简介：Biologicalelementsusuallyexerttheirfunctionsthroughinteractionswithotherstoformvarioustypesofbiologicalnetworks.Theabilityofcontrollingthedynamicsofbiologicalnetworksisofenormousbenefitstopharmaceuticalandmedicalindustryaswellasscientificresearch.Thoughtherearemanymathematicalmethodsforsteeringdynamicsystemstowardsdesiredstates,themethodsareusuallynotfeasibleforapplyingtocomplexbiologicalnetworks.Thedifficultiescomefromthelackofaccuratemodelthatcancapturethedynamicsofinteractionsbetweenbiologicalelementsandthefactthatmanymathematicalmethodsarecomputationallyintractableforlarge-scalenetworks.Recently,aconceptincontroltheory--controllability,hasbeenappliedtoinvestigatethedynamicsofcomplexnetworks.Inthisarticle,recentadvancesonthecontrollabilityofcomplexnetworksandapplicationstobiologicalnetworksarereviewed.Developingdynamicmodelsisthepriorconcernforanalyzingdynamicsofbiologicalnetworks.First,weintroduceawidelyuseddynamicmodelforinvestigatingcontrollabilityofcomplexnetworks.Thenrecentstudiesoftheoremsandalgorithmsforhavingcomplexbiologicalnetworkscontrollableingeneralorspecificapplicationscenariosarereviewed.Finally,applicationstorealbiologicalnetworksmanifestthatinvestigatingthecontrollabilityofbiologicalnetworkscanshedlightsonmanycriticalphysiologicalormedicalproblems,suchasrevealingbiologicalmechanismsandidentifyingdrugtargets,fromasystematicperspective.

简介：Background:Identifyingfactorsassociatedwithphysicalactivity(PA)isusefulinplanninginterventionsandpolicies.Theaimofthisstudywastoidentifysociodemographic,biological,andpsychosocialfactorsassociatedwithPAperformedinschoolsettings.Methods:Datacollectedforthepresentstudyincludedgender,age,socioeconomicstatus,bodyfatpercentage,aerobicfitness,self-efficacy,attitudes,peerandparentalsupport,andperceptionofschoolenvironment.Dependentvariableswerelight-intensityPA(LPA)andmoderate-to-vigorousintensityPA(MVPA)performedduringschooltime,recesses,andphysicaleducation(PE)classes.Multipleregressionanalyseswereperformed.Results:Participatingadolescents(n=567,53%female,12.9±5.3years)spent5%ofschooltimeinMVPAand27%inLPA,15%ofrecessesinMVPAand44%inLPA,and16%ofPEclassesinMVPAand41%inLPA.BoysengagedinmoreMVPAinallcategories.AgewasinverselyrelatedwithMVPAandLPAinallperiods,whereasbodyfatpercentagewasinverselyrelatedwithMVPAinschooltimeandPEclasses.AttitudewasinverselyrelatedwithMVPAinallperiodsandwithLPAinrecesses.ConsideringPAtobegoodandenjoyablewaspositivelyassociatedwithMVPAinschooltime.Conclusion:AdolescentsspentlittletimeinPAduringschool.Futureinterventionsshouldimplementenjoyableactivitiesatschool.