简介:为在沉积沉重的流动的骚乱精力的一个平衡方程根据solidliquid被导出二阶段的流动理论。方程为二维的、一致、稳定、充分开发的狂暴的hyperconcentrated流动被简化。推迟负担的运动的一个精力效率系数从骚乱精力方程被获得,它被定义为沉积暂停精力的比率到沉积沉重的流动的骚乱精力。实验室实验被进行在hyperconcentrated流动调查精力驱散的特征。115试验性的跑的一个总数被执行,包括有自然沉积的70跑,45与炉渣粉末跑。沉积暂停精力和流动抵抗上的沉积集中的效果被分析,在推迟负担的运动和沉积集中的精力效率系数之间的关系根据试验性的数据被建立。而且,在hyperconcentrated流动的精力驱散的特征被识别并且描述。高沉积集中不增加精力驱散,这被发现;相反,它减少流动抵抗。
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简介:在这份报纸,我们关于天气数据和S.C在一仅仅方向鈥?总结洗碗盆实验,物质转的原则,和鈥渞etrograde波浪的科学基础的特征。在气象学的理论的基本问题在被指出的OuYang鈥檚文章。而且,我们讨论包含那种物质发展的概念,理论,和方法的系统的变化。关键词后退在仅仅一个方向的波浪-洗碗盆实验-埃迪电流-首先演变作者陈刚义是信息技术,卫星遥感的一个成员与京族气象学社会的气象学委员会的Chengdu大学的研究人员,地质学的副秘书长和中国地点统计社会的气象的委员会。他做我在进化科学理论和空间遥感信息和它的申请的不规则的基础信息上研究到灾难天气并且为中国发现的国家鈥檚天赋科学的几个科学研究工程负责,国家鈥檚优先级的工程研究,国家鈥檚优先级基本R与D节目,和国家鈥檚气象学科学资助。他为国家鈥檚鈥淓ighth的重要结果赢得了奖金--从在1996的中国科学院的科学的五鈥?和技术节目和科学、工艺的进步。
简介:Basedonlong-termmeasurementsatthreegaugingstations,Toudaoguai,FuguandHequ,andonemeteorologicalstation,thisarticlediscussesthefeaturesofdischarge(Q)andsedimentconcentration(CS)ofariverreachoftheYellowRiverwithareservoirlocatedintheLoessPlateau.Theimpactsofthelocalsub-watershedbetweenToudaoguaiandFugugaugingstationsonsedimentbudgettotheYellowRiverhavebeenanalyzed.Inaddition,thedepositionprocessesintheTianqiaoReservoirhavebeeninvestigated.Resultsshowover80%oftheprecipitationthatfallsinthelocalsub-watershedisunabletocontributetotheYellowRiverrunoffprocess.Itisfoundthattheannualmaximumsedimentconcentrationisusuallylessthan30kg/m3duringfloodseasonsatToudaoguaiGaugingStation,butthesedimentconcentrationvariesdramaticallyatFuguGaugingStation.About35%ofthesedimenterodedinthesub-watershedsbetweenToudaoguaiandFugugaugingstationswasproducedfromtheHuangfuchuansub-watershedwhichhasadrainageareaaccountingonlyfor10%ofthedrainageareabetweenToudaoguaiandFugugaugingstations.TheTianqiaoReservoirgenerallyhasdepositionduringthesummerfloodseason,andscouringduringthenon-floodseason.Onaverage,over85%ofdepositedsedimentinthereservoiroccursinthe12kmlonglowerreservoirreach.ThevolumeofannualdepositioninthereservoirmainlydependsonthevolumeofwaterfromthelocalregionbetweenHequandFugugaugingstations.
简介:Whenflowpassesoverafreeoverfallspillway,formsajet.Thisjetofflowwithahighvelocitymaycausescouratthedownstreamofspillway.Thescourholecharacteristicsisaffectedbyparameterslikedischargeintensity,dropheight,tailwaterdepth,sizeofbedmaterialandstandarddeviationofbedmaterial.Inthispaper,resultsofexperimentsonscourbelowfreeoverfallspillwayforuniformandnonuniformbedmaterialsarepresented.Itwasfoundthatscourholecharacteristics(i.e.maximumdepthofscour,distanceofmaximumscourpointfromspillway,widthofscourhole,distanceofendofscourholefromspillwayandheightofridgeformedatthedownstreamofscourhole)isafunctionofdensimetricFroudenumberandratioofdropheighttotailwaterdepth.Analysisofexperimentaldatawithuniformbedmaterialresultedinequationsforestimationofscourholecharacteristics.Furthercorrectionfactorswereintroducedinordertoconsidertheeffectofnon-uniformityofbedmaterial.
简介:期刊海藻的花蕾从沉积导致磷(P)的免职和版本进水。因此,当海藻的粒子开始安定到底部时,在季节的变化期间,在沉积理解行为和P的分发特征是最重要的钥匙管理Saemangeum水库的水质量。在这研究,水质量和沉积作文包括叶绿素的变化--一(Chl--一)并且P被调查决定在水和沉积之间的相互作用。学习首先集中了于影响P版本和沉积的矿化作用的海藻的粒子沉积。Chl--水里的集中在10月看了锋利的衰落水藻什么时候开始在秋天死了,并且后来,化学的氧需求(货到付款)的集中和在沉积的全部的P(TP)在11月由于腐烂的海藻的粒子的沉积增加了。在时间的一样的时期期间,在沉积的容易地简历可得到的P(敲击)在在哪儿的上面的区域显示出激烈的增加Chl--水的集中高。在顺序,高敲击地区在早冬季从上面的区域变了到更低的区域。敲击移动被认为从分解水藻在沉积的表面上从安定的overlying水的物理流动被发源。Saemangeum水库最近被构造;因此,除了可溶的反应的磷(SRP)的无机的P部分的所有类型在湖和沼泽地沉积层的底部表面上存在不是足够的显著地影响overlying水。在另一方面,从水藻的释放P对季节的变化不同、敏感。在结论,海藻的粒子沉积是重要的在Seamangeum水库从沉积表面层的使矿物化的无机的P控制超营养作用而非P版本。
简介:Thefrontpartoftheflowisveryimportantandcomplexinthecaseofdebrisflowwherethereisanaccumulationoflargeboulders.Itisimportanttocontrolordampentheenergyofthefrontalpartofadebrisflowforthesafetyofthedownstreamareabecausetheimpactpressureofdebrisflowismuchgreaterthanthatofclearfluid.Themainobjectiveofthisstudyistoanalyzethehydrauliccharacteristicsoftheproposeddam(i.e.closed-typedamwithflap).Theverticalpressuredistributionofthistypeiscomparedwithconventionaldamtypes.Intheexperiments,thetotalpressureassociatedwithmajordebrisflowswasrecordedinrealtimebyasystemconsistingoffourdynamicpressuresensorsinstalledondifferenttypesofdam.Theresultsfromexperimentaldataclearlyshowthatthedamwiththeflaphasadvantagesofcapturingthedebrisflowwithlargebouldersandcontrolsthetotalpressurebyflowcirculationduetopresenceoftheflapstructurecomparedtoaclosed-typedamwithoutflap.Furthermore,theempiricalcoefficientsofhydrodynamicandsolidcollisionmodelswereproposedandcomparedwithavailablecoefficients.
简介:Theeffectoffullysubmergedbouldersontheflowstructureinchannelshasbeenstudiedbysomeresearchers.However,manynaturalstreamshavebedmaterialwithbouldersthatarenotfullysubmergedunderwater.Inmanynaturalstreams,boulderscoverbetween1%and10%oftheareaofthestreamreach.Theeffectofnon-submergedbouldersonthevelocityprofileandflowcharacteristicsisveryimportantforassessingriverbeddeformation.Theobjectivesofthispaperaretofindthepatternofvelocitydistributionaroundanon-submergedboulderandtocompareitwiththeclassicalstudiesonflowresistanceandReynoldsstressdistributioninopenchannels.Also,byconsideringthevariationintheReynoldsstressdistributionatdifferentlocationsaroundanon-submergedboulder,theeffectofanon-submergedboulderontheestimationofshearvelocityandresistancetoflowhasbeeninvestigated.Resultsindicatesthatinsidethescourholecausedbyanon-submergedboulderinarivervelocitydistributionsareirregular.However,velocitydistributionsareregularoutsidethescourhole.ThepresenceofthebouldercausesaconsiderabledeviationoftheReynoldsshearstressfromtheclassicdistribution,showinganon-specificdistributionwithnegativevalues.TheclassicalmethodsforcalculatingshearvelocityarenotsuitablebecausethesemethodsdonotgivedetailedvelocityandReynoldsstressdistributionsinnaturalriverswithalotofboulders.Thus,theeffectofanon-submergedboulderontheestimationoftheresistancetoflowbyconsideringthevariationsinvelocityandReynoldsstressdistributionsatdifferentlocationsaroundanon-submergedboulderisimportantandneedstobestudiedinanaturalriverinsteadofjustinlaboratoryflumes.ThenegativevaluesinReynoldsstressdistributionaroundaboulderindicatethattheclassicalmethodsareunabletopredictresistancetoflow,andalsoshowstrongturbulenceinsidethescourholewherethecomplexflowconditionspresentambi
简介:Resultsofanexperimentalstudyontheeffectsofdifferentconcentrationsofwashloadonthesizeofbedfeaturesandresistancetoflowinalaboratoryflumearepresented.Theexperimentswerecarriedoutunderdifferenthydraulicconditionsina30mlong,0.204mwideand0.5mdeeptiltingflumeunderclearwaterconditionandinthepresenceofdifferentconcentrationofwashloadintheflow.Thebedmaterialusedconsistedofuniformsedimentofsize0.96mm.Analysisofthedataindicatesthatthecharacteristicsofthebedfeatureschangeandfrictionfactorincreasesinthepresenceofdifferentconcentrationofwashloadintheflow.Thereasonsforchangesinthecharacteristicsofthebedfeaturesandincreaseinfrictionfactorinthepresenceofwashloadareidentifiedandarelationshipforpredictingfrictionfactorinthepresenceofwashloadhasbeenestablished.
简介:这个工作由进行批实验在沉积调查Cu离子的吸附,包括等温的实验和吸附动力学实验。从等温的实验的数据用Freundlich和Temkin模特儿兰米尔被分析,试验性的运动数据用伪first-order,pseudo-second-order,Elovich,液体电影散开和intra粒子散开模型是合适的。兰米尔模型导致了为平衡数据合适的最好,它显示沉积上的Cu离子的吸附能力是1.0403?mg?有K1>L4.2877的KL价值?L?mg1。也提供的Freundlich和Temkin模型好适合,并且nFnF和A价值是3.8565和66.9964?Lmg1,分别地,显示在Cu离子和沉积之间的更强壮的吸附紧张和吸附精力。与伪first-order和Elovich模型相比,pseudo-second-order模型为描述吸附动力学是更适当的,显示吸附的化学吸着性质。吸附运动过程能被划分成电影散开,毛孔散开和吸附反应。为吸附动力学的控制的步随着吸附过程的发展变化了。全部吸附过程拿了180?min。电影散开是控制步骤为开始的20?min。在期间20~60?min时期,逐渐地增加的毛孔散开和电影散开减少了以便两现象共存了。毛孔散开在60-180期间是控制步骤?min时期。
简介:TostudythecharacteristicsofthedistributionofthepreferentialpathsandtheaffectingfactorsintheThreeGorgesarea,foursoilprofilesweredugtoobservethedistributionofpreferentialpathsintheQuxiwatershedintheYangtzeRiverbasin.TheMorisitaexponentialtestmethodwasusedtoexaminethedistributiontypeofpreferentialpaths.Thephysicalpropertiesandinfiltrationcharacteristicsofthesoilwerealsomeasuredtoevaluatetheirrelationshiptopreferentialpaths.Theresultsshowedthatinthisarea,preferentialpathsclusteredandmainlydistributedinthe80-100cmsoillayer,andalongtheinterfacebetweentheweatheredlayerandsemi-weatheredlayer.Thereweremorenon-capillaryporesinthe83-110cmlayerthanintheotherlayers.Itcanbederivedthatmostnon-capillaryporesinthislayerwerepreferentialpathscausedbygeologicalprocessesandrottenplantroots.Thepercentageofcoarsesoilparticlesincreasedwiththedepthofthesoillayer.Inthedeepersoillayer,thecoarsesoilparticleshelpedtheformationofpreferentialpaths.Thefasteststeadyinfiltrationratewasobservedintheof83-110cmlayer,whichisinferredtobeduetothegreaternumberofpreferentialpaths.
简介:由于在水动力学和严肃的效果之间的相互作用,河岸倒塌是在上面的黄河的荒芜的活动范围的普通出现(也作为Ningxia蒙古内部活动范围打电话),哪个河岸可以在宽山谷的荒芜的活动范围,河的平原上的淤泥免职河岸和淤泥沙的河岸被划分成象沙的河岸那样的三种类型。为折叠河岸的两典型河岸倒塌和粒子尺寸分布(PSD)的特征沙,淤泥免职,和淤泥沙的类型从从域观察获得的数据的分析被决定。从淤泥免职河岸的粒子从沙的河岸有最小的中部的尺寸和那些,这被发现最大,与那些,是中间的在里面缩放。PSD沙并且分别地,当那些淤泥沙的河岸展出了多重山峰时,淤泥免职河岸展出了双peaked和达到顶点单人赛的结构。而且,相应于三种河岸倒塌机制被揭示。这些结果河动力学的理解与问候是重要的到并且到计划利用工程的河。
简介:ThispaperpresentsthenumericalinvestigationofthedistributionofinertialsedimentparticlesintheturbulentboundarylayerofanopenchannelflowwiththeparticleStokesnumberrangingfrom0.6to20.4.Themethodologyisacombinationofthreenumericalapproaches,i.e.directnumericalsimulationofturbulentflow,thepoint-particleimmersedboundarymethod,andthediscreteparticlemethod.ByapplyingtheVorono?analysis,thepreferentialconcentrationcharacteristicsofsedimentparticleswereinvestigatedquantitatively.ItwasfoundthatthenormalizedareaoftheVorono?cellsfollowsalognormalparticledistribution.Theinertialsedimentparticlesdistributedunevenlyintheturbulentboundarylayerandtheunevenness,governedbytheparticleStokesnumber,wasmoresignificantastheparticleStokesnumberapproachesunity.Theinertialsedimentparticlesintheturbulentboundarylayeraccumulatedpreferentiallyinstreamwise-alignedstreakystructuresandthispatternwaslesssignificantwithincreasingparticleStokesnumber.
简介:在上面的黄河的Sanhuhekou-Toudaoguai活动范围的河床上的沉积免职搜索的年度变化从Sanhuhekou和Toudaoguai水文学车站基于流量和沉积运输观察在年1952-2010期间被调查。象水库操作,支流流入,以及来自Shidakongdui区域的流量和沉积负担那样的多重影响因素被分析。尽管沉积从主要来源,装载,结果显示出那特别自从2000年代,象象Qingshui河和Zuli河那样的在上游的支流一样的Shidakongdui区域由于提高的水土壤保存措施和植被盖子的改进减少了,学习活动范围通常仍然在累积沉积的地位。这主要由于Liujiaxia水库和Longyangxia水库的联合操作,它显著地在SanhuhekouCrosssection减少了年度流量和沉积负担。水库显著地也改变了学习活动范围的夏天洪水特征,导致变化从的年度流动曲线的形状一进一座双山峰单个山峰。这些引申严厉地减少了大量涌入产出超过90%沉积的夏天洪水季节的沉积运输能力装载,导致在水和沉积之间的一种失衡的关系。另外,SanhuhekouCrosssection的估计的到来的沉积系数从0.003到0.004kgs/m6作为不平的批评价值被建议决定scour或学习活动范围的免职地位的0.014kgs/m6,。