简介：蛋白质领域被保存，在相互作用起一个重要作用在之中的机能上地独立的结构联系了蛋白质。域域相互作用最近被用来预言蛋白质蛋白质相互作用(PPI)。一般来说，一双领域的相互作用概率用训练得分功能被获得。令人满意阀值，当“交往”，带那些领域的蛋白质对被考虑。在这研究，蛋白质的签名内容被利用在Saccharomycescerevisiae，Caenorhabditiselegin，和人预言PPI对现代人。蛋白质签名模式的类似被获得，PPI预言基于二进制类似得分函数被拉。结果证明由建议途径的预言的真积极的率用最大的可能性评价方法比那高是约32%，导致在与一个测试集合相比操作的接收装置下面的区域的22%增加什么时候特征(巨鸟)曲线。当包含一个或二签名的蛋白质被移开时，预言的PPI对的敏感显著地增加了。预言的PPI对是平均，11更多半预定在0.95的信心水平比随机的选择交往，并且平均，4比那些由也预言更好预定种系发生的介绍或基因表达介绍。

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简介：TheE(envelope)proteinisthesmalleststructuralproteininallcoronavirusesandistheonlyviralstructuralproteininwhichnovariationhasbeendetected.WeconductedgenomesequencingandphylogeneticanalysesofSARS-CoV.Basedongenomesequencing,wepredictedtheEproteinisatransmembrane(TM)pro-teincharacterizedbyaTMregionwithstronghydrophobicityandα-helixcon-formation.Weidentifiedasegment(NH2-_L-Cys-A-Y-Cys-Cys-N_-COOH)inthecarboxyl-terminalregionoftheEproteinthatappearstoformthreedisulfidebondswithanothersegmentofcorrespondingcysteinesinthecarboxyl-terminusoftheS(spike)protein.ThesebondspointtoapossiblestructuralassociationbetweentheEandSproteins.OurphylogeneticanalysesoftheEproteinsequencesinallpub-lishedcoronavirusesplaceSARS-CoVinanindependentgroupinCoronaviridaeandsuggestanon-humananimalorigin.

简介：Theadsorptionofproteinonnanoparticleswasstudiedbyusingdynamiclightscatteringtomeasurethehydrodynamicsizeofbothpureproteinandnanoparticlesadsorbedwithdifferentamountsofprotein.Thethicknessoftheadsorbedproteinlayerincreasesasproteinconcentration,butdecreasesastheinitialsizeofnanoparticles.Afterproperlyscalingthethicknesswiththeinitialdiameter,weareabletofitallexperimentaldatawithasinglemastercurve.Ourexperimentalresultssuggestthattheadsorbedproteinsformamonolayeronthenanoparticlesurfaceandtheadsorbedproteinmoleculesareattachedtotheparticlesurfaceatmanypointsthroughapossiblehydrogen-bonding.Ourresultsalsoindicatethatasproteinconcentrationincreases,theoverallshapeoftheadsorbedproteinmoleculecontinuouslychangesfromaflatlayerontheparticlesurfacetoastretchedcoilextendedintowater.Duringthechange,thehydrodynamicvolumeoftheadsorbedproteinincreaseslinearlywithproteinconcentration.

简介：管理生命的自然现象的内在的原则是在最近的年里收到到期的重要性的关键问题之一。没有规模的建筑学的特色是大多数连接节点(中心)的活力。这篇文章的主要目的是由在二个相互作用系统的拓扑的参数上考虑建筑上的模式和中心的移动的后果分析蛋白质蛋白质和果蝇melanogaster的新陈代谢的相互作用网络。分析证明两个相互作用网络跟随一个没有规模的模型，建立从改变的状况，很真实的世界网络遵循小世界模式的事实。平均路径长度出现了一双重并且三方面的增加(从9.42～20.93并且从5.29～17.75变化，分别地)分别地，由于中心的删除为蛋白质蛋白质和新陈代谢的相互作用联网。相反，节点的任意的消除没在蛋白质蛋白质和新陈代谢的相互作用网络的拓扑的参数显示出任何显著不同(平均路径长度：9.42+/-0.02和5.27+/-0.01，分别地)。为二个盒子的这越轨行为强调大多数连接节点的意义到网络的自然拓扑学。

简介：Protein-proteininteractions(PPIs)havebeenwidelystudiedtounderstandthebiologicalprocessesormolecularfunctionsassociatedwithdifferentdiseasesystemslikecancer.Whilefocusedstudiesonindividualcancershavegeneratedvaluableinformation,globalandcomparativeanalysisofdatasetsfromdifferentcancertypeshasnotbeendone.Inthiswork,wecarriedoutbioinformaticanalysisofPPIscorrespondingtodifferentiallyexpressedgenesfrommicroarraysofvarioustumortissues(belongingtobladder,colon,kidneyandthyroidcancers)andcomparedtheirassociatedbiologicalprocessesandmolecularfunctions(basedonGeneOntologyterms).Weidentifiedasetofprocessesorfunctionsthatarecommontoallthesecancers,aswellasthosethatarespecifictoonlyoneorpartialcancertypes.Similarly,proteininteractionnetworksinnucleicacidmetabolismwerecomparedtoidentifythecommon/specificclustersofproteinsacrossdifferentcancertypes.Ourresultsprovideabasisforfurtherexperimentalinvestigationstostudyproteininteractionnetworksassociatedwithcancer.Themethodologydevelopedinthisworkcanalsobeappliedtostudysimilardiseasesystems.

简介：ProteinkinaseRAFisstrategicallylocatedinthe'Ras-MAP-kinasesignaltransductionpathway',aprinciplesystemwhichtransmitssignalsfromgrowthfactorreceptorstothenucleus,resultingincellproliferation.GrowthfactorresponsesaremediatedinpartbyactivationofRas,whichinturnactivatesRAFtophosphorylateMEK,itsdownstreamsubstrate.MEKactivatesMAPkinasetoinfluencenuclearevents.itisclear.however,thatanetworkofsignalsotherthanthosecarredbyRasplaysaroleinRAFregulation.Theseorthogonalinfluencesaremediatedbu:serine/threoninekinases,tyrosinekinases,andprotein-proteininteractions.AsafurthercomplicationtotheRAFnetwork,threeisoformsofRAFhavebeenestablishedwhichhavedivergentN-terminalregulatorydomains,Whereasthesedivergentregulatorydomainsimplicateisoform-specificfunctions,noclearevidenceorhypothesisfordistinctfunctionsforindividualisoformshasbeenpresented.Recently,'isoform-specificproteininteractions'havebeenidentifiedamongnumerousproteinsinteractingwithRAF,ThesestudiesmayservetodelineateindependentfunctionsforRAFisoforms.

简介：AstatisticalthermodynamictheoryoflinearproteinsolutionswasproposedwiththeaidofalatticemodelandappliedtotypeⅠantifreezeprotein(AFPI)solutions.ThenumericalresultsforseveralAFPIsolutionsshowthattheGibbsfunctionofthesolutionhasaminimumatacertainproteinconcentration,buttheproteinchemicalpotentialincreaseswithincreasingtheconcentration.TheinfluencesoftemperatureandproteinchainlengthontheAFPIchemicalpotentialwerealsodiscussed.Theevaluationforthecolligativedepressionofthefreezingpointconfirmsthattheantifreezeactionshouldberecognizedasnon-colligative.Thetheoreticaldeductionfortheconcentrationdependenceofthethermalhysteresisactivitycoincidesqualitativelywiththepreviousexperimentalandtheoreticalresults.

简介：Transmissiblespongiformencephalopathyorpriondiseaseistriggeredbytheconversionfromcellularprionproteintopathogenicprionprotein.Growingevidencehasconcentratedonprionproteinconfigurationchangesandtheircorrelationwithpriondiseasetransmissibilityandpathogenicity.Invivoandinvitrostudieshaveshownthatseveralcytosolicformsofprionproteinwithspecifictopologicalstructurecandestroyintracellularstabilityandcontributetoprionproteinpathogenicity.Inthisstudy,thelatestmolecularchaperonesystemassociatedwithendoplasmicreticulum-associatedproteindegradation,theendoplasmicreticulumresidentproteinquality-controlsystemandtheubiquitinationproteasomesystem,isoutlined.Themolecularchaperonesystemdirectlycorrelateswiththeprionproteindegradationpathway.Understandingthemolecularmechanismswillhelpprovideafascinatingavenueforfurtherinvestigationsonpriondiseasetreatmentandprionprotein-inducedneurodegenerativediseases.

简介：AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of CVDs and critical regulatory factors is of great significance for promoting heart repair, reversing cardiac remodeling, and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the function of protein kinases and their interactions with other regulatory proteins in myocardial biology. Protein kinases are positioned as critical regulators at the intersection of multiple signals and coordinate nearly every aspect of myocardial responses, regulating contractility, metabolism, transcription, and cellular death. Equally, reconstructing the disrupted protein kinases regulatory network will help reverse pathological progress and stimulate cardiac repair. This review summarizes recent researches concerning the function of protein kinases in CVDs, discusses their promising clinical applications, and explores potential targets for future treatments.

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简介：植物蛋白质蛋白质相互作用网络没被大规模实验识别了。以便更好在米饭理解蛋白质相互作用，预言的米饭Interactome网络(PRIN；http://bis.zju.edu.cn/prin/)介绍76,585个预言的相互作用包含5,049米饭蛋白质。在印射米饭的genomic特征以后(去注解，subcellular本地化预言，和基因表示)，我们发现一个注解得好、生物学上重要的网络是足够富有的在高顺序的生物系统以内捕获许多重要功能的连接，例如小径和生物进程。而且，我们作为例子拿了疯盒子的包含域的蛋白质和生理节奏的节奏发信号小径证明功能的蛋白质建筑群和生物小径能有效地在我们的预言的网络被扩展。在PRIN的扩展分子的网络更加改进了这些分析的能力集成存在知识并且提供新奇卓见进基因和基因网络的功能和协作。

简介：蜕皮激素受体(EcR)和ultraspiracle(USP)形成heterodimers调停ecdysteroid在molting和变形期间发信号。各种各样的EcR/USPheterodimers被报导了。然而，联合什么样的EcR/USP被鳞翅类的昆虫在幼虫蛹的变形期间采用并且EcR/USPheterodimer是否在不同纸巾之中变化，是不清楚的。探讨这些问题，每EcR和USP的二isoforms从普通糖蛾被克隆，他们的送信人RNA表示模式被即时量的聚合酶链反应响应神经质的正式就职在幼虫蛹的变形期间并且在midgut在不同纸巾检验。而且，他们的subcellular本地化和蛋白质蛋白质相互作用被短暂表示并且分别地的远西方的弄污探索。所有四基因在prepuae或蛹是显著地起来调整的。EcRB1和USP1的表示侧面与在外皮，胖身体和midgut的对方将近相同，并且一种类似的状况也适用于EcRA和USP2。三基因除了USP2，和USP1回答了正式就职到20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)能由20E和少年荷尔蒙起来调整。在原子核和原子本地化主要局部性的四蛋白质被20E支持。在每EcR和USP之间的蛋白质蛋白质相互作用在vitro被发现。这些结果建议EcR/USPheterodimer(EcRA/USP2和EcRB1/USP1)的二种类型可以在普通糖蛾同时存在，并且后者应该在幼虫蛹的变形期间起更重要的作用。另外，EcR/USPheterodimer的类型不在在变形期间经历histolysis和新生的纸巾变化。

简介：Azurins,awildtypeandageneticallymutantK27alteredone,wereimmobilizedonannealedgoldsurfaceandinvestigatedbymeansofatomicforcemicroscopy.Itwasfoundthatthesurfacecoverageandheightdistributionoftheadsorbedproteinmoleculesaredifferentfromeachother,whichispossiblytheresultofthedifferentorientationonthesurface.Itisbelievedthatthewildtypeazurinisconnectedtogoldsurfacebythedisulphidebridge;whilethemutant,K27C,mightbethroughthethiolgroupsofthecysteineresiduesontheirsurface.

简介：ThenameofSRproteinsisderivedfromtheirtypicalRSdomainthatisrichinserine(Ser,S)andarginine(Arg,R).Theyareconservedinevolution.Uptonow,10membersoftheSRproteinfamilyhavebeenidentifiedinhumans.SRproteinscontainoneortwoRNAbindingmotifsasidefromtheRSdomain,andalsopossessspecialbiochemicalandimmunologicalfeatures.AstothefunctionsofSRproteins,theyfacilitatetherecruitmentofthecomponentsofsplicesomeviaprotein-proteininteractiontoprompttheassemblyofearlysplicesome;whileinalternativesplicing,tissue-specificallyexpressedSRproteinalongwiththerelativeratioofSRproteinandheterogeneousnuclearribonucleoprotein(hnRNP)iscomposedoftwomainregulativemechanismsforalternativesplicing.Almostallofthebiochemicalfunctionsareregulatedbyreversiblephosphorylation.

简介：WedescribetheGALT-Protdatabaseanditsrelatedweb-basedapplicationthathavebeendevelopedtocollectinformationaboutthestructuralandfunctionaleffectsofmutationsonthehumanenzymegalactose-1-phosphateuridyltransferase(GALT)involvedinthegeneticdiseasenamedgalactosemiatypeI.Besidesalistofmissensemutationsatgeneandproteinsequencelevels,GALT-ProtreportstheanalysisresultsofmutantGALTstructures.Inadditiontothestructuralinformationaboutthewild-typeenzyme,thedatabasealsoincludesstructuresofover100singlepointmutantssimulatedbymeansofacomputationalprocedure,andtheanalysistoeachmutantwasmadewithseveralbioinformaticsprogramsinordertoinvestigatetheeffectofthemutations.Theweb-basedinterfaceallowsqueryingofthedatabase,andseverallinksarealsoprovidedinordertoguaranteeahighintegrationwithotherresourcesalreadypresentontheweb.Moreover,thearchitectureofthedatabaseandthewebapplicationisflexibleandcanbeeasilyadaptedtostoredatarelatedtootherproteinswithpointmutations.GALT-Protisfreelyavailableathttp://bioinformatica.isa.cnr.it/GALT/.

简介：Inthepost-genomicera,variouscomputationalmethodsthatpredictprotein-proteininteractionsatthegenomelevelareavailable;however,eachmethodhasitsownadvantagesanddisadvantages,resultinginfalsepredictions.Herewedevel-opedauniqueintegratedapproachtoidentifyinteractingpartner(s)ofSemaphorin5A(SEMA5A),beginningwithsevenproteinssharingsimilarligandinteractingresiduesasputativebindingpartners.ThemethodsincludeDwyerandRoot-Bernstein/Dillontheoriesofproteinevolution,hydropathiccomplementarityofproteinstructure,patternofproteinfunctionsamongmolecules,informationondomain-domaininteractions,co-expressionofgenesandproteinevolution.AmongthesetofsevenproteinsselectedasputativeSEMA5Ainteractingpartners,wefoundthefunctionsofPlexinB3andNeuropilin-2tobeassociatedwithSEMA5A.WemodeledthesemaphorindomainstructureofPlexinB3andfoundthatitsharessimilaritywithSEMA5A.Moreover,avirtualexpressiondatabasesearchandRT-PCRanalysisshowedco-expressionofSEMA5AandPlexinB3andtheseproteinswerefoundtohaveco-evolved.Inaddition,weconfirmedtheinterac-tionofSEMA5AwithPlexinB3inco-immunoprecipitationstudies.Overall,thesestudiesdemonstratethatanintegratedmethodofpredictioncanbeusedatthegenomelevelfordiscoveringmanyunknownproteinbindingpartnerswithknownligandbindingdomains.

简介：正弦电场驾驶的一个蛋白质马达系统被调查。Thesignal-to-noise比率(SNR)在断热的限制被导出。随机的回声的现象被作出对有利的裁决这个蛋白质马达系统。

简介：Venomousanimalsontheearthhavebeenfoundtobevaluableresourcesforthedevelopmentoftherapeutics.Enzymaticandnon-enzymaticproteinsandpeptidesarethemajorcomponentsofanimalvenoms,manyofwhichcantargetvariousionchannels,receptors,andmembranetransporters.Comparedtotraditionalsmallmoleculedrugs,naturalproteinsandpeptidesexhibithigherspecificityandpotencytotheirtargets.Inthisreview,wesummarizethevarietiesandcharacteristicsoftoxinsfromafewrepresentativevenomousanimals,anddescribethecomponentsandapplicationsofanimaltoxinsaspotentialdrugcandidatesinthetreatmentofhumandiseases,includingcancer,neurodegenerativediseases,cardiovasculardiseases,neuropathicpain,aswellasautoimmunediseases.Inthemeantime,therearemanyobstaclestotranslatenewtoxindiscoverytotheirclinicalapplications.Thechallenges,strategies,andperspectivesinthedevelopmentoftheproteintoxin-baseddrugsarediscussedaswell.