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简介：大Wenchuan()地震导致了山崩的大数量。他们广泛地被散布并且引起巨大的损坏。这些导致地震的山崩的滑动机制和特征与常规严肃山崩的那些不同。他们的出现被强大的地震显然控制，并且他们被高势能滑动并且喷射滑动描绘。在这篇文章，导致地震的山崩被分类，滑动和这些山崩的破坏的特征被描述，并且在地震之间的关系和山崩被分析。Donghekou()山崩被用作一个例子描绘移动迅速的长途的导致地震的喷射滑动和山崩。这研究建议与导致地震的山崩有关的许多现象和问题在当前的识别和知识以外，并且新方法论应该被采用在山崩的发展把地震的效果看作首要的因素。而且，移动迅速的长途的导致地震的山崩的学习能也使旧、古老的山崩的形成清楚些。

简介：Thispaperpresentsapreliminaryassessmentofthehydrogeologicalcharacteristicsofakarstmountainouscatchment,theSuoiMuoiRivercatchment,inthenorthwestofVietnam.Thecatchmentislocatedat600-700ma.s.1.andcoversanareaof284km.Exposedlimestoneoccupies32%ofthetotalcatchmentarea.Varioustypesofassessmentshavebeencardedout,includinggeologicalandhydrogeologicalfieldsurveys,cavesurveys,dye-tracertests,meteorologicalandsurfacewatermonitoring.Geologicalstudiesandcavesurveyshaveidentifiedthemostimportantactivecave/conduitsystemswithinthecatchment.Althoughthesedataareessential,theyareinsufficienttomakeacomprehensiveappraisalofthehydrologicnatureofthecatchmentunderinterest.Anattemptwasmadetocalculateaglobalwaterbalanceofthecatchment,basedonshort-term(15months)meteorologicalandstreamfiowrecords.Theresultsshowthat,despitetheexistenceofanumberofsubstantialcavernconduitsystems,thegroundwatersystemofthecatchmentisgovernedbythefracture/fissurematrix.Thecavernconduitsystemsonlycollectgroundwaterfromtheadjacentfracturematrixand/orconnecttopographicallyisolatedsurfacewatercourses.Thegroundwaterstorageofthecavernconduitsystemsappearstoberegionallyinsignificantincomparisonwiththegovernedfracturematrixgroundwatersystem.``

简介：TheearlyMesozoicgranodiorites(ca.165Ma)inthenortheasternHunanProvince(NEH)haveSiO2=65.4-69.65%,K2O/Na2O=0.95-1.38andK2O+Na2O＞6%,A/CNK=0.96-1.13andbelongtometaluminoushigh-Kcalc-alkalineseries.TheyarecharacterizedbyLREEandLILEsenrichment,andHFSEdepletionwithslightlynegativeEuanomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.62-0.90).Theinitial87Sr/86Srratiosareinrangefrom0.711458to0.717461,andεNdvaluesvaryfrom-9.4to-12.3,distinctfromthoseofthecontemporaneousgranodioritesmantle-derivedfromtheSoutheasternHunanProvince(SEH)(87Sr/86Sr(i)=0.707962～0.710396,εNd(t)=-6.98～-2.30).Bycontrast,suchsignaturesareroughlysimilartothoseoftheneighboringotherMesozoicgraniticplutons(Eu/Eu*=0.30-0.70;87Sr/86Sr＞0.710;εNd=-12to-16)inSouthChinaBlock(SCB),whichhavebeeninterpretedastheremeltingproductsofPrecambrianbasement.TheProterozoiclower-middlecrustisanimportantcontributortothepetrogenesisoftheseearlyMesozoicgranodioritesintheNEH.AnintracontinentalextensionsettingispresentinthenortheasternHunanProvinceatthattimeduetothedemandofenoughthermaltransfer.

简介：Forskarntypedeposits,therearetwokindsofskarns,skarnformedbyfiltrating-diffusingmetasomatismandveinskarnformedbyfilling.Theveinskarn,discussedthispaperandconsideredtobemagmaticgenesis,ischaracterizedby:(1)occurringasveinwithdistinctboundarieswithcountryrocks,yetjustthesameeveninmarbleeasytobereplaced;(2)composedofamineralassemblagesimi-lartothatofgranite,containingpegmatiteaswellascoarseskarnmineralpockets,andsometimestran-sitedwithdikerocks;(3)clearcrystallinefeatureofdeposition;(4)sideronintietexture;(5)showingvesicular,bean-likeandflowstructures;(6)verycommonliquidimmiscibility;(7)verticalzoningofgravitationaldifferentiationcausedbyvolatileconcentrationupwards;(8)associatedandtransitedwithiron-copperorebodiesofmagmaticgenesisandtungsten-bearingquartzveinsofsilicatemagmaticgene-sisrichinvolatile;(9)meltinclusions.Twooriginsofskammagma,originatedbyassimilationofsilicatemagmaatitsemplacem

简介：世界介绍需求因为油和气体为超过60%全球油和煤气的供应仍然在一个快速的生长时期，和传统的油和煤气的资源报道。美洲是第二最大的生产和液体的消费中心造成的世界，并且也是世界最大的天然气制片人。在2016，美洲有853亿大量证明的油储备和证明天然气储备的18.7万亿m3，它说明35.4%世界和10.0%分别地总计储备。它生产了油的1267.1山和天然气的11254亿m3，它分别地说明28.9%世界和31.7%总数生产。原油和天然气储备主要在美国，加拿大和委内瑞拉被散布。美国是在页岩气体探索和开发的最早、很成功的国家，并且它的页岩气体在南部、中央、东方的美国被集中，包括Marcellcus页岩，Barnett页岩，EagleFord页岩，Bakken页岩，Fayettevis页岩，Haynsvill页岩，Woodford页岩和Monterey/Santos页岩。在美洲的潜在的油和煤气的资源主要在西方的加拿大沉积的盆在Williston盆，主导的stratigraphic陷井和很少结构的陷井在北方斜坡盆，古生代的Madsion组白云石和石灰石的中间上面的侏罗记斜坡免职在背斜和stratigraphic陷井被集中，始新世structural-stratigraphic烃联合，结构不顺从的陷井和结构的烃联合，和上面的Miocen另外，地震subsalt成像技术的突破使subsalt成为东方Barzil的深海的海区域重要的油和煤气的潜在的区域。

简介：Marius山是月亮的靠近的一边上的一个暴烈的高原。它具有为它暴烈的特征的高集中的大兴趣，包括屋顶，锥，山脉，和rilles。然而，这个高原的词法、按年代先后的特征很好没由于早使命数据的低分辨率被学习。这研究在月亮的侦察Orbiter(LRO)(0.5m/pix)上在Selene-1(10m/pix)和狭窄的角度照相机(NAC)上用地面照相机(TC)的最近的高空间的分辨率图象描述暴烈的特征的详细形态学。我们这里报导象熔岩试管的天窗和残余那样的一些新结构。我们与ClementineUVVIS数据划分了幽灵似地同质的区域并且在每光谱的联合起来与月亮的Orbiter(LO)IV和TC图象做了坑尺寸频率分发(CSFD)大小。我们首先报导1.10的绝对模型年龄为Marius暗岩1的Ga，为Flamsteed暗岩的1.49Ga，和为Schiaparelli的1.46Ga暗岩。另外，我们识别了几个更年轻的熔岩事件：他们是Marius暗岩2(814妈)，媒介到低钛暗岩(949妈)，和无差别的中等的钛暗岩(687妈)。最后，我们为Marius山的形成建议一种披风羽毛情形，它能解决以前的模型的矛盾。

简介：ThenorthernmarginoftheAlxablockisthejunctionofatectonicunits.Fourfirst-ordertectonicunitsaredistinguished:1.theYaganstructuralzonecharacteristicofanimmatureislandarc;2.theZhusileng-Hangwulastructuralzone,whichwasapassivecontinentalmarginintheEarlyPalaeozoicandwastransformedintoanactivecontinentalmarginintheLatePalaeozoic;3.theShalazhastructuralzonecharacteristicofamatureislandarc;4.theNuru-Langshanstructuralzone,whichwasaProterozoicorogenicbeltandlaterevolvedintoanextensionaltranstionalcrustinthePalaeozoic.Theabove-mentionedtectonicunitsdifferremarkablyinsedimentaryformations,magmaticrockassociations,metamorphismandgeochemistryandareboundedbyfaultsbetweenoneanother.

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简介：通过从Tangshan的沿海的区域收集地下水样品，中国，影响地下水的化学作文和资源的质量的hydrochemical过程被分析。化学成分，因素分析，和一个图形的方法在这研究被采用。结果证明人的活动显然影响新鲜地下水。在这个区域的南部的部分散布的深地下水被salinization严重地影响，并且在北方的浅地下水也是开始显示出一样的恶化。深地下水的化学集中主要取决于水岩石相互作用，混合盐的水和离子交换处理。与样品C-33的例外，在学习区域的所有地下水样品对喝合适。粗略地，深地下水的一半取样的测试表演有至少一个水质量索引显示它为灌溉化学上值得怀疑或不合适。因此，深地下水正在成为一个不能接受的资源因为在学习区域的地下水质量正在展出降级的符号，灌溉在海岸线附近定位的区域，这被结束。这研究调查结果贡献地下水资源的更好的理解以便支持地区性的管理和保护。

简介：Thedemandforgraphiteresourceshasbeenincreasingduetoitsextensiveuse.GraphitedepositsinChinaaremainlydistributedinHeilongjiang,InnnerMogolia,Sichuan,ShanxiandShandong,characterizedby"oneold&onenew"and"manyineast&fewinwest".Therearemainlythreegenetictypes,includingregionalmetamorphictype,contactmetamorphictypeandhydrothermaltype.Hereweprovideasummaryofthemetallogenicregularityand15metallogenicbeltsinChinabasedonthestudyofthegeologyofnationalgraphitedeposits.Inrecentyears,greatprogresshasbeenmadeintheresearchofgenesis,mineralexplorationandevaluationongraphitedeposits,whichindicategreatpotentialforgraphiteresourceinChina.Theauthorssuggestthattheresearchongeochronology,oresources,thegenesisofcrystallinegraphiteandexplorationforhydrothermalgraphiteinChinashouldbeheightened.

简介：基于中国908工程的最近的海底的地形学数据(中国近海海洋的环境全面调查和评价)，我们分析了一般中国近海影响它的发展的海底的地形学的特征和因素。离开中国的海岸的海底的地形学跟随陆地地形学的NW-SE趋势。海底的地形学的坡度与大约0.8%的一个平均坡度从0.2%～1.6%。深度轮廓与海岸变主要平行，并且在河口区域伸出到海。海底的地形学被地质的结构统治，它证明二的典型特征高举并且从北方的二个沉淀事件到向南。与不同沉积环境和复杂水动力学条件相结合的地质的结构生产了能被三种类型描绘的地形学：沉积的盆，压缩高举，和转变形式。在沉积的盆和压缩高举区域，地形学的波动是小的，沉积是有细密纹理的，并且水流流动在一个单个方向，导致有沉积平原的海湾并且在水下累积倾斜，它具有一样的构造起源。转变类型地形学被强壮的波动和混合尺寸沉积描绘粒子，平台和沿海的陡坡和架平原和侵蚀免职地形近海。这是不完全的差错块开发的结果并且重复违反。在免职改革区域(转变形式类型)，地形学有强壮的波动，沉积是粗糙的，潮汐的沙山脉在源自陆地供应的河口和集中地区是开发得好的，并且Holocene沉积是厚的，由潮，河流量，和水流转变了。

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简介：ThereoccurabundantchertsintheMesozoicandCenozoicstratainsouthernTibet.Someofthempossesscharacteristichydrothermalstructuressuchaslayered,laminated,massiveandbrecciastructures.RatiosofAl/(Al+Fe+Mn),Co/Ni,Fe/TiandTiO2-Al2O3demonstratethattheiroriginisrelatedtohydrothermalsedimentation.ThechertformationshavecloserelationshipwithSb,Auandpoly-metallicmineralization,andtheore-formingfluidshowstrongcorrelationwithfossilhydrothermalwater.

简介：Therearemanythrust-relatedstructuresoccurringinthePaleozoicstrataoftheNiushouMountaininthecentralpartofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion.Thefault-relatedfoldsarethetypicalstructuresinthisarea.Basedontheanalysisaboutthesestructuresandtheirrelationships,theprocessesbywhichthesestructuresoftheMiboshanFormationwereformedarereconstructed,andthestrataunderwentaboutthreestagesofdeformation:(1)horizontalshortening,(2)folding,and(3)thrusting.AndthefactthattheNiushouMountainistheleadingedgeofanoldthrustsheetwasproved,theNiushouMountain,theDaluoMountainandtheXiaoluoMountaintogetherconstitutethefrontpartofthisoldthrustzone,sotheNiushouMountainandtheOrdovicianstratainthecentralandsouthernpartsofNingxianowarelikelyallochthons.IntheperiodfrommiddleOrdoviciantoDevonian,theareasofthecentralandsouthernNingxiabelongedtotheback-arcforelandbasinofNorthQilianshanorogen,whichwasadjacenttothecontinentinthenorth.InthelaterpartoftheearlyPaleozoicperiod,theNiushouMountainwasformedaftertheclosureoftheback-arcforelandbasin.

简介：TheZudongandGuanxigranitesareoriginalrocksoftheionadsorption-typeHREEandLREEdepositsinweatheringcrustofgranites.TheΣREEvalueandLREE/HREEratiooftheZudonggraniteare264ppmand0.81-0.24respectively,andtheaverageY/ΣREEratiois35.8-54.5%.Thisismainlyduetomagmaticcrystallizationandevolutionanddeutericmetasomatism(albitization,muscovitizationandfluorite-doveritization).Thesealterationsresultedinendogenicmineralizationsofyttrium-groupREEfluorinecarbonates,silicatesandarsenates.TheGuanxigraniteischaracterizedbyLREEenrichment(theaverageLREE/HREEratiois2.43).

简介：BasedontheseismicdatagatheredinpastyearsandthecorrelationbetweentheseaandlandareasoftheLowerYangtzePlatform,thestructuralcharacteristicsoftheSouthYellowSeaBasinsincetheIndosiniantectonicmovementisstudiedinthispaper.ThreestagesofstructuraldeformationcanbedistinguishedintheSouthYellowSeaBasinsincetheIndosinian.Thefirststage,LateIndosiniantoEarlyYanshanian,wasdominatedbyforelanddeformationincludingboththeupliftingandsubsidencestagesunderanintensivelycompressionalenvironment.Thesecondstage,whichiscalledtheHuangqiaoEventinthemiddleYanshanian,wasachangeforstressfieldsfromcompressiontoextension.Whileinthethirdstage(theSanduoEvent)intheLateHimalayan,thebasindevelopedadepressionintheNeogene-QuatemaryafterriftingintheLateCretaceous-Paleogene.Thelong-timeevolutioncontrolled3basinformationstagesfromaforelandbasin,thenafaultbasintoafinaldepressionbasin.Inconclusion,sincetheIndosinian,theSouthYellowSeaBasinhasexperiencedcompressionalfoldandthrust,collisionalorogen,compressionalandtensionalpulsation,strike-slip,extensionalfaultblockandinversionstructures,compressionandconvergence.TheNE,NEE,nearlyEWandNWtrendingstructuresdevelopedinthebasin.Fromwesttoeast,thestructuraltrendchangedfromNEEtonearEWtoNW.Whilefromnorthtosouth,theychangedfromNEEtonearEWwithastrong-weak-strongzoningsequence.Vertically,themarineandterrestrialfaciesbasinsshowa"seesaw"patternwithfoldandthrustintheearlystages,whichisstronginthenorthandweakinthesouthandanextensionalfaultinlaterstages,whichisstronginthenorthandweakinthesouth.Inthemarinefacies'basin,thrustdeformationismoreprevailingintheupperstructurallayerthanthatinthelowerlayer.ThetectonicmechanismintheSouthYellowSeaBasinismainlyaffectedbythecollisionbetweentheYangtzeandNorthChinaBlock,whilethestressenvironmentoflarge-scal

简介：TheMayangCudeposit,westernHunanisamiddle-scalesandstone-typeCudepositpredominantofnativecopper.Fromanangleofgeologicalintegrativefield,fracturegeochemicalfeaturesarestudidedanddiscussedinthispaper.Infracturestructure,variantregularityandtheratiosofelementcouplesparticipatinginmetallogensisthattheirgeochemicalnaturesaresimilarorstronglycorrelative,revealchanginglawsofmetallogenictemperatureandpressurefieldsandmigratingdirectionofmetallogenicelements.Thetheoreticalstudytalliesmuchbetterwithproductivepractice.Theyaremeaningfultoconductprospectingandexployation.

简介：Eolian灰尘免职是亲密地与大气的循环和来源区域的环境背景有关，并且因此是为学习大气的发行量模式和paleoclimatic变化的进化历史的一个无价的工具。识别任何eolian存款的起源为重建是关键的不仅灰尘来源区域的paleoenvironmental历史，而且为理解各种各样的索引的paleoclimatic意义。从西藏的高原(TP)的东方边缘上的Garze区域的黄土和paleosol样品被分析为他们的元素(专业和踪迹元素)并且同位素(Sm-Nd)地球化学并且与那些相比，北汉语(NC)，黄土在一样的年龄形成了。结果证明Garze黄土和paleosol样品的geochemical作文类似于中国黄土高原(CLP)上的那些eolian存款，并且也类似于平均UCC。这显示TP的东方边缘上的eolian存款从经历了众多的上面的外壳的再循环过程的混合得好的沉积protoliths被导出，就就象CLP黄土存款。与NC黄土相比，然而，Garze样品有更高的ΣREE，李，Rb，Zr，C，Hf和双性人集中，更高的TiO2/Al2O3,Hf/Nb，La/Nb，Th/Nb和更低的K2O/TiO2,Zr/Hf，Ba/Rb比率。从Sm-Nd同位素的地球化学，εNd(0)和147Sm/144Garze黄土和paleosol样品的Nd价值清楚地比NC黄土低。，更高级的双性人，Zr和Hf集中与在这个区域的广泛地分布式的acid-magmatic岩石相关李，的更高的内容C，Rb被归因于TP的高背景价值。Garze黄土和paleosol的geochemical特征进一步取样证明冰川的本地人和另外的第四级的由岩屑形成的沉积是主要为TP的东方边缘上的eolian存款的贡献者。在在不同时间形成的Garze黄土和paleosol样品的稳定的元素集中和他们的比率与NC黄土比较有相对更大的变化范围，显示自从晚早的更新世，为eolian存款的来源区域是不稳定的。我们与TP的uplift