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简介：AbstractNearly 70% of breast cancer (BC) is hormone-receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, and endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment for this subtype. However, intrinsic or acquired endocrine resistance can occur during the endocrine treatment. Based on insights of endocrine resistance mechanisms, a number of targeted therapies have been and continue to be developed. With regard to HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced BC, aromatase inhibitor (AI) is superior to tamoxifen, and fulvestrant is a better option for patients previously exposed to endocrine therapy. Targeted drugs, such as cyclindependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, play a significant role in the present and show a promising future. With the application of CDK4/6 inhibitors becoming common, mechanisms of acquired resistance to them should also be taken into consideration.

简介：AbstractBackground:After neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), non-pathological complete response of breast cancer patients can benefit from tailored adjuvant chemotherapy. However, it is difficult to select patients with poorer prognosis for additional adjuvant chemotherapy to maximize the benefits. Our study aimed to explore whether the subtypes of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in residual tumors (RT) is related to the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) after NAC.Methods:Data from patients with primary TNBC consecutively diagnosed at the Breast Disease Center of Peking University First Hospital from 2008 to 2014 were retrieved, and the cases with RT in the breast after NAC were enrolled. TILs subtypes in RT were observed by double-staining immunohistochemistry, and counted with the median TILs value per square millimeter as the cut-off to define high versus low TILs density in each subtype. The relationships between the TIL density of each subgroup and the clinicopathological characteristics of the RT after NAC patients were analyzed by Fisher exact test. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank statistics.Results:A total of 37 eligible patients were included in this study, and the median follow-up period was 50 months (range 17–106 months). There was no significant correlation between the infiltrate density of CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, and CD68+ lymphocytes and clinic-pathological characteristics. Significantly better prognosis was observed in patients with high CD4+-TILs (DFS: P = 0.005, OS: P = 0.021) and high CD8+-TILs (DFS: P = 0.018) and low CD20+-TILs (OS: P = 0.042). Further analysis showed that patients with CD4+/CD20+ ratio greater than 1 (DFS: P = 0.001, OS: P = 0.002) or CD8+/CD20+ ratio greater than 1 (DFS: P = 0.009, OS: P = 0.022) had a better prognosis.Conclusions:Subtypes of TILs in RT is a potential predictive biomarker of survival in TNBC patients after NAC.

简介：AbstractBackground:Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been considered to be one of the primary causes of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma since 1993. Low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma with HP is widely treated with HP eradication therapy, according to each specific clinical situation. However, several studies and guidelines indicate that the modified HP eradication therapy is also valid for HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy of the modified HP eradication therapy for gastric MALT lymphoma without HP.Methods:We searched studies that reported the response rate of the modified HP eradication therapy regimen for gastric MALT lymphoma without HP by using PubMed, Medline, and Ebsco from January 1971 until February 2019. All statistical analyses were carried out using R 3.5.3 (Mathsoft Company, Cambridge, MA, USA). The pooled response rate was expressed as a decimal. The heterogeneity test was performed using the I-squared (I2) statistic.Results:A total of 14 studies were selected with a total of 148 patients with HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma. The overall pooled response rate was 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.47). The combined estimate is I2 = 57% (P < 0.01). The study subjects were categorized by factors (area of patients). The pooled response rate of the sub-groups (Korea, Japan, China, and Western countries) was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.50-0.76), 0.16 (95% CI: 0.05-0.30), 0.38 (95% CI: 0.20-0.55), and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.08-1.00). The response rate showed that the modified HP eradication therapy was effective for patients with HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma, especially in Korea and Western countries.Conclusion:Therefore, the modified HP eradication therapy can be considered an optional therapy for patients with low-grade HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma. However, several limitations were revealed in the meta-analysis. Further systematic reviews and research are required.