简介：Weidentifytwointerrelatedbutindependentspeciesofmicrocrackswithdifferentoriginsanddifferentdistributions.Onespeciesistheclassichigh-stressmicrocracksidentifiedinlaboratorystress-cellsassociatedwithacousticemissionsasmicrocracksopenwithincreasingstress.Theotherspeciesisthelow-stressdistributionsofclosely-spacedstress-alignedfluid-saturatedmicrocracksthatobservationsofshear-wavesplitting（SWS）demonstratepervadealmostallinsiturocksintheuppercrust,thelowercrust,andtheuppermost400kmofthemantle.Onsomeoccasionsthesetwosetsofmicrocracksmaybeinterrelatedandsimilar（hence＇species＇）buttheytypicallyhavefundamentally-differentproperties,differentdistributions,anddifferentimplications.TheimportanceforhydrocarbonexplorationandrecoveryisthatSWSinhydrocarbonreservoirsmonitorscrackalignmentsandpreferreddirectionsoffluid-flow.TheimportanceforearthquakeseismologyisthatSWSabovesmallearthquakesmonitorstheeffectsofincreasingstressonthepervasivelow-stressmicrocrackdistributionssothatstress-accumulationbefore,possiblydistant,earthquakescanberecognisedandimpendin~earthquakesstress-forecast.

简介：在在东方的种类和土壤因素之间的植物种类和关系的分发Gurbantunggut沙漠的中央部分被学习提供更多的卓见进植物群并且越过沙漠的各种各样的部分在植被决定差别。双向簇分析证明在区域的植被能被划分成三个组，第一个组被灌木种类，Ephedraprzewalskii和草种类统治，主要在扁平的根据和轻轻的斜坡的区域的Carexphysodes；第二个组被C统治。physodes，Artemisiasongorica和A。主要沙沙丘和第三个组的斜坡上的xerophytica被灌木种类统治，主要沙沙丘的顶上的Haloxylonpersicum。在植物密度在之间没有差别组织1和2，但是在组3有重要减少。不到植被组3的土壤水比在其它，二个组根本玷污深度的低得多。EC，有机物，全部的P和可溶的Na，Ca和Mg与土壤水很同样变化了。正规通讯分析(CCA)令人满意地在区域估计了种类土壤关系。植物种类的分发强烈与水内容，有机物，EC和营养素的土壤因素被相关。在三把CCA斧子解释的种类出现的变化是大约70%，显示一些解释地点变量可以在我们的学习参数外面存在。土壤质地被建议在未来研究被包括改进CCA的解释。

简介：

简介：Aciladivaricata(Hinds,1843)andA.mirabilis(AdamsandReeve,1850)arecommonbenthicbivalvesinChina.Anumberofresearchershaveproposedthatthelatterspeciesisajuniorsynonymoftheformerspecies.Becauseofmorphologicalsimilarities,itisdifficulttodistinguishthesetwospeciesbasedonvisualexaminationonly.Forbetterunderstandingoftheirtaxonomy,themitochondrialCOIgenefragmentsoffiveindividualsofA.divaricatafromtheEastChinaSeaandsixindividualsofA.mirabilisfromtheYellowSeaweresequencedinthisstudy.ThephylogeneticrelationshipsoftheobtainedCOIsequences,togetherwithnineteensequencesofthreespeciesofthegenusNucula,wereanalyzed.Thepairwiseintra-andinter-specificdistancesfortheCOIsequencesrangedfrom0.002to0.017andfrom0.128to0.134,respectively,andnooverlapwasfound.Phylogenetically,A.divaricataandA.mirabilisformdistinctcladesandclusterintoasistertoallotherNuculaspecies.TheresultsindicatedthatA.divaricataandA.mirabilisaretwodistinctspecies.Thedifferencesinthemorphologyanddistributionbetweenthetwospecieswerebrieflydiscussed.

简介：OnthebasisofaninvestigationonthemangrovesinFujianfromNovember1998toJanuary1999,thespeciescomposition,area,distribution,artificialafforestationofmangrovesandthefactorsrestrictingthedevelopmentofmangrovesinFujianarediscussedinthepaper.SomesuggestionsonhowtodevelopmangrovesinFujianhavebeenputforward.

简介：马尾藻类海草的种类全球被散布，并且具有在海洋的生态系统和bioresources的大生态、经济的重要性。在这研究，六马尾藻类海草种的transcriptomesequencings用一个Illumina平台第一次被执行。为每件样品，核苷酸的2.12.5Gb的一个总数进69871116790脚手架镇定、装配，与410550bp的平均长度和7561462bp的N50长度。每件样品的2051228684unigenes的一个总数从nr数据库与已知的基因序列被注解并且比较很好。Orthologous组(轮牙)的簇，基因本体论(去)并且分析也是的基因和染色体(KEGG)的京都百科全书为基因功能和规定小径的进一步的理解表现了。基因表示层次基于RPKM价值是计算的并且在这些之中比较了种类，特别为与糖类新陈代谢有关的那些基因。聚类显示的分析在S之间的全球基因表示的差别。fusiforme，它以前作为Hizikiafusiformis被提名，和另外的五种不是重要的。108orthologous基因的进一步种系发生的分析证实了那S。fusiforme与S有更靠近的关系。hemiphyllum而非S。horneri。这些transcriptome数据在未来研究为染色体的更好的理解和马尾藻类海草水藻和受益比较级和Phaeophyceae种类的种系发生的研究的基因特征提供了珍贵信息。

简介：为Protoperidinium种类的分类和鉴定在它的分类学习期间是最困难的工作。在这研究，Protoperidinium的分类地位被跟踪它的分类历史澄清，23种类在中国的海岸上属于类Protoperidiniumpreliminarily被识别，并且词法描述和板模式为每种被给。类似的种类的关键差别也在这研究被讨论，我们相信那P。oceanicum和P。murry，P。tumidum和P。fatulipes，P。水珠和P。majus是分开的种类；P。diabolum应该被当作有效名字而不是报导名字Peridiniumglobosum或Peridiniumlongipes；在P之间的分类关系。punctulatum和P。subinerme要求进一步的学习。

简介：

简介：SequencevariationofpartialcytochromebgenesbetweentwoCoiliaspecies,C.ectenesandC.mystus,wasinvestigated.Ofthe402nucleotides,twenty-seven(6.72%)arepolymorphicandallaresynonymoussubstitutions.Atthethirdpositionsofgeneticcondonofcytochromebgene,thetwospeciesshowanextremeanti-Gbias(＜4%)andapronouncedbiastowardsAandC(＞68%).Thereisnoaminoacidsequencedivergencebetweenthepartialcytochromebgenesofthetwospecies,indicatingaclosegeneticrelationshipbetweenthem.Thek-2pgeneticdistanceofpartialcytochromebsegmentofthetwospeciesis0.072,suggestingthatthespecieswereseparated3.6Maago,inthemiddlePliocene.Ourresultrevealsthatthecytochromebgeneisanappropriatemarkerforstudiesofpopulationgeneticstructuresandphylogeographicpatternsofthetwospecies.

简介：Xiangshanbayisanarrowsemi-closedbayandsituatedonthenorthwesterncoastoftheEastChinaSea.Overpastdecades,ithasbecometoamajorbaywithintensivehumanactivities,denseurbanizedarea,andpoorwaterquality.Theaimofthispaperwastorevealtheecologicalstatusthroughtheelucidationofthespeciescomposition,abundance,biomassanddiversityofmacrobenthosinthisbay.SixintertidalsectionsweresurveyedfromJanuary2007toNovember2008quarterly.SectionsTG,HDandXHarelocatedinthethreeinnerbays,sectionsQJandWSarelocatednearthethermalpowerplants,andsectionXXislocatedattheouterpartofXiangshanBay.Greatvariationsinmacrobenthoscommunitywereindentified,andthespeciescompositionofthecommunityinthepresentstudyshowedthedominanceintheorderofmolluscs(bivalvesandgastropods),crustaceansandothers,andonlyfewPolychaetawererecorded.Onlythreedominantspecies,Littorinabrevicula,Ilyplaxtansuiensis,andCerithideacingulatawerecollectedinallthesections,andatotalof19dominantspecieswererecordedonlyinonesection.Two-wayANOVAanalysesofabundanceindicatedthatthereweresignificantdifferencesamongsectionsorseasons.Shannon-Wienerdiversityindex(H’)haditsmaximum(2.45)insectionQJ,andminimum(1.76)insectionTG.Multipleirregulark-dominanceplotsclearlyshowedthatthestudyareawaspollutedandthemacrobenthoscommunitywasunderstress.WeconcludethatthemacrobenthosofXiangshanBayhavebeendisturbedbyhumanactivities,especiallyattheinteriorbay.

简介：TheGCanalysisoffattyacidoffourspeciesofmarinemicroalgaeculturedatdifferenttemperatureshowsthatthetemperaturehasdistincteffectsonthecompositionandunsaturateddegreeoffattyacidofmicroalgae.ThepercentagesofTPUFAinTFAandthenumberofmeandouble-bondoffattyacidsotIsochrysisgalbana,DunaliellasalinaandPhaeodactylumtricornutumdecreasewiththeascendingtemperature,whilethoseofTMUFAandTSFAincreaseundertheconditionsofthepresentexperiment.ThecontentofTPUFAandthenumberofmeandouble-bondsofChlorellasp.firstdecreaseandthenincrease,withtheminimumoccurringat20℃.

简介：BasedontrawlsurveysintheBeringSeaandChukchiSeaduringthe2010ChineseNationalArcticResearchExpedition,fishbiodiversitycharacteristics,suchasfishcomposition,dominantspecies,biodiversity,andfaunalcharacteristicswereconducted.WealsodiscussedtheresponsesoffishestothequickchangesinArcticclimate.Theresultsshowedthatatotalof41speciesin14familieswererecordedinthesewaters.ThedominantspecieswereHippoglossoidesrobustus,Boreogadussaida,Myoxocephalusscorpius,Lumpenusfabricii,andArtediellusscaber.Therewere35coldwaterspecies,accountingfor85.37%,andsixcoldtemperatespecies,occupying14.63%.Thehabitattypesoffishcouldbegroupedasfollows:35speciesofdemersalfishes,fivebenthopelagicfishes,andonepelagicfish.TheShannon–Wienerdiversityindex(H)(rangebetween0and2.18,1.21onaverage)wasnothigh,anddescendedfromsouthtonorth.ClimatechangehascausedsomefishestoshiftalongtheirlatitudinalandlongitudinaldistributionaroundtheArcticandSubarcticareas,andthiscouldleadtothedeclineofArcticfisheryresources.

简介：摘要：Sapeornithidae是早白垩纪原始的鸟的一个基础pygostylian家庭，在哪个仅仅一个类和种，Sapeornischaoyangensis，以前被报导。这份报纸处理这个家庭，的一个新类和种Didactylornisjii情报。etsp。nov，它在西方的辽宁从早白垩纪Jiufotang形成被发掘。根据我们的种系发生的分析，两张Didactylornis情报。nov。并且一个姐妹组，它对clade基础由Confuciusornis并且更加形成了的Sapeornis形式比到长尾巴的avialian鸟与短尾巴的pygostylian鸟有关仔细导出鸟，和更多。pygostylian鸟的早历史糟糕除了Confuciusornis和Sapeornis的研究被记录。Didactylornisjii情报的发现。etsp。nov。在鸟的早进化上为学习增加新材料。

简介：-InastudyofmeiofaunapolychaetefromtheHuanghaiSea,twonewspeciesbelongingtoExoganeandSphaerosylliswerefoundanddescribedinthispaper.Thetwonewspeciesdifferfromtheotherspeciesinthetwogeneramainlybythedorsalcirri,chaetationanddistributionofpapillae.

简介：类Cylindrotheca与一些由海洋的硅藻的一个小组组成描述的种类。十一当Cylindrothecadosteriummorphologically与他们小子单元的ribosomalRNA(SSUrDNA)和在这决定的编码叶绿体的rbcL基因序列学习的原子编码从Jiaozhou海湾被获得，识别的硅藻孤立。有趣地，SSUrDNA的很高的顺序分叉和rbcL基因在这些之中被发现孤立，并且相对引起推出的氨酸的很少变化的rbcL基因的众多的核苷酸变化定序。分别地，种系发生的分析基于SSUrDNA和rbcL基因组织了isolates进6clades。SSUrDNA的种系发生的树放了Cylindrotheca一起孤立的所有，清楚地把他们分开成二个系。系我由十一C组成。和另一C在这研究获得的dosteriumisolates。dosterium孤立，但是某clades很好没被支持。系II包含了二C。dosterium孤立并且一C。纺锤形孤立。Cylindrotheca孤立进二well-definedlineages的也分开的rbcL基因的种系发生的分析。十一C。dosterium孤立形成了一个系，所有clades强烈被支持。SSUrDNA的统计比较显示在我是的系以内的平均距离比另外的微水藻种类的显著地高(P<0.01)。这些结果在C以内建议了神秘种类的存在。dosterium。

简介：

简介：Dominantspeciesofzooplanktoncommunityvarywithlatitude.ThoughChinapossessesavastcoastalareainnorthwesternPacific,studiesonthelatitudinaldominantspeciesgradientarerare.WecollectedzooplanktonsamplesfromHaizhouBay(34.56?–35.19?N,119.51?–120.30?E),YueqingBay(28.14?–28.38?N,121.10?–121.21?E)andDongshanBay(23.65?–23.90?N,117.45?–117.60?E)inMay2012andMay2013topreliminarilycharacterizethelatitudinaldominantspeciesdistribution.Allthesampleswerecollectedverticallyusinga0.505mmmeshplanktonnetwith0.8minmouthdiameterfrombottomtosurface.Calanussinicus,Aidanosagittacrassa,Labidoceraeuchaeta,Zonosagittanagae,AcartiapacificaandParacalanusparvuswerefoundtobedominant.C.sinicuswasthemostdominantspeciesandtheuniqueoneoccurredinallthreebays.Withlatitudedecreasing,boththeabundanceandproportionofC.sinicusdeclinedsharply.Clusteranalysisshowedthatthe6dominantspeciescouldbedividedinto3groups,basedontheiroccurrencesinthethreebays.OurresultssuggestedthatthedistributionofdominantspeciesalongthecoastofChinahasasignificantlatitudinalgradient.C.sinicuswhichwidelydistributesinthecoastalwaterofthenorthwesternPacificcanwelladapttothetemperatureatdifferentlatitudes.ThehighabundanceinHaizhouBayindicatedthatC.sinicuswasanexemplarywarm-temperatespecies,andmorecommonlyoccursinthenorthofChinaseas.Theecologicalcharacteristicsofdominantspecieschangefromwarm-temperatetypeinhigh-latitudinalbaystowarmwatertypeinlow-latitudinalbays.

简介：AnewspeciesofHuaxiapterus:H.benxiensissp.nov.iserectedbasedonthenewspecimen.ThediagnosticcharactersofHuaxiapterusbenxiensisarewell-developedpremaxillarycrestandparietalspine,thecrestandspineparallelandextendingposterodorsally,andashallowgroovepresentonthedorsalsurfaceoftheanteriorportionofthemandibularsymphysis.ThedifferentskullmorphologiesofChinesetapejaridpterosaursindicatethattheyaremuchmorediversethanthepreviousthought.

简介：有增加极化的一个完全的词法坡度的一组radiolarlan石块在西南的Tianshan从上面的泥盆纪继任被报导，中国，明确地重要过渡raophotypes，Pylentonematransitorumsp。nov，Archocyrtium中等sp。nov。并且Quadrapesustransitivussp。nov，被发现。基于新过渡放散虫类的各类动物石块在形态学比到entactinids(spumellarians)更非常类似于到pylentonemids(cyrtoidnassellarians)的事实，他们被分配topylentonemids。两个的Pylentonemids份额字符Nassellaria(例如，hornedcephalis，有pylome的基础洞)并且Spumellaria(例如，trabecular骨针的系统)，并且他们因此具有进化意义。到nassellarians的从spumellarians的进化趋势被描绘由(1)内部骨针：从简单trabecular骨针复杂化部件(一；lr，ll；D；V；Lr，李；MB)；(2)放散虫类的各类动物的极化由于脊骨的rearrangment测试，从对轴的对称光线；(3)一个基础洞的渐渐的形成(孔，pylome，orpodome)；并且从pseudopylome的转变，有外部壳上的狭窄的边缘的priniativepylome，到有一面狭窄的、提高的Impermite墙的真pylomerimmed。

简介：植物生长能力和土壤保护用三洪水容忍的长江河边种(Arundinellaanomala，Hemartriacompressa和Cynodondactylon)被调查。根和叶表面生长，植物生长能力和土壤流量的缓解用被5，10和18厘米盖住的potted植物被分析新沉积分别地。A。anomala从新沉积最慢慢地反应了到恢复，当时H。compressa有最高的恢复率。后者能生产起始的根长度24次，41在12个星期的生长时期期间预定它的原来的叶表面。C。dactylon没在与升起的沉积厚度的关系在生长显示出重要变化，它意味着甚至新沉积的18厘米被C容忍。dactylon。侵蚀测试证明所有三植物种能在超过63%减少土壤流量。比作另外的种类，一。anomala不太能够稳定新沉积。保护H的能力的土壤。compressa在超过10厘米新沉积以后减少了。C。dactylon与检验的另外的种类相比显示出最好的土壤保留，自从它能减少土壤流量直到87%。因而，C。dactylon被发现比A对土壤保护植物种类显著地更好。anomala和H。在三座峡水库给条件的compressa。