简介：Despiteitstinyterritory,Macauboastsalargevolumeoftouristactivities,whichservesasthepillarofitseconomy.Environmentandnaturalresourcesarethecornerstoneoftourism,butarealsosubjecttothenegativeimpactoftourism.Basedonthetheoryandmethodologyofecologicalfootprintanalysis,thispapercalculatedthetouristicecologicalfootprintanddeficitofMacauin2009,inanefforttobringtolightthecurrentstatusofexcessiveconsumptionofresourcesbytourism.Asthefindingsshow,thenon-transferabletouristicecologicalfootprintandtouristicecologicaldeficitofMacauin2009arerespectively18300.891ghaand12737.584gha,andtheformeris3.29timesaslargeasthetouristicecologicalcarryingcapacity.TouristicecologicalfootprintofMacauishighlyefficientineconomicsensebutcurrentlytourismisdevelopinginanunsustainablemanner,soappropriateinitiativesareinneedtostrikeabalancebetweentourismdevelopmentandresourceconservationandtopromotethesustainabilityoftourismindustryofMacau.

简介：Thepaperanalyzedtheoreticallytherelationbetweencultureandinstitution,theeffectofcultureontheformationofinstitutionandtheeffectsofinstitutiononculturepractice.Italsoexpoundedtheroleofecologicalcultureinancientecologicalmanagement,modernstrategicdecisionandinternationalecologicalpolitics.Basedonthesustainabledevelopmentofthefutureeconomyandsociety,thebasicdirectiontowardsecologicalinstitutioninnovationwasproposedintermsofdevelopmentstrategy,legalsystem,marketmechanism,administrativecapacity,publicparticipationandinternationalpolitics.

简介：Currentaccountingstandardsandsystemsdonotincludetheaccountingofforestecologicalassets.Withtheincreasingattentionthatpeoplepaytoforestecologicalissuesandtheneedsforaccountinginformationdisclosure,itsvalueaccountinghasbecomeaforefrontissueandhottopicintheaccountingprofession.Theprofoundissuesaboutitsparticularities,accountingrecognitionandmeasurementsaretobesolved.Basedontheanalysisofthefeaturesofforestecologicalassetsanditsimpactsonaccountingrecognitionandmeasurement,thispaperproposesthataccountingrecognitionshouldbebasedontheappraisalandafairvaluemodelissuggestedforinitialandfurthermeasurementofforestecologicalassets.Forthefairvaluemeasurement,theappraisaltechniquesofnon-marketvaluesshouldbegivenmoreconsideration.Anditsvalueappraisalmethodsshouldrefertotheexistingmatureecologicaleconomicorenvironmentaleconomicappraisalmethods.

简介：Basedonmeteorological,hydrological,forest,andgrasslanddatacollectedbylocationobservation,remotesensing,fieldsurveysandrelevantliteratureduring1956to2009,theecologicalenvironmentchangeinnorthernslopeoftheQilianshanMountainswasanalyzedsyntheticallyusingregressionandcorrelationanalyses.Theresultsshowedthatthetemperaturehadanannualvariationrateof0.0334℃·a-1innorthernslopeoftheQilianshanMountainssince1960,andexhibitedaraisingtrend,especiallysince1987.Theannualvariationrateofannualprecipitationwas0.5702mm·a-1,indicatingthattheprecipitationtendedtoincrease.Theclimatehadchangedfromaridtohumidinthisregionsince1976.From1956to2006,theglacierareaofsixinlandriverbasin（Shiyangheriver,Heiheriver,Beidaheriver,Shuleheriver,DangheriverandHalternheriver）andDatongheriverbasininnorthernslopeofQilianshanmountainsdecreasedby17.7%.Thicknessoftheglacierreducedabout5-20m,andthesnowlineroseabout100-140m.TheGlaciericereservesininlandriverbasinofHexidecreasedby11.4%.From1972to2007,27glaciersintheeasternsectionoftheQilianshanMountainsdisappeared.From1956to2009,therunoffchangeinthenorthernslopeoftheQilianshanMountainswasdifferentindifferentregions.TherunoffwasreducedsignificantlyinShiyangheriverbasin,increasedslightlyinHeiheriverbasin,andincreasedobviouslyinShuleheriverbasin.From1958to1988,theareaofdeforestationandfarmingwasmorethan10.0millionha,andtheforestareawasreduced0.6millionha.SincetheQilianshanMountainNatureReservewasestablishedin1989,theforestwasrestoringgraduallybecauseofcontinualprotectionandcultivating,andtheforestareawasincreased9.4millionhafrom1989to2008.Duetohumaninterference,especiallyover-grazingimpact,thequalityofthewood-land,shrub-landandgrass-landinnorthernslopeoftheQilianshanMountainswereinadegradedcondition,whichre

简介：学习试图在3-year-forestage比较沼泽地的macrofauna社区的差别，5-year-forest-ageSonneratiaapetala人工的红树属植物，5-year-forest-ageKandeliacandel有一样的恢复背景的人工的红树属植物，和在珠海的Qiao岛红树属植物自然保护区的裸体潮汐的公寓，广东省。结果证明在在四种产地之中的macrofauna社区有重要结构的差别。生物资源和在3-year-forest-ageS的macrofauna的种类差异的增加。apetala人工的红树属植物在5-year-forest-ageK显然是比那快的。candel树高度其一般水准接近了3-year-forest-ageS的人工的红树属植物。apetala人工的红树属植物。BIOENV分析证明它与S的快速的生长有关。apetala，它很快在森林里改变了轻水平和shading条件。5-year-forest-ageS。人工的红树属植物有的apetala降低macrofauna种类差异但是更高的密度和生物资源比K。有一样的森林的人工的红树属植物变老的candel。这由于由S的生态的恢复的产地土壤的物理、化学的性质的快速的变化。人工的红树属植物以及改变的食物来源可能由如此的非土生土长的红树属植物种类S的叶崽引起了的apetala。apetala。然而，进一步的调查应该在是否有S的大规模耕作的任何否定生态的影响上被进行。macrofauna社区上的apetala，以便正确地评估S。在沿海的红树属植物生态系统的恢复的apetalas角色。

简介：TheproblemofwaterresourceshasbecomeabottleneckforthesustainabledevelopmentofBeijingandHebeiProvince(thetworegionstogetherarecalled"JingjiRegion"forshort).Itisimperativetoestablishaneffectiveandequitablewaterresourcesecologicalcompensation(eco-compensation)mechanism.Thethreestagesofwaterresourceseco-compensationareexpatiatedherenamelytheeco-compensationmissingstage,ecocompensationstartstageandtheeco-compensationdevelopmentstage.Throughtheestablishmentofeco-compensationgamemodelbasedonthegametheory,thereasonsoftheformationforthethreestageswereanalyzed,aswellastheconversionconditionsfromnon-cooperativegametocooperativegameamongtherelatedstakeholdersincludingthecentralgovernment,thewaterrecipientgovernmentandthewatersourcegovernment.Furthermore,thisstudypointedoutthatthewaterresourceseco-compensationinJingjiRegionwasnotestablishedbasedontheinstitution,butformedanddevelopedincopingwiththechallengesofwatercrisis.However,institutionconstructionisquiteessentialingameprocessforthewaterrecipientgovernmentandthewatersourcegovernment.Finallyrecommendationsinfourareasincludinglegalizationofeco-compensationmechanism,settingupcompensationstandards,leadingindustrialupgradinganddevelopingrelatedincentivesandconstraintswereconcluded.

简介：

简介：Aconitumbalfourii(Bruhl)Muk。(Ranunculaceae)是危及的药用的植物。自然人口为人口评价和精英germplasm的评估在西北Himalaya被调查。空铅的植被采样在支持A的区域用垂直的带横断方法被进行。balfourii。种密度和A的相对优势。balfourii与另外的高山的种类相比是低的。威胁地位在一个site-by-site基础上以及为全部西方的Himalaya被决定。A。balfourii是根据地理分发危及了并且极其根据丰富危及了通常被分类。我们发现天赋A的地理分发。balfourii将由于产地破坏正在减少。立即的校正管理措施为持续利用和种类的长期的保存被需要在野。

简介：Thesmallhydropower(SHP)willbelesscompetitiveintheabsenceofenvironmentalvalue.Thelackofinformationhasbecomeanimportantobstaclechallengingdecision-makersinresource-usechoices.Thispaperisanapplicationofcontingentvaluationmethod(CVM)inruralChinatoestimatethewillingness-to-pay(WTP)forenvironmentalservicesprovidedbyexitinghydropowerstation.Usingthesingle-boundedanddichotomouschoiceCVM,theecologicalvalueofTongjiqiaoReservoir(TJQR)isestimated,andtheannualmeanWTPsofsingle-boundedanddouble-boundedCVMestimationare141.05and219.52Yuan(RMB)/a,respectively.The95%confidenceintervalofannualWTPonanaverageis118.47,166.79Yuan(RMB)/aand204.41,236.22(YuanRMB)/a,respectively.Incontrast,double-boundedmodelcouldobtainmuchmoreinformationofWTPoftheinvestigated,thusreducingtheconfidenceintervalofestimation,andenhancingtheestimationaccuracyoftheWTP.AccordingtotheestimatedmeanWTPofthedouble-boundedCVM,thetotalecosystemservicevalueoftheTJQRis15.54millionYuan(RMB).Comparedwiththeconventionalelectricityoffossilpowerandlargehydropower,theSHPwillbelesscompetitiveintheabsenceofnon-marketvalue,ignoringthattheenvironmentalimpactsofexistingSHPwillunderminethehealthydevelopmentofcleanenergysector.