简介:Basedoncontinuummechanics,wehavedevelopedamodelforsemi-quantitativeestimatingeffectsofphasecontinuityonflowstrengthoftwo-phaserocksincludingpartiallymeltedorcrystallizedrocks.Calculationsofthebulkflowstrengthofcompositerocksasfunctionsofthevolumefraction,geometricalshapeandcontinuityoftheconstitutivephasesinvolveinnumericallysolvingtwonon-linearequationsandthusareeasytobeperformed.Themodelhasbeenjustifiedbyagoodagreementbetweenthepredictedandmeasuredresultsondiabase(64%clinopyroxeneand36%plagioclase)intherangeofexperimentaltemperaturesandstrain-rates.Itisbelievedthatthepresentmodelcouldprovideanapproximateestimatefortherheologicalevolutionofmagmaticrocksduringtheirlifecycleofmelting-crystallization-deformation.
简介:在地震小浪振幅光谱精确地被估计的假设上,有不同阶段系列的一组小浪,是估计了小浪考虑了,被用来实现线性最少平方的倒置。在倒置期间,除了小浪阶段,影响倒置结果的所有另外的因素没被考虑。稀少的反射率的倒置结果当模特儿(或短而粗的阻抗模型)显示出那:(1)尽管用倒置结果的合成数据与原来的地震数据匹配很好,转换反射率和声学的阻抗与真正的模型的不同。(2)倒置结果可靠性依赖于估计的小浪Z变换根分发。当估计的小浪Z变换根仅仅在联合起来的圆附近不同于真实小浪的时,转换反射率和阻抗与真正的模型通常一致;(3)尽管合成数据与原来的数据和Cauchy标准匹配很好(或修改Cauchy标准)与一个常数,抑制参数被优化了,转换结果极大地是静止的与真正的模型不同。最后,我们作为评估标准与适应抑制参数用L1标准,峭度,变化,有适应抑制参数的Cauchy标准或/并且修改Cauchy标准建议减少不精密的小浪阶段评价的坏影响并且在理论获得好结果。
简介:我们是否用声学的记载的工具测量阶段或组速度,仍然被说服。在这份报纸,三种模型被用来由理论分析和数字模拟调查这个问题。首先,我们使用与不同速度包含二个飞机波浪的飞机波浪重叠模型并且能改变阶段速度和组速度的价值。数字结果看那阶段速度是否比组速度更高或低,用缓慢时间连贯(STC)我们能仅仅给阶段速度的方法。根据分散分析和分支切割集成的结果,当组速度由到达时间拣获得了时,第二在僵硬边界地上凿穿为分散曲线的结果和STC方法获得的速度是阶段速度的一阶的模式表演的波形建模。最后,偶极子登录一个慢形成模型用分散分析和真实轴的集成被调查。分散曲线和完整的波浪火车的结果与僵硬边界条件作为地上凿穿模型显示出类似的结论。
简介:高周波的地震变细通常被归因于有弹性的吸收。在这篇论文,我在场高周波的地震变细上的三研究并且建议物理机制源于有弹性的显微镜的多重散布波浪的干扰。首先,我在基于为波浪繁殖的基本单位是一个nano团点的概念的二阶段的媒介在波浪繁殖上建议一个新理论。由于毛孔液体和岩石框架的弹性变化,微多重散布波浪将在通过二阶段的媒介和他们的干扰的震波的波长出现,重叠将产生高周波的地震变细。第二,我在场由当模特儿的地震播送波浪的频率反应的研究与比毛孔直径没有大的厚度薄层。结果显示高周波的震波在一个近表面的水地区稍微稀释,但是在一个近表面的煤气的地区显著地腐烂。第三,我在Songliao盆用双井的射击在近表面的水和煤气的地区里分析地震变细特征,并且证明高周波的震波在水地区稍微稀释,但是在气体,宣传的1601600Hz挥动的地区显著地腐烂。来自观察与当模特儿的结果与一致的地的地震变细特征。理论上从这些研究得出的结论支持地震变细恢复。
简介:Twodifferentmethodsforincorporatingdiffractioneffectintowaveactionbalanceequationbasedcoastalspectralwavemodels,WABEDandSWAN,arediscussedandevaluatedwithrespecttotheirformulations,numericalimplementations,andmodelingcapabilities.Bothmodelswereruntosimulatethewavetransformationthroughagapbetweentwoinfinitelylongbreakwatersandthatacrossanellipticalshoalobservedinlaboratorystudies,withtheemphasislaidonthediffractioninducedbyeitherobstaclesorwaveamplitudevariations.CalculationsofWABEDwerecomparedwithSommerfeld'sanalyticalsolutions,experimentalobservationsandSWANsimulations.Itisshownthatbothmethodscanpredictreasonablywavediffractionforthetwocasesstudiedherein,andafairlybetterperformanceisprovidedbyWABEDforstrongerdiffractioncase.
简介:<正>1IntroductionAlkalinelakesarewidelydistributedintheareaoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Mostofthesaltlakesarefamousfortheirhighconcentrationoflithium,potassium,magnesium,boron(Ma,2000).Inrecentyears,asanewenergymaterial,lithiumanditscompoundsarewidelyusedinthenewarea,suchasaerospaceindustry,nuclear
简介:Theinfluencingfactorsforliquidphasecatalyticoxidationofminegastomethanol(informofCH3COOCH3)arestudiedusingtheself-establishedexperimentalapparatus.TheresultsshowthatCH3COOCH3(targetproduct)isobtainedbyusingCH3COOHasreactionsolvent,andtheyieldoftargetproductincreaseswiththeincreasingofreactiontemperature,gaspressureandreactiontime.Intheminegas-Pd(OAc)2-CH3COOHsystem,theyieldofCH3COOCH3increaseswiththeincreasingofadditionofPd(OAc)2whichisredoxcatalystforminegasconversion.TheyieldofCH3COOCH3willbegreatlyimprovedbycompositeadditionaloxidantwhichisobtainedbyequimolarmixofp-benzoquinonewithNO2.
简介:Inordertoexaminetheeffectivenessofengineeringprotectionagainstlocalizedscourinfrontofthesouthgroin-groupoftheYangtzeEstuaryWaterwayImprovementProject,PhaseI,anundistort-edphysicalmodelonageometricscaleof1:250isbuiltinthisstudy,coveringtwogroinsandtheiradacentestuarineareas.Byuseofrinsingfix-bedmodelaswellaslocalizedmobile-bedmodel,theexperimentisundertakenunderbi-directionalsteadyflow.Accordingtotheexperimentalresults,waterwaydredgingleadstotheincreaseinsteramvelocity,theincreasebeinglargerduringtheebbthanduringtheflood.Con-structionoftheupstreamgroinhassomeinfluenceontheflowpatternsnearthedownstreamgroin.Local-izedscourinfrontofthegroin-headsiscontrolledmainlybyebbflow.Inthecaseofariverbedcomposedentirelyofsilt,thedepthsoflocalizedscourinfrontofthetwogroin-headsare27mand29m,respectively.Inreality,theunderneathsedimentoftheprototyperiverbedisclaywhosethresholdve
简介:Thegenerationofhigh-resolutionDEMfrominterferometricSARhasresultedintheneedforaccurateandefficientmethodsof2-dimensionalphaseunwrapping.Inthispaper,wegiveabriefdescriptionofthemathematicalbaseofphaseunwrapping,andadetaileddescriptionoftheunweightedandweightedleastsquarephaseunwrappingalgorithm.Thenouralgorithmcombiningwiththeweightedleastsquarephaseunwrappingguidedbythebranch-cutsderivedfromGoldstein’salgorithmandcoherencecoefficientmapderivedfromtheINSARdataisprovided.InourexperimentwewritesubroutinesoftheGoldstein’sbranch-cutalgorithm,unweightedandweightedleastsquarephaseunwrappingalgorithmaswellasouralgorithm,andconstructasmallexperimentsystemtoresolvethephaseunwrappingproblem.FinallywetestouralgorithmonsomeINSARdata.Theresultshowsthatourapproachcanobtainunwrappedphasecorrectlyandefficiently.
简介:DuetothedifferentsignalfrequenciesfortheGLONASSsatellites,thecommonly-useddouble-differencingprocedureforcarrierphasedataprocessingcannotbeimplementedinitsstraightforwardform,asinthecaseofGPS.Inthispaperanoveldataprocessingstrategy,involvingathree-stepprocedure,forintegratedGPS/GLONASSpositioningisproposed.Thefirstispseudo-range-basedpositioning,thatusesdouble-differenced(DD)GPSpseudo-rangeandsingle-differenced(SD)GLONASSpseudo-rangemeasurementstoderivetheinitialpositionandreceiverclockbias.ThesecondisformingDDmeasurements(expressedincycles)inordertoestimatetheambiguities,byusingthereceiverclockbiasestimatedintheabovestep.ThethirdistoformDDmeasurements(expressedinmetricunits)withtheunknownSDintegerambiguityfortheGLONASSreferencesatelliteastheonlyparameter(whichisconstantbeforeacycleslipoccursforthissatellite).Areal-timestochasticmodelestimatedbyresidualseriesoverpreviousepochsisproposedforintegratedGPS/GLONASScarrierphaseandpseudo-rangedataprocessing.Otherassociatedissues,suchascycleslipdetection,validationcriteriaandadaptiveprocedure(s)forambiguityresolution,isalsodiscussed.Theperformanceofthisdataprocessingstrategywillbedemonstratedthroughcasestudyexamplesofrapidstaticpositioningandkinematicpositioning.Fromfourexperimentscarriedouttodate,theresultsindicatethatrapidstaticpositioningrequires1minuteofsinglefrequencyGPS/GLONASSdatafor100%positioningsuccessrate.Thesingleepochpositioningsolutionforkinematicpositioningcanachieve94.6%successrateovershortbaselines(<6km).
简介:地震小浪评价是地震数据处理和解释的重要部分,谁的正确直接与deconvolution和倒置的结果有关。小浪评价基于高顺序的系列是一个重要新方法。然而,高顺序的系列经常有阶段包装纸问题,它导致小浪阶段光谱偏差并且从而影响混合阶段小浪评价。解决这个问题,我们建议一个新阶段光谱方法基于在bispectral领域的保角的印射。方法避免由缩小Fourier阶段光谱的范围消除在原来的阶段包影响的bispectral阶段包问题的阶段光谱评价。方法基于保角的印射组成最少平方的小浪阶段光谱评价它与最少平方的小浪振幅光谱评价被用于混合阶段小浪评价。理论模型和实际地震数据验证这个方法的有效性。我们也扩大到trispectral小浪阶段光谱评价的在bispectral小浪阶段光谱评价的保角的印射的想法。
简介:用32,CMIP5(联合模型Intercomparison工程阶段5)当模特儿,这研究在为1850-2005的观察外部放射的强迫驾驶的历史的跑在云数量和他们的放射的效果(CRE)的模拟检验诚实,并且他们的未来在4.5情形竞选的RCP(代表性的集中小径)改变2006-2100。为历史的跑的确认度量标准被设计为climatological在空间模式的表示检验精确性吝啬、年度并且云和CRE的interannual变化。模型在云数量的模拟显示出大传播,明确地在低云总计。大规模环境也是的在云数量并且控制之间的观察关系由各种各样的模型不同地复制了。基于作为四个模型的最好的模型,和一般水准选择的确认度量标准,四modelsACCESS1.0,ACCESS1.3,HadGEM2-CC,和HadGEM2-ESare比multimodel整体一般水准更熟练地表现。模型投射全球平均数的SST在温室气体的增加温暖的所有,而是大小越过在1和2K之间的模拟变化,它对在云数量和分发的变化的差别大部分可归因。模仿温暖的更多的SST的模型由于减少的低云和增加的到来的短波放射在网CRE显示出更大的增加,特别地在在画热带的海洋的边界层的区域上。选择最好执行的模型在大约0.99%K1的全球平均数的云数量投射重要减小并且捕捞建议积极反馈的一个角色到全球温暖的0.46Wm2K1,的放射的温暖。
简介:TheX-discontinuity,whichappearsatthedepthofapproximately300km,isanimportantseismicinterfacewithpositivevelocitycontrastsintheuppermantle.Detectingitspresenceandtopographycanbeusefultounderstandphasetransformationsofrelevantmantlemineralsunderthehigh-temperatureandhigh-pressurecircumstanceoftheEarth'sinterior.Inthisstudy,wedetecttheX-discontinuitybeneaththeRyukyusubductionzoneusingfiveintermediate-deptheventsrecordedbythedenseAlaskaRegionalNetwork(AK).TheX-discontinuityissuccessfullyrevealedfromtherobustslantstackingofthesecondarydown-goingandconvertingSdPphases.Fromthedepthdistributionofconversionpoints,wefindthattheX-discontinuity'sdepthrangesbetween269kmand313km,withanaveragedepthof295km.Alltheconversionpointsarelocatedbeneaththedown-dippingsideofthePhilippineSeaslab.Fromenergycomparisonsinvespagramsforobservedandsyntheticseismograms,thestrongconvertedenergyismorelikelyfromathinhigh-velocitylayer,andtheS-wavevelocityjumpsacrosstheX-discontinuityareupto5%to8%withanaverageof6.0%.Accordingtopreviouspetrologicalandseismologicalstudies,theX-discontinuitywedetectedcanbeinterpretedasthephasetransformationofcoesitetostishoviteineclogiticmaterialswithintheoceaniccrust.