简介：Intractabletinnituscanleadtoseriousconsequences.Studyevidenceindicatesthatthecentralnervoussystemisinvolvedingenerationandmaintenanceofchronictinnitusandthattinnitusandotherneurologicsymptomssuchaschronicpainmaysharesimilarmechanisms.Brainablationandstimulationareusedtotreatchronicpainwithsuccess.Recentstudiesshowedthatablationandstimulationinnon-auditoryareasresultedintinnitusimprovement.Deepbrainstimulation(DBS)maybeanalternativetreatmentforintractabletinnitusanddeservesfurtherstudy.

简介：Formanyyears,studiesaboutthecochleahavebeenmainlyfocusedonsensorycells,i.e.theinnerhaircell(IHC)andouterhaircell(OHC),andtheneuronsystem.Supportingcells,suchasHensen'scellsandDeiters'cellsarelessstudied.Theirphysiologicalfunctionsandothercharacteristicsarenotwelldocumented.Nowadays,supportingcellsareanewworldattractingtoscientists'interests.Thescopeofthisreviewistodetailthebiologicalpropertiesofthesupportingcells,mainlyHensen'scellsandDeiters'cellsinthecochlea.Studiesonthissubjectwillbehelpfulinunderstandingphysiologyofthecochlea,andhopefullyprovidenewapproachesintreatingdiseasesofinnerear.

简介：Objective:Thepaperdiscussesrecentevidenceontheassessmentoflanguageoutcomesinchildrenwithhearinglossacquiringorallanguage.Methods:Researchemphasizesthatlanguagetestsmustbespecificenoughtocapturesubtledeficitsinvocabularyandgrammarlearningatdifferentdevelopmentalages.TheDiagnosticReceptiveandExpressiveAssessmentofMandarin(DREAM)wascarefullydesignedtobeacomprehensivestandardizedMandarinassessmentnormedinMainlandChina.Objective:Thepaperdiscussesrecentevidenceontheassessmentoflanguageoutcomesinchildrenwithhearinglossacquiringorallanguage.Methods:Researchemphasizesthatlanguagetestsmustbespecificenoughtocapturesubtledeficitsinvocabularyandgrammarlearningatdifferentdevelopmentalages.TheDiagnosticReceptiveandExpressiveAssessmentofMandarin(DREAM)wascarefullydesignedtobeacomprehensivestandardizedMandarinassessmentnormedinMainlandChina.Results:Thispapersummarizestheevidence-baseditemdesignprocessandvalidityandreliabilityresultsofDREAM.ApilotstudyreportedhereshowsthatDREAMprovideddetailedinformationabouthearingimpairedchildren’slanguageabilitiesandcanbeusedtoaidinterventionplanningtomaximizeprogress.Conclusion:DREAMrepresentsanexampleoftranslationalscience,transferringmethodsfromempiricalstudiesoflanguageacquisitioninresearchenvironmentsintoapplieddomainssuchasassessmentandintervention.ResearchonoutcomesinChinawilladvancesignificantlywiththeavailabilityofevidence-basedcomprehensivelanguageteststhatmeasureasufficientagerangeofskills,arenormedonMandarinspeakingchildreninmainlandChina,andaredesignedtocapturefeaturescentraltoMandarinlanguageacquisition.

简介：Minipigmodelsarelargemammalsandtheirearsaremoresimilarwithhumanbeingsinstructureanddevelopmentthanotheranimals.However,thestudyonporcineearsisstillintheinitialstageandthereisnodescriptionofanidealoperationapproachtoendocochlearpotentialandpotassiumionconcentrationmeasurements.Inthisarticle,wedescribeapre-auricularsurgicalapproachtoaccessthemiddleandinnerearforendocochlearpotentialandpotassiumionconcentrationmeasuresinminipigmodels.Tenone-weekoldnormalminipigswereusedinthestudy.Thebullaofthetemporalbonewasaccessedviaapre-auricularapproachforendocochlearpotentialandpotassiumionconcentrationmeasurements.Theconditionoftheanimalsduringthefirstpost—experiment24hwasobserved.Oneanimaldiedduringsurgery.Thepreauricularapproachimprovedprotectionandpreservationofrelevantnervousandvascularelementsincludingthefacialnerveandcarotidartery.So,thepre-auricularapproachcanbeusedforendocochlearpotentialandpotassiumionconcentrationmeasurementswithimprovednerveandarterypreservationminipigs.

简介：Objective:TodemonstratetheperformancebenefitoftheAutomaticSceneClassifier（SCAN）algorithmavailableintheNucleus6（CP900series）soundprocessoroverthedefaultprocessingalgorithmsofthepreviousgenerationNucleus5（CP810）andFreedomHybridTMsoundprocessors.Methods:Eighty-twocochlearimplantrecipients（40Nucleus5processorusersand42FreedomHybridprocessorusers）listenedtoandrepeatedAzBiosentencesinnoisewiththeircurrentprocessorandwiththeNucleus6processor.Results:TheSCANalgorithmwhenenabledyieldedstatisticallysignificantnon-inferiorandsuperiorperformancewhencomparedtotheNucleus5andFreedomHybridsoundprocessorsprogrammedwithASCtADRO.Conclusion:TheresultsofthesestudiesdemonstratethesuperiorperformanceandclinicalutilityoftheSCANalgorithmintheNucleus6processorovertheNucleus5andFreedomHybridprocessors.

简介：Background:Currently,thereisasignificantlackofdataconcerninglong-termoutcomesfollowingpaediatriccochlearimplantationintermsofqualityoflife.Thereisaneedforalong-term,prospectivestudyinthisregard.Thisstudyaimsathighlightingthepreliminaryresults,oneyearpostsurgeryofafiveyearprospectivestudy.Methods:TheCochlearTMPaediatricImplantedRecipientObservationalStudy（P-IROS）isaprospective,patientoutcomesregistryforroutinelyimplantedchildren.Thestudycollectsdatausingquestionnairespost-surgeryandatregularintervalsuptofiveyears.Results:AtourCentre,159cochlearimplantsurgeryprocedureswerecarriedoutbetweenJanuary2014andDecember2014.CategoryofAuditoryPerformanceIIscoreincreasedfrom‘0’to‘3’atsixmonthsandto‘5’at12monthsforchildrenaged0—3years,althoughthiswasnotstatisticallysignificant.However,thesametrendwasstatisticallysignificantfortheage3—6yearandage6—10yearbrackets.Thequalityoflifeofthechildimprovedsignificantly.Analysisofcommunicationmoderevealedastatisticallysignificantoverallshifttotheauditory-oralmodefromtotalcommunication.Conclusion:Cochlearimplantationisalife-changingintervention.Theevidenceinsupportofwhatitcanachievesafelyisclear.However,thecostsassociatedwithitraisethequestionifitwillremainaneffectiveoptionforlifeinallchildren.TheCochlearP-IROSisanattempttoanswerthesameoverafiveyearperiod.OurstudyinNewDelhi,sofarconcludesthatcochlearimplantationinapopulationwithlimitedaccesstofundsisveryeffective,oneyearaftersurgery.