally,wefindthatbothreversibleandirreversibleexcitation-energytransportcanbedescribedwithdefinitionA,butdefinitionBcanonlymodelirreversibletransport.Asaresult,weconcludethatdefinitionAismoresuitableforphotosyntheticsystemsthandefinitionB.
简介:Biologicalmaterialssuchasbone,tooth,andnacreareload-bearingnanocompositescomposedofmineralandprotein.Sincethemineralcrystalsoftenhaveslendergeometry,thenanocompositesaresusceptibletobuckleunderthecompressiveload.Inthispaper,weanalyzethelocalbucklingbehaviorsofthenanocompositestructureofthebiologicalmaterialsusingabeam-springmodelbywhichwecanconsiderplentyofmineralcrystalsandtheirinteractioninouranalysiscomparedwithexistingstudies.Weshowthatthereisatransitionofthebucklingbehaviorsfromalocalbucklingmodetoaglobalonewhenwecontinuouslyincreasetheaspectratioofmineral,leadingtoanincreaseofthebucklingstrengthwhichlevelsofftothestrengthofthecompositesreinforcedwithcontinuouscrystals.Wefindthatthecontactconditionatthemineraltipshasastrikingeffectonthelocalbucklingmodeatsmallaspectratio,buttheeffectdiminisheswhentheaspectratioislarge.Ouranalysesalsoshowthatthestaggeredarrangementofmineralplaysacentralroleinthestabilityofthebiologicalnanocomposites.
简介:Aseriesoffuroxan-basednitricoxide-releasingmatrinederivatives(10a-f)weresynthesized.Thebiologicalevaluationshowedthatcompounds10a,10b,10eand10fhadstrongercytotoxicactivitiesthan5-fluorouracilagainsthumanhepatomacells(HepG2)invitro.
简介:Fromthepress-residueofthefreshroottuberofTrichosantheskirilowiiMaxim(Cu-curbitaceae),anewribosome-inactivatingprotein(RIP),trichobitacin,wasisolated.IthastheactivityofRNAN-glycosidaseandcaninhibitthegrowthofhumanplacentaltrophoblasticcells.Itsmolecularweightis27,228Da(ES-MS)andpI9.6.ItisasinglechainbasicRIP.Itsaminoacidcompositionwasdetermined.ItisanewRIP.Itconsistsof0.7~0.9%galactoseandmaybeaglycoprotein.ItsA’-andC-terminalaminoacidisAspandAla,respectively.ItsN-terminalpreliminaryaminoacidsequencehasbeendetermined.
简介:Thetwocompounds,2,2-dimethyl-4-S-(N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamato)-5-(1,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-propione(1)and2,2-dimethyl-4-S-(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamato)-5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-propione(2),werepreparedbyreactingN,N-dialkyldithiocarbamatesodiumwith2,2-dimethyl-4-bromo-5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propione.Theirstructureswereidentifiedbyelementalanalysis,IRand^1HNMRspectroscopy.Thestructureof1hasbeendeterminedbyX-raysinglecrystalstructureanalysis.ItcrystallizesinmonoclinicsystemwithspacegroupP21/c,a=1.2315(3)nm,b=1.2057(2)nm,c=1.2532(3)nm,β=118.55(3)°,Z=4,V=1.6345(6)nm^3,Dc=1.221g/cm^3,μ=0.324mm^-1,F(000)=640,finalR1=0.0449.ThereisobviouspotentiallyweakC—H...Nintermolecularinteractioninthecrystal,whichstabilizesthecrystalstructure.Theresultofthebiologicaltestshowedthatthetwocompoundshavefungistasisandplantgrowthregulatingactivities.
简介:TwoN-dichloroacetyloxazolidinesweresynthesizedwithasimple,mildandconvenientmethod.AllthecompoundswerecharacterizedbyIR,^1HNMRandelementalanalysis.Thepreliminarybiologicaltestshowedthatthecompoundsprotectedmaizeagainstinjurybysomeherbicidestosomeextent.
简介:Aseriesofethyl6-alkoxy-7-phenyl-4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylatesweredesignedandsynthesized.Theirstructureswereconfirmedby~1HNMR,~(13)CNMR,IRandHRMS.ThebiologicalactivitieswereprimarilyevaluatedagainstEimeriatenellaaccordingtoAnticoccidialIndex(ACI)methodinvivo.Theresultsshowedthatcompounds5e,5fand5iexhibitedanticoccidialactivitiesagainstE.tenellaat27mgkg~(-1).
简介:Shortpeptidesbasedonthetripeptides,Leu-Arg-ProandLeu-Lys-Pro,weresynthesizedbymicrowaveassistedsolid-phasesynthesismethod,inordertomakeasearchforpotentialinhibitorsforangiotensinI-convertingenzyme(ACE)withminimumsideeffectsinthetreatmentofhypertension.OnepeptidewiththesequenceLeu-Arg-Pro-Phe-PheshowsthestrongestinhibitiontowardsACEwithanIC50valueof0.26μmol/Linvitro.Thestudyofstructure-activityrelationshipshowsthattheintroductionofabulkygroupintotheN-terminalofthisseriesofinhibitorsmayenlargesterichindrance,resultinginthepoorinhibitoryactivitytowardsACE.TheinhibitoryactivitydecreasedinturnwhenL-Pro,D-ProorAc6cwasattheC-terminalrespectively.ThebindinginteractionbetweeneachoftheseinhibitorsandtesticularACE(tACE)wasperformedbymoleculardocking.TheresultssuggestthatLeu-Arg-Pro-Phe-PhemainlyoccupiedtheS1subsiteoftACE,andmadecontactwithtACEviasevenH-bonds.ItappearedthatthesiteonthepeptidethatboundwithtACEwasinfluencedbytheconfigurationoftheaminoacid,LorD-form,attheC-terminalofthepeptide.