简介：Weidentifytwointerrelatedbutindependentspeciesofmicrocrackswithdifferentoriginsanddifferentdistributions.Onespeciesistheclassichigh-stressmicrocracksidentifiedinlaboratorystress-cellsassociatedwithacousticemissionsasmicrocracksopenwithincreasingstress.Theotherspeciesisthelow-stressdistributionsofclosely-spacedstress-alignedfluid-saturatedmicrocracksthatobservationsofshear-wavesplitting（SWS）demonstratepervadealmostallinsiturocksintheuppercrust,thelowercrust,andtheuppermost400kmofthemantle.Onsomeoccasionsthesetwosetsofmicrocracksmaybeinterrelatedandsimilar（hence＇species＇）buttheytypicallyhavefundamentally-differentproperties,differentdistributions,anddifferentimplications.TheimportanceforhydrocarbonexplorationandrecoveryisthatSWSinhydrocarbonreservoirsmonitorscrackalignmentsandpreferreddirectionsoffluid-flow.TheimportanceforearthquakeseismologyisthatSWSabovesmallearthquakesmonitorstheeffectsofincreasingstressonthepervasivelow-stressmicrocrackdistributionssothatstress-accumulationbefore,possiblydistant,earthquakescanberecognisedandimpendin~earthquakesstress-forecast.

简介：Aciladivaricata(Hinds,1843)andA.mirabilis(AdamsandReeve,1850)arecommonbenthicbivalvesinChina.Anumberofresearchershaveproposedthatthelatterspeciesisajuniorsynonymoftheformerspecies.Becauseofmorphologicalsimilarities,itisdifficulttodistinguishthesetwospeciesbasedonvisualexaminationonly.Forbetterunderstandingoftheirtaxonomy,themitochondrialCOIgenefragmentsoffiveindividualsofA.divaricatafromtheEastChinaSeaandsixindividualsofA.mirabilisfromtheYellowSeaweresequencedinthisstudy.ThephylogeneticrelationshipsoftheobtainedCOIsequences,togetherwithnineteensequencesofthreespeciesofthegenusNucula,wereanalyzed.Thepairwiseintra-andinter-specificdistancesfortheCOIsequencesrangedfrom0.002to0.017andfrom0.128to0.134,respectively,andnooverlapwasfound.Phylogenetically,A.divaricataandA.mirabilisformdistinctcladesandclusterintoasistertoallotherNuculaspecies.TheresultsindicatedthatA.divaricataandA.mirabilisaretwodistinctspecies.Thedifferencesinthemorphologyanddistributionbetweenthetwospecieswerebrieflydiscussed.

简介：马尾藻类海草的种类全球被散布，并且具有在海洋的生态系统和bioresources的大生态、经济的重要性。在这研究，六马尾藻类海草种的transcriptomesequencings用一个Illumina平台第一次被执行。为每件样品，核苷酸的2.12.5Gb的一个总数进69871116790脚手架镇定、装配，与410550bp的平均长度和7561462bp的N50长度。每件样品的2051228684unigenes的一个总数从nr数据库与已知的基因序列被注解并且比较很好。Orthologous组(轮牙)的簇，基因本体论(去)并且分析也是的基因和染色体(KEGG)的京都百科全书为基因功能和规定小径的进一步的理解表现了。基因表示层次基于RPKM价值是计算的并且在这些之中比较了种类，特别为与糖类新陈代谢有关的那些基因。聚类显示的分析在S之间的全球基因表示的差别。fusiforme，它以前作为Hizikiafusiformis被提名，和另外的五种不是重要的。108orthologous基因的进一步种系发生的分析证实了那S。fusiforme与S有更靠近的关系。hemiphyllum而非S。horneri。这些transcriptome数据在未来研究为染色体的更好的理解和马尾藻类海草水藻和受益比较级和Phaeophyceae种类的种系发生的研究的基因特征提供了珍贵信息。

简介：BasedontrawlsurveysintheBeringSeaandChukchiSeaduringthe2010ChineseNationalArcticResearchExpedition,fishbiodiversitycharacteristics,suchasfishcomposition,dominantspecies,biodiversity,andfaunalcharacteristicswereconducted.WealsodiscussedtheresponsesoffishestothequickchangesinArcticclimate.Theresultsshowedthatatotalof41speciesin14familieswererecordedinthesewaters.ThedominantspecieswereHippoglossoidesrobustus,Boreogadussaida,Myoxocephalusscorpius,Lumpenusfabricii,andArtediellusscaber.Therewere35coldwaterspecies,accountingfor85.37%,andsixcoldtemperatespecies,occupying14.63%.Thehabitattypesoffishcouldbegroupedasfollows:35speciesofdemersalfishes,fivebenthopelagicfishes,andonepelagicfish.TheShannon–Wienerdiversityindex(H)(rangebetween0and2.18,1.21onaverage)wasnothigh,anddescendedfromsouthtonorth.ClimatechangehascausedsomefishestoshiftalongtheirlatitudinalandlongitudinaldistributionaroundtheArcticandSubarcticareas,andthiscouldleadtothedeclineofArcticfisheryresources.

简介：大多数phaeophytes(棕色的水藻)和rhodophytes(红水藻)专门在海洋的产地居住并且在海洋的生态学和生物多样性起重要作用。许多这些棕色、红的水藻也是为象由于他们的唯一的新陈代谢和代谢物的食物，药和材料那样的工业的重要资源。然而，因为差的分子的底，包围他们的起源，早多样化，分类，和特殊新陈代谢的许多基本问题在棕色、红的海藻的学习仍然保持未解决。作为1000植物工程的部分，从瓷器海岸的19Phaeophyceae种类和21Rhodophyta种类的海洋的macroalgaltranscriptomes被定序，盖住2数，3个班，11份订单，和19个家庭的一个总数。2Gb的一般水准每样品和一个总数，RNA-seq未加工的数据的87.3Gb被产生。为每件棕色的海藻的样品的约15000～25000unigenes和为每件红海藻的样品的5000～10000unigenes被注解并且分析。注解结果在在红水藻和棕色的水藻之间的基因表示和染色体特征显示出明显的差别；这些差别能甚至在多细胞、单细胞的红水藻之间被看见。结果阐明关于在phaeophytes和rhodophytes以内的种系发生的分类的一些基本问题，并且也揭示许多新奇新陈代谢的小径。这些小径包括海藻的CO2固定和特别糖类在棕色、红的水藻的新陈代谢，和相关基因/基因家庭特征和进化。这些调查结果在已知的海藻的基因信息上造并且显著地改进我们这些海洋的水藻的海藻的生物学，生物多样性，进化，和潜在的利用的理解。