简介:Asamaincomponentofinternationalhumanrightsdocuments,theUnitedNationscorehumanrightsconventionsshowobviousformalandsubstancecommonalities.TheformalcommonalitiesconsistintheirbeingadoptedbyUNGeneralAssemblyandtheirsimilarityinstructure,subjectsandsystems.Theircommonalitiesinsubstanceincludethesimilarityofcontents,thehomogeneityoftheproceduralmechanismsandthecomplementarynatureoftheirnormativeinterpretation.ThecommonalitiesamongtheUN’scorehumanrightstreatiesistheinevitablerequirementoftheuniversalityandwholenessofhumanrights.
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简介:Tobreakthroughthebottle-neckofquantumyieldinupconversion(UC)core-shellsystem,weelucidatedthattheenergytransferefficiencyincore-shellsystemhadanevidentcontributionfromthechargetransferofinterfacewithrelatedtotwofactors:(1)bandoffsetsand(2)bindingenergyareadensity.Thesetwovariablesweredeterminedbymaterialintrinsicpropertiesandcore-shellthicknessratio.Wefurtherunraveledthemechanismofnon-radiativeenergytransferbychargetransferinduceddipoleattheinterface,basedonaquasi-classicalderivationfromF?rstertyperesonantenergytransfer(FRET)model.Withstablebondingacrosstheinterface,thecontributionsonenergytransferinbothradiativeandnon-radiativeenergytransfershouldalsobeaccountedtogetherinAuzel'senergytransfer(ETU)modelincore-shellsystem.Basedonthediscussionaboutinterfacebonding,bandoffsets,andformationenergies,wefiguredoutthesignificanceofinterfacebondinginducedgapstates(IBIGS)thatplayedasignificantroleforinfluencingthechargetransferandradiativetypeenergytransfer.Theinterfacebandoffsetswereakeyfactorindominatingthenon-radiativeenergytransfer,whichwasalsocorrelatedtocore-shellthicknessratio.Wefoundthattheenergyareadensitywithrelatedtocore/shellthicknessratiofollowedthetrendofBoltzmansigmoidalgrowthfunction.Bythephysicaltrend,thisworkcontributedareferencehowthemulti-layeredcore-shellstructurewasformedstartingfromtheverybeginningwithinminimumsize.Aroutewaspavedtowardsasystematicstudyoftheinterfacetounveiltheenergytransfermechanismincore-shellsystems.
简介:界面的脱臼可以有相应于的一个传播核心一弱砍接口的抵抗。在这份报纸,一个圆锥形的模型被建议在各向异性的bimaterials模仿界面的脱臼的传播核心。由Stroh形式主义和草地功能,有弹性的地的分析表达式为如此的脱臼被推出。作为一个例子拿Cu/Nbbimaterial,方法的精确性和效率被接口条件很好验证,这被表明,一个传播核心能极大地与紧缩的核心相比在界面的脱臼附近减少压力紧张,并且传播核心区域附近的有弹性的地与压缩核心显著地不同,当他们对是的一个地点不太敏感时,1.5预定核心宽度离开传播核心的中心。
简介:Wepresentapolarization-maintainingPANDAring-corefiber(PM-PRCF)characterizedbythecombinationofaring-corestructurewithtwostress-applyingrods.Thisspecialfiberdesignseparatestheadjacentmodesandavoidsthecutoffofthehigher-ordermodes,whichisacommonprobleminellipticalcorepolarization-maintainingfew-modefibers.Usingahigh-contrastindexringandstress-inducedbirefringence,thePM-PRCFfeaturessupportfor10vectormodes,witheffectiverefractiveindexseparationsfromtheiradjacentmodes>10-4.Broadbandperformanceisinvestigatedsubsequentlyoverawidewavelengthrangefrom1500to1630nm.Theproposedfiberistargetedatapplicationsinspace-divisionmultiplexingwhileeliminatingthecomplexmultiple-inputmultiple-outputsignalprocessing.
简介:Understandingbendlossinsingle-ringhollow-corephotoniccrystalfibers(PCFs)isbecomingofincreasingimportanceasthefibersenterpracticalapplications.Whilepurelynumericalapproachesareuseful,thereisaneedforasimpleranalyticalformalismthatprovidesphysicalinsightandcanbedirectlyusedinthedesignofPCFswithlowbendloss.Weshowtheoreticallyandexperimentallythatawavelength-dependentcriticalbendradiusexistsbelowwhichthebendlossreachesamaximum,andthatthiscanbecalculatedfromthestructuralparametersofafiberusingasimpleanalyticalformula.Thisallowsstraightforwarddesignofsingle-ringPCFsthatarebend-insensitiveforspecifiedrangesofbendradiusandwavelength.Italsocanbeusedtoderiveanexpressionforthebendradiusthatyieldsoptimalhigher-ordermodesuppressionforagivenfiberstructure.
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简介:Fiber-opticlaser–ultrasoundgenerationisbeingusedinanincreasingnumberofapplications,includingmedicaldiagnosis,materialcharacterization,andstructuralhealthmonitoring.However,mostcurrentlyusedfiber-opticultrasonictransducersalloweffectiveultrasoundgenerationatonlyasinglelocation,namely,atthefibertip,althoughtherehavebeenafewlimitedproposalsforachievingmultipointultrasoundgenerationalongthelengthofafiber.Herewepresentanovelfiber-opticultrasoundtransducerthatusesthecore-offsetsplicingoffiberstoeffectivelygenerateultrasoundatmultiplelocationsalongthefiber.Theproposedlaser–ultrasonictransducercanproduceabalancedstrengthsignalbetweenultrasonicgenerationpointsbyreasonablycontrollingtheoffsetsofthefibers.Theproposedtransducerhasotheroutstandingcharacteristics,includingsimplefabricationandlowcost.
简介:Weproposeanovelwaveguidedesignofpolarization-maintainingfewmodefiber(PM-FMF)supporting≥10non-degeneratemodes,utilizingacentralcircularairholeandacircumjacentelliptical-ringcore.Thestructureendowsanewdegreeoffreedomtoadjustthebirefringenceofalltheguidedmodes,includingthefundamentalpolarizationmode.Numericalsimulationsdemonstratethat,byoptimizingtheairholeandelliptical-ringcore,aPM-FMFsupporting10distinctivepolarizationmodeshasbeenachieved,andtheeffectiveindexdifferenceΔneffbetweentheadjacentguidedmodescouldbekeptlargerthan1.32×10-4overthewholeC+Lband.TheproposedfiberstructurecanflexiblytailoredtosupportanevenlargernumberofmodesinPM-FMF(14-modePM-FMFhasbeendemonstratedasanexample),whichcanbereadilyapplicabletoascalablemodedivisionmultiplexingsystem.
简介:Weperformmicromagneticsimulationsontheswitchingofmagneticvortexcorebyusingspin-polarizedcurrentsthroughathree-nanocontactgeometry.Oursimulationresultsshowthatthecurrentcombinationwithanappropriatecurrentflowdirectiondestroysthesymmetryofthetotaleffectiveenergyofthesystemsothatthevortexcorecanbeeasiertoexcite,resultinginlesscriticalcurrentdensityandafasterswitchingprocess.Besidesitsfundamentalsignificance,ourfindingsprovideanadditionalroutetoincorporatingmagneticvortexphenomenaintodatastoragedevices.
简介:TightzonesofthegasbearingKanganandDalanformationsoftheSouthParsgasfieldcontainaconsiderableamountofunsweptgasduetotheirlowporosity,lowpermeabilityandisolatedporetypes.Thecurrentstudy,integratescoredata,rockelasticpropertiesand3Dseismicattributestodelineatetightandlow-reservoir-qualityzonesoftheSouthParsgasfield.Inthefirststep,thedynamicreservoirgeomechanicalparameterswerecalculatedbasedonempiricalrelationshipsfromwelllogdata.Thelog-derivedelasticmoduliwerevalidatedwiththeavailablelaboratorymeasurementsofcoredata.CrossplotsbetweenestimatedporosityandelasticparametersbasedonYoung'smodulusindicatethatlowporosityzonecoincidewithhighvaluesofYoung'smodule.Theresultswerevalidatedwithpetrographicstudiesoftheavailablethinsections.Thecoresampleswithlowporosityandpermeabilityarecorrelatedwithstrongrockswithtightmatrixframeworksandhighelasticvalues.Subsequently,rockelasticpropertiesincludingYoung'smodulusandPoisson'sratioalongwithporositywereestimatedbyusingneuralnetworksfromacollectionof3Dpost-stackseismicattributes,suchasacousticimpedance(AI),instantaneousphaseofAIandapparentpolarity.Distinguishinglowreservoirqualityareasinpayzoneswithunsweptgasisthenfacilitatedbylocatinglowporosityandhighelasticmodulusvalues.Anhydritezonesareidentifiedandeliminatedasnon-payzonesduetotheircharacterizationofzeroporosityandhighYoungmodulusvalues.Themethodologydescribedhasapplicationsforunconventionalreservoirsmoregenerally,becauseitisabletodistinguishlowporosityandpermeabilityzonesthatarepotentiallyproductivefromthoseunprospectivezoneswithnegligiblereservoirquality.