简介：Iwashonoredtobeaskedtowriteaneditorialon’cytoreductivesurgeryusingperitonectomyandvisceralresectionsforperitonealsurfacemalignancy’(1)writtenbyPaulH.Sugarbaker.Astrategicapproachusingperitonectomyandcytoreductivesurgerytotreatperitonealcancershasgraduallyevolvedoverthepast30years

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简介：Acrucialfeatureofnanoparticles,suchasliposomes,magneticnanoparticles,quantumdots,metallicnanoparticles,silicananoparticles,polymersomesanddendrimersetc.,istheirhigheraccumulationinthetumorthaninnormaltissues1-3.Variousnanoparticleshavebeenintensivelyusedasvehiclestodeliverchemotherapeutic

简介：Epithelialovariancancer(EOC)istheleadingcauseofdeathamongallgynecologicalmalignancies.Despitethetechnologicalandmedicaladvancesoverthepastfourdecades,suchasthedevelopmentofseveralbiologicalmarkers(mRNAandproteinsbiomarkers),themortalityrateofovariancancerremainsachallengebecauseofitslatediagnosis,whichisspecificallyattributedtolowspecificitiesandsensitivities.Underthiscompulsivescenario,recentadvancesinexpressionbiologyhaveshiftedinidentifyinganddevelopingspecificandsensitivebiomarkers,suchasmicroRNAs(miRNAs)forcancerdiagnosisandprognosis.MiRNAsareanovelclassofsmallnon-codingRNAsthatderegulategeneexpressionattheposttranscriptionallevel,eitherbytranslationalrepressionorbymRNAdegradation.Thesemechanismsmaybeinvolvedinacomplexcascadeofcellulareventsassociatedwiththepathophysiologyofmanytypesofcancer.MiRNAsareeasilydetectableintissueandbloodsamplesofcancerpatients.Therefore,miRNAsholdgoodpromiseaspotentialbiomarkersinovariancancer.Inthisreview,weattemptedtoprovideacomprehensiveprofileofkeymiRNAsinvolvedinovariancarcinomatoestablishmiRNAsasmorereliablenon-invasiveclinicalbiomarkersforearlydetectionofovariancancercomparedwithproteinandDNAbiomarkers.

简介：Objective:Langerhanscellhistiocytosis(LCH)hasbeenwelldescribedonlyinchildren.Weanalyzedthecharacteristics,reactivation,andoutcomeofLCHinacohortof55patientsacrossallages.Methods:WereviewedtherecordsofallpatientswithLCHtreatedatasingleinstitutebetweenJan.1974andMay1998.Results:The55patientswere2to67yearsofage(median,31years)atthetimeofdiagnosis,and85.5%weremale.Fortypatients(72.7%)hadsingle-systemLCH;Fifteen(27.3%)hadmultisystemdisease.Theheadandneckwasthemostfrequenttumorsite(63.6%).LCHwasnotfoundinorgansatriskofinvolvement(liver,spleen,bonemarrow,andlungs).Thefrequencyofbonyinvasion(23.6%overall)differedsignificantlyaccordingtoage(15years(66.7%)vs.Age>15years(11.6%)(P=0.0005).Atamedianfollow-upof12years,nopatientdiedofLCH.The5,10-yearsurvivalestimateswere100%.The5,10-yeardisease-freesurvivalestimateswere70.9%and58.4%.The5-yeardisease-freesurvivalestimatewas58.3%forage(15yearsvs.74.4%forage>15years(P=0.83)and75%forsingle-systemdiseasevs.60%formultisystemdisease(P=0.13).LCHwasreactivatedin43.6%ofpatients,withamedianof14months(range,2-180months).Threepatientswithrecurrentdiseaseexperiencedspontaneousremission.Atthetimeofthemostrecentfollow-up,23.6%ofsurvivorshadactivedisease.Conclusion:LCHisnotfoundexclusivelyinchildrenandadolescents.Thefrequencyofboneinvasionisinverselyrelatedtoage.Reactivationisverycommonregardlessofthetypeoftreatment,buttheprognosisisgenerallygood.

简介：Theimplementationofmolecularprofilingtechnologiesinoncologydeepensourknowledgeforthemolecularlandscapesofcancerdiagnoses,identifyingaberrationsthatcouldbelinkedwithspecifictherapeuticvulnerabilities.Inparticular,thereisanincreasinglistofmolecularlytargetedanticanceragentsundergoingclinicaldevelopmentthataimtoblockspecificmolecularaberrations.Thisleadstoaparadigmshift,withanincreasinglistofspecificaberrationsdictatingthetreatmentofpatientswithcancer.Thisparadigmshiftimpactsthefieldofclinicaltrials,sincetheclassicalapproachofhavingclinico-pathologicaldiseasecharacteristicsdictatingthepatients'enrolmentinoncologytrialsshiftstowardstheimplementationofmolecularprofilingasprescreeningstep.Inordertofacilitatethesuccessfulclinicaldevelopmentofthesenewanticancerdrugswithinspecificmolecularnichesofcancerdiagnoses,therehavebeendevelopednew,innovativetrialdesignsthatcouldbeclassifiedasfollows:i)longitudinalcohortstudiesthatimplement(ornot)'nested'downstreamtrials,2)studiesthatassesstheclinicalutilityofmolecularprofiling,3)'master'protocoltrials,iv)'basket'trials,v)trialsfollowinganadaptivedesign.Inthepresentarticle,wereviewtheseinnovativestudydesigns,providingrepresentativeexamplesfromeachcategoryandwediscussthechallengesthatstillneedtobeaddressedinthiseraofnewgenerationoncologytrialsimplementingmolecularprofiling.Emphasisisputonthefieldofbreastcancerclinicaltrials.

简介：OnbehalfoftheAmericanAssociationforCancerResearch(AACR),wehavethegreatpleasuretoinviteyoutoattendtheNewHorizonsinCancerResearchConference:DeliveringCuresThroughCancerScience,whichwillbeheldfromNovember2-5,2016,inShanghai,China.Thisthirdconferenceinthisserieshas,onceagain,beendesignedtohighlightsomeoftheverylatest

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简介：Glioblastoma(GBM)isoneofthedeadliesttumorsandhasamediansurvivalof3monthsifleftuntreated.Despiteadvancesinrationallytargetedpharmacologicalapproaches,theclinicalcareofGBMremainspalliativeinintent.Sincethemajorityofalteredsignalingcascadesinvolvedincancerestablishmentandprogressioneventuallyaffectcellcycleprogression,analternativeapproachforcancertherapyistodevelopinnovativecompoundsthatblocktheactivityofcrucialmoleculesneededbytumorcellstocompletecelldivision.Inthiscontext,wereviewpromisingongoingandfuturestrategiesforGBMtherapeuticsaimedtowardsG2/Minhibitionsuchasanti-microtubuleagentsandtargetedtherapyagainstG2/Mregulatorslikecyclin-dependentkinases,Aurorainhibitors,PLK1,BUB,1,andBUBR1,andsurvivin.Moreover,wealsoincludeinvestigationalagentsinthepreclinicalandearlyclinicalsettings.Althoughseveraldrugswereshowntobegliotoxic,mostofthemhavenotyetenteredtherapeutictrials.TheuseofeithersingleexposureoracombinationwithnovelcompoundsmayleadtotreatmentalternativesforGBMpatientsinthenearfuture.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheeffectoftwoantisenseoligonucleotidesoncellsurviving,bcl-2expressionandapoptosisofleukemiacells.Methods:Theexperimentalassayswereperformedwithcellculture,immunochemistryandflowcytometry.Results:Thetwoantisenseoligodeoxynucleotides,combinedwithVp16orAra-corDNR,wereabletodeclinethesurvivalrateofmyeleukemiccells,downregulatebcl-2geneexpressionandinduceapoptosisofleukemiccellssignificantly,ascomparedwithVp16orAra-corDNRalone.Conclusion:Itispossibleforthetwonewbcl-2antisensestobedevelopedintoclinicaltrialsforleukemiaandtumorwithbcl-2geneoverexpression.

简介：Objective:Thisstudyinvestigatedthecapabilityofdual-energyspectralcomputedtomography(CT)toquantitativelyevaluatelungperfusiondefectsthatareinducedbycentrallungcancer.Methods:Thirty-twopatientswithcentrallungcancerunderwentCTangiographyusingspectralimaging.Aunivariategenerallinearmodelwasconductedtoanalyzethevarianceofiodineconcentration/CTvaluewiththreefactorsoflungfields.Apairedt-testwasusedtocompareiodineconcentrationsandCTvaluesbetweenthedistalendoflungcancerandthecorrespondingareainthecontralateralnormallung.Results:Iodineconcentrationsincreasedprogressivelyinthefar,intermediateandneargroundsidesinthenormallungfieldsat0.60±0.28,0.93±0.27and1.25±0.38mg/mL,respectively(P<0.001).ThesametrendwasobservedfortheCTvalues[–(840.64±49.08),–(812.66±50.85)and–(760.83±89.17)HU,P<0.001].Theiodineconcentration(0.70±0.42mg/mL)ofthelungfieldinthedistalendoflungcancerwassignificantlylowerthanthecorrespondingareainthecontralateralnormallung(1.19±0.62mg/mL)(t=–7.23,P<0.001).However,theCTvalueoflungfieldinthedistalendoflungcancerwassignificantlyhigherthanthecorrespondingareainthecontralateralnormallung[–(765.29±93.34)HUvs.–(800.07±76.18)HU,t=3.564,P=0.001].Conclusions:SpectralCTimagingbasedonthespectraldifferentiationofiodineisfeasibleandcanquantitativelyevaluatepulmonaryperfusionandidentifyperfusiondefectsthatareinducedbycentrallungcancer.SpectralCTseemstobeapromisingtechniqueforthesimultaneousevaluationofbothmorphologicalandfunctionallunginformation.

简介：FromNovember1,2013,TranslationalLungCancerResearch(TLCR)isofficiallyendorsedbytheSpanishLungCancerGroup(Figure1).ThisisameaningfulmilestoneforTLCRasanacknowledgmentofitsexpansionanddedicationtolungcancerresearchandwilltremendouslyadvanceitscontinuedexplorationinthefield.SinceitwaslaunchedinMay2013,TLCRhasbeendedicatedtoprovidingcutting-edgefindingsintherapidly

简介：Objective:Spontaneoushepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)rupturecanbefatal,andhepaticresectioncouldachieveafavorablelong-termsurvivalamongallstrategiesoftumorrupture.However,thereisnoavailableprognosticscoringsystemforpatientswithrupturedHCCwhounderwentpartialhepatectomy.Methods:FromJanuary2005toMay2015,129patientswithspontaneousHCCruptureunderwentpartialhepatectomy.Preoperativeclinicaldatawerecollectedandanalyzed.Independentriskfactorsaffectingoverallsurvival(OS)wereusedtodevelopthenewscoringsystem.Harrell'sCstatistics,Akaikeinformationcriterion(AIC),therelativelikelihood,andtheloglikelihoodratiowerecalculatedtomeasurethehomogeneityanddiscriminatoryabilityofaprognosticsystem.Results:InthemultivariableCoxregressionanalysis,threefactors,includingtumorsize,preoperativeα-fetoproteinlevel,andalkalinephosphataselevel,werechosenforthenewtumor-associatedantigen(TAA)prognosticscoringsystem.The1-yearOSrateswere88.1%,43.2%,and30.2%forTAAscoresof0-5points(low-riskgroup),6-9points(moderate-riskgroup),and10-13points(high-riskgroup),respectively.TheTAAscoringsystemhadsuperiorhomogeneityanddiscriminatoryability(Harrell'sCstatistics,0.693vs.0.627and0.634;AIC,794.79vs.817.23and820.16;relativelikelihood,both<0.001;andloglikelihoodratio,45.21vs.22.77and21.84)thantheBarcelonaClinicLiverCancerstagingsystemandtheCanceroftheLiverItalianPrograminpredictingOS.Similarresultswerefoundwhilepredictingdisease-freesurvival(DFS).Conclusions:ThenewprognosticscoringsystemissimpleandeffectiveinpredictingbothOSandDFSofpatientswithspontaneousrupturedHCC.

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