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简介：Background:Oneofthemostimportantdriversofforestbiodiversityisconspecificnegativedensitydependence(CNDD),areductioninperformancewhenconspecificdensitiesarehigh.WhilethemajorityofCNDDresearchhasfocusedontropicalforests,evidenceismountingthatCNDDmayalsoplayanimportantroleintemperateforests.Tofurtherexplorethepotentialreachofthisphenomenon,weinvestigatedCNDDinAmericanbeech(Fagusgrandifolia)inamaturemid-Atlanticforest.Methods:Weusedbivariatepointpatternanalysestoexaminespatialrelationshipsbetweenlargebeechtreesandconspecificsaplings,andwealsocontrastedthesepatternswithcomparablepatternsforheterospecifics.Inaddition,toaddressthepossibilityofdispersallimitationandtheassociatedeffectsonspatialpatterns,weanalyzedseedlingdensityasafunctionofadultconspecificabundance.Results:Wefoundthatbeechsaplingsweremorerepeledfromlargeconspecificsthanlargeheterospecifics,despitethefactthatbeechseedlingdensitywaspositivelycorrelatedwithbeechbasalarea.However,saplingsofothercanopytreespecieswerealsorepeledfromadultbeechtrees,suggestingageneralsuppressiveeffect.Nonetheless,thediscrepancybetweenbeechseedlingandsaplingdensitiesbeneathadultconspecificssuggeststhatbeechseedlingsurvivalrateswerereducedinvicinityofconspecificadults.Conclusions:Regardlessoftheextenttowhichbeechinhibitsheterospecifictrees,anegativeeffectonconspecificrecruitsmaybecriticalforbiodiversitymaintenance.Withoutthisconspecificsuppression,adenselayerofshade-tolerantbeechsaplingscouldformbeneathadultbeechtrees.Ifthisweretooccur,beechwouldhaveasubstantialhead-startfolowingcanopydisturbance,andthislate-successionalspeciescouldpotentialydominateastandinperpetuity,throughrepeateddisturbancecycles.

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简介：Withtheadventofleft-handedmagneticmaterials,itisdesirabletodevelophigh-performancewavedevicesbasedontheirnovelpropertiesofwavepropagation.Thisletterreportsthespecialpropertiesofelasticwavepropagationinmagnetoelasticmultilayeredcompositeswithnegativepermeabilityascomparecdtothoseincounterpartstructureswithpositlvepermeability.Thesenovelpropertiesofelasticwavesarediscernedfromthediversifieddispersioncurves,whichrepresentthepropagationandattenuationcharacteristicsofelasticwaves.Tocomputethesedispersioncurves,themethodofreverberation-raymatrixisextendedfortheanalysisofelasticwavesinmagnctoelasticmultilayeredcomposites.Althoughonlytheresultsofasinglepiezomagneticandabinarymagnetoelasticlayerswithmechanicallyfreeandmagneticallyshortsurfacesaswellaspelrfectinterfaceareillustratedinthenumericalexamples,theanalysisisapplicablelomagnetoelasticmultilayeredstructureswithotherkindsofboundaries/interfaces.

简介：声音变换(VC)基于Gaussian混合模型(GMM)是变换来源光谱指向光谱的最经典、普通的方法。然而，这个方法对敏感因为它的frame-by-frame变换在恰当上。有非否定的矩阵因式分解(NMF)的VC在这份报纸被介绍，它能阻止光谱由调整基础向量(字典)的尺寸在恰当上。以便认识到更好的非线性的印射，核NMF(KNMF)被采用完成印射的光谱。另外，增加变换的精确性，与GMM(GKNMF)相结合的KNMF也被介绍进VC。最后，KNMF，GKNMF，GMM，主要部件回归(PCR)，与GMM(GPCR)相结合的PCR，部分最不方形的回归(PLSR)，变弯的NMF基于关联的频率(NMF-CFW)和深神经的网络(DNN)方法与对方相比。建议GKNMF在客观评估和主观评估得到更好的性能。

简介：Chiral导致异例的否定磁致电阻(NMR)广泛地在拓扑的半金属为Weyl费米子的存在被用作批评运输证据。在这微型评论，我们在非中心对称的NbP和NbAs讨论NMR现象的一般观察。我们证明NMR能从Weyl费米子或外来的效果的内在的chiral异例产生，例如霍尔信号的重迭；地依赖者在体积的不同类的当前的流动，即，当前的jetting；并且共存的小搬运人的弱本地化(WL)。控制WL的NMR重重地依赖于样品质量并且被一条显著转线路描绘从对在提高的温度的否定先生生长积极，源于在阶段连贯时间和体积的纺纱轨道的散布常数之间的比赛小衣袋。因此，没有赞美技术的支持，在NMR之间的关联和chiral异例需要被细看。因为上升旋转退化，Weyl费米子的旋转取向与动量平行或反平行，它是作为helicity知道的一个唯一的物理性质。helicity的保存为Weyl费米子的运输提供强壮的保护，它能被磁性的杂质有效地仅仅散布。与磁性、无磁性的杂质的化学的做因此是比为检测Weyl费米子的存在的NMR方法更有说服力的。