简介：Themodulationandcontrolofgecko'sfootmovementswerestudiedelectrophysiologicallyinordertodesignthemotorcontrolsystemofagecko-mimicrobot.Inthisstudy(1)theanatomyoftheperipheralnervescontrollingthegecko'sfootmovementswasdetermined;(2)therelationshipbetweenthelimbnervesofthegeckoanditsfootmotorpatternswasstudied;(3)theafferentimpulsesofthenervesevokedbyrubbingthegecko'stoesandpalmwererecorded;(4)copyingthenaturalpatternsofmovementofthegecko'sfoot(abduction,adduction,flexion,andrevolution)anditslimbnervemodulationandcontrolmechanism,thenerveswerestimulatedundercomputercontrol,andtheresultsrecordedbyCCD.Resultssuggestthatgecko'sfootmovementscanbesuccessfullycontrolledbyartificialelectricalsignals.

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简介：AflexiblehingelesscontrolsurfacemodelwasproposedformotioncontrolofUnderwaterVehicles(UVs),whichisinspiredbytheflexiblebendingcontrolsurfacesofunderwatercreatures,suchasfishandsquid.ComputationalFluidDynamics(CFD)simulationdemonstratesthat,incomparisonwiththehingedorrigidcontrolsurface,theproposedflexiblebendingcontrolsurfacecansuppresstheflowseparationsoastoimprovetheturningperformance.Aprototypeoftheflexiblecontrolsurfacewasfabricated,inwhichShapeMemoryAlloy(SMA)wireswereselectedastheactuators.Theelasticenergystorageandexchangemechanismwasincorporatedintotheactuationofthecontrolsurfacetoimprovetheefficiency.ThermalanalysisofSMAwireswasperformedtofindproperactuatingcondition.Open-loopbendingexperimentswerecarriedout.Theresultsshowthattheproposedcontrolsurfacecanachievethemaximumbendingangleof104°.Moreover,thepowerandenergyconsumptionunderdifferentpulseconditionswerecompared.

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简介：Asystemisdescribedherethatcannoninvasivelycontrolthenavigationoffreelybehavingratviaultrasonic,epidermalandLEDphoticstimulatorsontheback.Thesystemreceivescommandsfromaremotehostcomputertodeliverspecifiedelectricalstimulationstothehearing,painandvisualsensesoftheratrespectively.Theresultsdemonstratethatthethreestimuliworkingroupsfortheratnavigation.Wecancontroltherattoproceedandmakerightandleftturnswithgreatefficiency.Thisexperimentverifiedthattheratwasabletoreachasettingdestinationinthewayofcablewiththehelpofapersonthroughtheappropriatecoordinationofthethreestimulators.Thetelemetryvideocameramountedontheheadoftheratalsoachieveddistantimageacquisitionandhelpedtoadjustitsnavigationpathoveradistanceof300m.Inaword,thenon-invasivemotioncontrolnavigationsystemisagood,stableandreliablebio-robot.

简介：抽象非庄稼产地可以在保存起一个重要作用生物控制。这研究测试了毒麦(LoliummultiflorumL.)的效果邻近的冬季小麦领域里的蚜虫和瓢虫人口上的脱衣。地实验在诺思中国在2010在三毒麦边缘小麦情节和三控制情节被进行。在春天，一样的蚜虫种类，Sitobionmiscanthi(Takahashi)，在毒麦脱衣和小麦情节被发现。在毒麦的瓢虫的人口密度脱衣(3.5瀠牡獡瑩穩瑡潩n

简介：GreenhousehorticulturalproductioncurrentlyrepresentsanimportantandgrowdngsectorofCanada'sfoodandplantproducproductionsystems.Since2006,thevalueofgreenhousevegetablecropsinCanadaexceedsthatoffieldgrowncrops,signalinganimportantshiftinthew-ayfoodiscultivatedinthecountry.Whilemanyfactorshavecontributedtothischange,amajorareaofinnovationincludesthediscoveriesandadvancesmadeinthedevelopmentofcommercialgreenhouseproductionsystemsaswellastheintegrationofbiologicalcontrolstrategiesforsustainablepestmanagement.Withthisfocus,thisreviewoffersabriefoverviewoftheCanadiangreenhouseindustry,includingadescriptivelistofcommonlyusedbiologicalcontrolorganisms,aswellastheroleCanadianresearchhasplayedinthedevelopmentoftheseagents.WealsoaddressthethreatsthatCanadiangreenhouseproducersfacebyinvasivepestsandthecomplicationsthesehavecreatedforthecommercializationofnovelbiologicalcontrolagents.Thisinformationmayserveasaguideforthedevelopmentofparalleltechnologiesandtoolsinotherpartsoftheworldwheregreenhouseproductionisexpanding.

简介：农业害虫的生物控制依靠agroecosystem功能的知识，特别地当由大量生产的生物代理人的使用影响了时。用分子底的途径合并象基因差异和结构那样的pre-或这些代理人的版本以后的信息能推进我们他们怎么在agroecosystems表演的知识。我们评估了Macrolophuspygmaeus的人口遗传，大多数广泛地在地中海区域对温室庄稼的许多节肢动物害虫使用了食肉的mirid用mitochondrialCytb顺序和microsatellite数据，并且人口遗传和发展史途径。我们调查了商业地大量生产的昆虫(即，在为许多代的实验室饲养团的商业昆虫任何一个，或由农民购买了并且在温室释放了)并且野昆虫(即，在外面自然地发生或在温室为版本在自然被收集)。mirids主要在solanaceous植物在北西班牙，南部的法国和希腊是成年的在agroecosystems被收集。分子的标记和途径区分了2张遗传上区分的人口。不太遗传上多样的人口，此后从实验室mass-rearings和商业地引起的个人的大多数版本把包括的商业紧张称为所有个人。最遗传上多样的人口主要包括了从noncultivated环境，或从野蛮个人的版本发源的个人。在M之间的杂交的稀罕例子。从2张人口的pygmaeus被观察，不对称的基因流动被揭示。这些调查结果提供进发生在M身上的新卓见。在我们学习了的agroecosystems释放的pygmaeus，和监视一些商业种类是可能的表演。

简介：Aroboticfish,BASEMACK1,isdesignedandfabricatedbymimickingtheshapeofalivemackerel.ThreeDCservo-motorsareseriallylinkedtogetherandactuatedtomimicthemackerel'sCarangiformmotion.Hydrodynamiccharac-teristicsofafish-mimetictestmodelareexperimentallyidentifiedandutilizedinordertonumericallysimulatefishswimming.Thediscretesetofkinematicanddynamicparametersareobtainedbyconsideringrequiredhorizontalandlateralforcesandminimumenergyconsumption.Usingtheoptimizedparameterset,optimalcontroloftherobotisstudied.

简介：OptimalformationreconfigurationcontrolofmultipleUninhabitedCombatAirVehicles(UCAVs)isacomplicatedglobaloptimumproblem.ParticleSwarmOptimization(PSO)isapopulationbasedstochasticoptimizationtechniqueinspiredbysocialbehaviourofbirdflockingorfishschooling.PSOcanachievebetterresultsinafaster,cheaperwaycomparedwithotherbio-inspiredcomputationalmethods,andtherearefewparameterstoadjustinPSO.Inthispaper,weproposeanimprovedPSOmodelforsolvingtheoptimalformationreconfigurationcontrolproblemformultipleUCAVs.Firstly,theControlParameteri-zationandTimeDiscretization(CPTD)methodisdesignedindetail.Then,themutationstrategyandaspecialmutation-escapeoperatorareadoptedintheimprovedPSOmodeltomakeparticlesexplorethesearchspacemoreefficiently.Theproposedstrategycanproducealargespeedvaluedynamicallyaccordingtothevariationofthespeed,whichmakesthealgorithmexplorethelocalandglobalminimathoroughlyatthesametime.SeriesexperimentalresultsdemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmethodinsolvingtheoptimalformationreconfigurationcontrolproblemformultipleUCAVs.

简介：在中国为存储谷物的害虫管理联合微生物引起的杀虫剂和昆虫parasitoid的适用性用实验室试金被评估。为这个目的，在杆菌thuringiensis(Bt)之间的相互作用，使喝醉Bt的主人幼虫和parasitoidHabrobracon司青春的女神岩山(说)(Hymenoptera：Braconidae)对PlodiainterpunctellaHübner被测试(鳞翅目：Pyralidae)。Bt或H。独自引起41.67%的司青春的女神岩山和35.35%P。interpunctella幼虫的死亡分别地。Btparasitoid显著地联合了处理P的增加的死亡。interpunctella(86%)。H的子孙开发。司青春的女神岩山依赖于它到Bt的危险性。更少parasitoids从Btparasitoid出现了比在non-Bt处理联合了处理。自从Bt没阻止parasitoid开发，有Bt和parasitoid版本的一个联合处理不管多么能对P生产更好的保护。interpunctella比任何一个处理当单身地使用了时，因为他们的致命的效果是到对方的添加剂。

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简介：TheproblemofflappingmotioncontrolofMicroAirVehicles(MAVs)withflappingwingswasstudiedinthispaper.Basedupontheknowledgeofskeletalandmuscularcomponentsofhummingbird,adynamicmodelforflappingwingwasdeveloped.AcontrolschemeinspiredbyhumanmemoryandlearningconceptwasconstructedforwingmotioncontrolofMAVs.Thesalientfeatureoftheproposedcontrolliesinitscapabilitiestoimprovethecontrolperformancebylearningfromexperienceandobservationonitscurrentandpastbehaviors,withouttheneedforsystemdynamicinformation.Furthermore,theoverallcontrolschemehasafairlysimplestructureanddemandslittleonlinecomputations,makingitattractiveforreal-timeimplementationonMAVs.Boththeoreticalanalysisandcomputersimulationconfirmsitseffectiveness.

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简介：在干细胞生物学要处理的一个关键问题是控制胚胎的茎(ES)的分子的发信号机制细胞pluripotency。干细胞性质被象脱氧核糖核酸甲基化并且染色质改变那样的特定的抄写因素和epigenetic过程支配。几个cytokines/growth因素作为批评ES房间管理者被识别了。然而，在我们在ES房间连接细胞外的信号到transcriptional规定的细胞内部的发信号小径的知识有差距。这短评论讨论Shp2的生理的角色，细胞质的酷氨酸磷酸酶，在管理EScell自强对区别的分子的开关中。Shp2支持ES细胞分化，英皇家空军之阶级最低之兵的主要throughbi方向性的调整和Stat3小径。在老鼠ES房间的Shp2的删除导致更有效的自强。这观察提供动力在文化为ES房间的维护和扩大开发Shp2禁止者。

简介：为鸡蛋的控制和甘薯白人的第二个中间形态阶段为24h跟随直接暴露到杀虫药剂Majestik，水花油，Agri-50E，Savona和天王卫四的entomopathogenic真菌Lecanicilliummuscarium的孢子萌芽上的效果飞，Bemisiatabaci，被决定。到Agri-50E和天王卫四的暴露被可接受的孢子萌芽跟随。L的传染性率。一品红叶子上的muscarium也面对杀虫药剂的干燥残余被调查。B的控制的没有重要有害效果onthelevels。tabaci与用于没有残余的叶子的真菌相比被记录。有真菌的化学药品Savona，水花油和Majestik的顺序的申请都生产了第二中间形态B的死亡。超过90%的tabaci。有L的这些化学药品的加入。muscarium进为B的综合防治法节目。tabaci被讨论。

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