简介：使用生态的脚印的理论和方法，并且联合地区性的土地利用，资源环境，人口，社会和经济的变化，这篇论文在北Shaanxi在黄土高原上计算了生态的脚印，生态的带能力和生态的剩余/损失in1986-2002省。而且，这篇论文提出了生态的压力索引的概念，建立分级系统，和不同生态的脚印，生态的带能力，生态的剩余和生态的安全变化的预言模型的生态的压力索引模型，和生态的安全，并且也估计了10,000元GDP的生态的脚印要求。这研究的结果如下：(1)在北Shaanxi的生态的带能力显示出一个减少的趋势，减少范围的差别最快；(2)生态的脚印出现一个增加的趋势；(3)生态的压力索引随47%的增加在northernShaanxi的黄土高原上在1986-2002期间从0.44升起了到0.91；并且(4)在学习区域的生态的安全处于一个批评状态，并且生态的压力索引很快一直在增加。

简介：农业上的基因操作重要昆虫现在为更高度有效的生物学上基于的人口控制程序允许基因sexing和男绝育系统的开发，最尤其是无菌的昆虫技术(坐)，为植物和动物昆虫害虫。四圜素能压制住(Tet离开)有条件的致命的系统可以一起工作以便转基因的种类将是在包含四圜素的节食可行、肥沃，却女性致命、男性处于没有四圜素的条件无菌。这将为无菌的男性唯一的生产在一个统一系统允许他们的很有效的使用为坐。然而，为如此的转基因的昆虫紧张的地版本的批评考虑是频率和致命性revertant幸存的基因基础的一颗决心。这将提供对评估致命性系统的基因稳定性必要的知识，它的环境安全，并且为保证最佳的功效的修正提供基础。为Tet离开致命的幸存决心，大规模屏蔽协议的开发应该也允许测试这些修正，并且测试另外的有条件的致命的系统的能力充分压制繁殖稀罕Tet离开幸存者。如果主导的温度敏感(DTS)蛹的致命性系统在果蝇为第二等的致命性证明有效，它可以提供需要支持sexing/sterility紧张的版本的保护措施，并且潜在地，版本不分男女致命性作为基因男绝育的一张表格拉紧。假如DTSProsβ21变化应该为冗余的致命性证明有效，它结构、功能的保存的高水平应该允许主人特定的cognates为大量昆虫种类被创造。

简介：Basedonsystematicalresearchontheconceptionevolutionofecologicalenterprise,theoreticalandpracticaldevelopmentofconstructingecologicalenterprise,thepapermakesconclusionthatecologicalenterprisesaredevelopingintoanewstageinwhichgovernmentsarelaunchingsomepilotprojectsaboutconstructingecologicalenterprises.Andafterthat,governmentsshouldmakepoliciestospreadconstructionofecologicalenterprises,toconstructecologicalenterprisesinlegalsystemandconformingtothestandardassoonaspossibly.5othat,thebasicunitsofecologicaleconomythatfittotheconditionsofChinawillbesetup.

简介：Thesmallhydropower(SHP)willbelesscompetitiveintheabsenceofenvironmentalvalue.Thelackofinformationhasbecomeanimportantobstaclechallengingdecision-makersinresource-usechoices.Thispaperisanapplicationofcontingentvaluationmethod(CVM)inruralChinatoestimatethewillingness-to-pay(WTP)forenvironmentalservicesprovidedbyexitinghydropowerstation.Usingthesingle-boundedanddichotomouschoiceCVM,theecologicalvalueofTongjiqiaoReservoir(TJQR)isestimated,andtheannualmeanWTPsofsingle-boundedanddouble-boundedCVMestimationare141.05and219.52Yuan(RMB)/a,respectively.The95%confidenceintervalofannualWTPonanaverageis118.47,166.79Yuan(RMB)/aand204.41,236.22(YuanRMB)/a,respectively.Incontrast,double-boundedmodelcouldobtainmuchmoreinformationofWTPoftheinvestigated,thusreducingtheconfidenceintervalofestimation,andenhancingtheestimationaccuracyoftheWTP.AccordingtotheestimatedmeanWTPofthedouble-boundedCVM,thetotalecosystemservicevalueoftheTJQRis15.54millionYuan(RMB).Comparedwiththeconventionalelectricityoffossilpowerandlargehydropower,theSHPwillbelesscompetitiveintheabsenceofnon-marketvalue,ignoringthattheenvironmentalimpactsofexistingSHPwillunderminethehealthydevelopmentofcleanenergysector.

简介：A21－dincubationexperimentwasconductedundercontrolledlaboratoryconditionstostudytheeffectsofelevatedtemperatures(10,25,and40℃)onsomemicrobiologicalandbiochemicalpropertiesinfloodedpaddysoilamendedorunamendedwithureaat100μgNg^-1soiland/orinsecticide(triazophos)atfieldrate(FR).Enhancementsintemperatureledtoincreasetheelectrontransportsystem(ETS)/dehydrogenaseactivityandphospholipidcontentsofthesoil,whilesoilorganicmatterphenolandproteincontentsdecreasedwithincreasingtenperaturewithorwihtouttheadditionofinputs.Anincereaseoftemperaturefrom10℃to25or40℃enhancedtheETSactivity2folds(onavergaeforallsoils),whiletheinclusionofNandinsecticideincreasedanddecreasedit,respectively,comparedtothecontrol.Thesoilphenolandproteincontentswerehighlycorrelatedwithtemperatures(forallsoils,r=-0.936and-0.971,respectively)andtheadditionsofNandinsecticideproducedslightreductionsandenhancemetnsinthem,respectively,Ataparticulartempeature,thesoilproteincontentsremainedunaffectedamongallthesoiltreatments.AnoverallslightincreaseinphospholipidcontentswithNandasmalldeclinewithinsecticideadditionwerenoticedagainsttheuntreatedsoil.thetoxcityoffertilizerandinsecticidedecrasedastheincubationtemperatureincreasedsuggestingfasterdegradationofagrochemicalswithraisingtemperature.

简介：控制desertification是为中国的Qinghai西藏高原的一个重要生态的目标，在沙的土壤改进上的植被恢复措施的影响上的研究仍然正在缺乏的地方。在Guinan县的Mugetan沙漠，Qinghai省，东北Qinghai西藏高原是一个代表性的生态的恢复区域。生态的恢复和它的性质上的人工的植被的影响被使用包括表面层的内容和植被作文测试的领域调查和样品学习活动，修理半，并且固定的沙沙丘。结果证明苔藓外壳在变得在人工的植被的影响下面在30年以后修理了的一个沙沙丘的表面上形成了(即中国白杨)。同时，泥土矿物质，有机物，和其它玷污可得到的营养素显著地增加了。关联在这些材料之间被发现了，即，与淤泥和泥土增加的泥土矿物质和有机物内容在沙内容与减小增加。另外，土壤营养素断然随植物diversity.Under的增加被相关当前的气象学的条件，人工的植被在Mugetan沙漠对沙沙丘和生态的恢复的稳定有用。

简介：QingtianCountyofZhejiangProvince,Chinahasmaintainedthetraditionalrice-fishagricultureforabout2,000yearsandformedexceptionalculturalheritagebasedonthiskindofproductionmode,soitwasselectedbyFAOasapilotsitefortherice-fishagriculturalheritagesystemsin2005.ThisresearchhasappliedtheindicatorsofecologicalfootprintandbiocapacitytomonitortheenvironmentalconditionsofQingtianCounty,aimingtofindtheimpactthatthetraditionalagriculturalproductionmodeandthelocalinhabitantslifestylehaveplacedonthelocalenvironmentalconditionsaswellastheroletheyhaveplayedinmaintainingecologicalbalance,culturalinheritanceandregionalsustainabledevelopment.ResultsshowthatQingtianCountyischaracterizedbyanearlybreakeventotalecologicalbalance,asopposedtoZhejiangProvince,theworldandotheragriculturalregions.However,comparedwithanotherrice-fishagriculturalregion,CongjiangCountywhichenjoysaconsiderableecologicalreserve,QingtianCountyhasconsumedagreateramountofenvironmentalresources.Specifically,abouthalfoftheecologicalfootprintofQingtianCountycanbeattributedtothecropland(50.8%)whiletheCO2areaonlyaccountsfor11.2%,whichisdramaticallydifferentfromthatofthemodernindustrializedregions.AndavastofpercentageofenergyiscausedbythecombustionoffuelwoodwhichnotonlyrequiresthelandtoabsorbtheCO2emissionithasgeneratedbutalsooccupiestheforestwhereithasbeenchopped.

简介：Onthebasisofthedataofbiologicalandnonbiologicalfactorscollectedrespectivelyfrom1989to1990andfrom1995to1996inthewatersnearbytheQinshanNuclearPowerStation,theecologicalenvironmentandwaterqualityofthewatersareanalyzedandassessedinthepaper.Theresultsshow:(a)thesurveyedareahasthetypicalecologicalcharacteristicsofhightidalrangeestuary,richnutrientsandlowbiologicalproductivity,(b)tide,runoffandoffshoreseawaterintrusionarethekeyfactorswhichresultinseasonalandannualchangesofvariousbiologicalandnon-biologicalfactors,(c)theriskingofseawatereutrophicationindexisresultedfromenormousamountofthedischargesofindustrialanddomesticsewage,(d)becausethesurveyareaislocatedinahightidal-rangeestuary,thermaleffluentfromcoolingsystemdoesnotinducesignificanttemperaturechanges,(e)thefirststageprojectofQinshannuclearpowerstationhasnonotableimpactsontheecologicalenvironmentinthe

简介：Apopulationofricebrownplanthopper(BPH)NilaparvatalugenscollectedfromapaddyfieldinHangzhouwassuccessivelyrearedonsusceptiblericeTaichungNative1(TN1)inalaboratoryfreefrominsecticidesformorethan14generations.Thechangesinsusceptibilitytoinsecticidesandecologicalfitnessondifferentresistantricevarietiesweremonitoredineachgeneration.Theresistanceratiotoimidaclopridsharplydeclinedwiththesuccessionofrearinggenerationswithoutinsecticidesfrom359.94-foldatF1to6.50-foldatF14comparedwiththesusceptiblestrain,andtheresistanceratiotochlorpyrifoswasfrom9.90-foldatF1to5.94-foldatF14.Nymphaldurationandweightsofnewlyhatchedfemaleadultsweresignificantlyaffectedbyricevariety,generationandtheirinteractions,butnymphalsurvivalwassignificantlyaffectedbythegenerationonly.Theratioofbrachypterousadultsinmaleswasaffectedbythegenerationandgeneration×varietyinteraction,whereasnodifferencewasfoundinfemales.Nymphaldurationextendedwithincreasinggenerations,andthefemalenymphaldurationwasshorterinthesusceptiblevarietyTN1thanthoseintheresistantvarietiesIR26andIR36.Inaddition,thefemaleadultweightinTN1washigherthanthoseinIR26andIR36.TheseresultsindicatedthattheresistanceoffieldBPHpopulationtoinsecticideswasreversedafterseveralgenerationsofno-exposuretoinsecticides,andtheecologicalfitnessinTN1washigherthanthoseinIR26andIR36.ThesefindingssuggestedtherationalandreduceduseofinsecticidesincombinationwiththemanipulationofresistantricevarietieswouldbeeffectiveforBPHmanagement.

简介：Soil,cropandresidents'hairoverXiaoqinlinggoldminingregion,China,whichwasselectedasacasestudy,weresampledandanalyzedforHg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Cr,AsandZnconcentrations.Theconcentrationsofheavymetalsinsoilorcropandhairsampleswereusedtoassesstheirpotentialecologicalrisks,ortofindtheresponsestothesemetalsasevidencestoprovethepotentialriskwascomingdowntoobservedharm,respectively.Theresultsshowedthat,thesemetalsinsoilwererankedbyseverityofecologicalriskasHg>Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr>As>Zn,basedontheirsingle-elementindexes.Intheviewofthepotentialecologicalriskindexes,ofallsoilsamples,abouthalfhadsignificantlyhighorhighpotentialecologicalrisk,whichcoveredmorethan74%ofthestudiedregion.Mostoftheriskswere97.41%fromHg,PbandCd,especially,84.37%fromHg.Boththesingle-elementandpotentialecologicalriskindexesindicatedthat,theecologicalriskgradeshadaspecialspatialcharacteristic,andincreasedfromnorthwesttosoutheastgenerally.Thiswasagreedwiththespatialdistributionofthestrengthingoldminingactivitiesoverthestudiedregion.TheconcentrationsofHgandPbwerehigherthantheirrelativebackgroundsinthecorps,andwereeven9.48and25.09timeshigherthantheirrelativebackgroundsinresidents'hair,respectively.Alltheseshowedthattheheavymetalsinthesoilhadahighpotentialecologicalrisk,especially,hadbeenaffectingthesecrops'growingandyield,andeventheresidents'healththroughfoodstrains.Obviously,thesemetals'potentialecologicalharmhadbeencomingdowntoobservedharmtotheecology.

简介：WiththeacceleratingdevelopmentofChineseurbanizationandthewideninggapbetweenruralandurbanareas,urban-ruraloverallplanningistobeaninevitablechoiceforeconomicandsocialdevelopment.However,thespecificpatternsandmethodsinurban-ruraloverallplanningaregreatlydifferent.Fromthepersperctiveofecologicaleconomy,takingthemainphysicalandbiologicalpatternofthefarmlandasresearchobjects,thispaperanalyzesthecomponentsandcharacteristicsoffarmlandscape,therelationshipbetweenfarmlandscapeexploitationandruraltourism,andtheroleoffarmlandscapeexploitationinplanningurbanandruraldevelopment.Itexpatiatesonthepattern,methodandprincipleoffarmlandscapedevelopment.Furthermore,basedontheactualdevelopmentcase,thispaperexploreshowtomakehigh-gradetourismproductswithscientificandreasonablefarmlandscapedevelopmentmethod,howtoincreasepeasantincome,howtoimproveurbanandruralecologicaleconomicenvironment,soastopromoteurban-ruraloverallplanning.

简介：Thisstudydeterminesthepollution,fractionation,andecologicalrisksofsediment-boundheavymetalsfromcoastalecosystemsofftheEquatorialAtlanticOcean.ContaminationFactor(CF),pollutionloadindex(PLI),andgeoaccumulationindex(Igeo)wereusedtoassesstheextentoftheheavymetalpollution,whilethepotentialecologicalriskwasevaluatedusingtherisksassessmentcode(RAC)andH?kansonpotentialecologicalrisk.Theanalysisrevealedconcentrations(mg/g,dw)ofthecadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu),nickel(Ni),andlead(Pb)insedimentsforwetanddryseasonsvaryfrom4.40-5.08,14.80-21.09,35.03-44.8,2.14-2.28,and172.24-196.39,respectively.Theresultsalsoshowedthatthemetalfractionationpercentagesintheresidual,oxidizable,andreduciblefractionsarethemostsignificant,whiletheexchangeableandcarbonateboundtracemetalsarerelativelylow.TheRACvaluesindicatenoriskforCdandNiandlowriskforothermetalsatallthestudiedsitesduringbothseasons.PotentialecologicalriskanalysisoftheheavymetalconcentrationsindicatesthatCdhadhighindividualpotentialecologicalrisk,whiletheothermetalshavelowriskatallinvestigatedsites.Themulti-elementalpotentialecologicalriskindices(R1)indicatehighecologicalriskinalltheecosystems.

简介：摘要：乡村振兴是党的十九大提出的重大战略部署。生态宜居是乡村振兴的内在要求。村庄生态规划是我国推进乡村振兴战略、建设美丽村庄的重要内容，因此规划师要在新时代国土空间规划体系下坚定不移的推进村庄生态规划建设。本文以实际村庄规划项目为例，探讨生态规划在村庄规划中的应用过程。

简介：摘 要：“生态改造”可以定义为由人及涵盖了人的所有属性和关系所组成的人类社会，在遵从自然和社会客观规律的前提下，与自然界在生存与发展的基本走向和趋势上改变成一个结构完整、功能完善的环境。本文将阐述绿色水电荷坛堰坝为西溪河流带来的生态改造。

简介：摘要：蓝藻水华是水体藻类开始大量生长繁殖聚集到一定浓度的现象，会造成水质恶化产生恶臭，使水体丧失饮用、养殖、景观功能，直接危害居民的生活和生产。为了给武汉市某湖水生态修复提供经验，针对施工区域的环境特征，在水生态修复区域安装喷泉式曝气机，探索喷泉式曝气机在武汉某湖蓝藻水华处理中的应用效果，结果表明喷泉式曝气机扰动及曝气能够降低水体中有机物含量，加快[1]沉淀，抑制蓝藻水华，改善水环境。