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简介：Circulatingfreenucleicacids;cellfreeDNAandcirculatingmicro-RNA,arefoundintheplasmaofpatientswithhematologicandsolidmalignanciesatlevelshigherthanthatofhealthyindividuals.InpatientswithhematologicmalignancycellfreeDNAreflectstheunderlyingtumormutationalprofile,whilstmicro-RNAsreflectgeneticinterferencemechanismswithinatumorandpotentiallythesurroundingmicroenvironmentandimmuneeffectorcells.Thesecirculatingnucleicacidsofferapotentiallysimple,non-invasive,repeatableanalysisthatcanaidindiagnosis,prognosisandtherapeuticdecisionsincancertreatment.

简介：Currentlytheclinicalmanagementofbreastcancerreliesonrelativelyfewprognostic/predictiveclinicalmarkers(estrogenreceptor,progesteronereceptor,HER2),basedonprimarytumorbiology.Circulatingbiomarkers,suchascirculatingtumorDNA(ctDNA)orcirculatingtumorcells(CTCs)mayenhanceourtreatmentoptionsbyfocusingontheverycellsthatarethedirectprecursorsofdistantmetastaticdisease,andprobablyinherentlydifferentthantheprimarytumor'sbiology.Toshiftthecurrentclinicalparadigm,assessingtumorbiologyinrealtimebymolecularlyprofilingCTCsorctDNAmayservetodiscovertherapeutictargets,detectminimalresidualdiseaseandpredictresponsetotreatment.Thisreviewservestoelucidatethedetection,characterization,andclinicalapplicationofCTCsandctDNAwiththegoalofprecisiontreatmentofbreastcancer.

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简介：Xingxiong注射(XXI)是叶片白果树摘录和ligustrazine为心血管、脑血管的疾病的治疗作好准备的一个广泛地使用的中国草药的公式。与药理学研究相比，这个公式上的化学分析和质量控制研究是相对有限的。在现在的学习，高效液体层析结合了四极time-of-flight团spectrometry(HPLC-QTOFMS)方法在XXI被用于成分的全面分析。根据破碎规则和以前的报告，三十白果树flavonoids，四白果树萜烯内酯，和一碱被识别。高效液体层析结合了三倍的四极团spectrometry(HPLC-QQQMS)方法然后被使用确定在XXI的十主要成分。方法确认结果显示发达方法有理想的特性，线性，精确和精确性。白果树flavonoids的全部的内容关于22.05-25.51g·mL−1，白果树萜烯内酯数量分别地关于在XXI样品的六批的4.41-8.70g·mL−1。而且，余弦比率算法和距离大小被采用评估XXI样品的类似，并且结果表明了高质量的一致性。这个工作能在Xingxiong注射的质量控制上提供全面信息，它在一个合理质量控制标准的建立是有用的。

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简介：Objective:Impairedactivefluidtransportofalveolarepitheliummayinvolveinthepathogenesisandresolutionofalveolaredema.Thcobjectiveofthisstudywastoexplorethechangesinalveolarepithelialliquidclearanceduringlungedemafollowingacutelunginjuryinducedbyoleicacid.Methods:Forty-eightWistarratswererandomlydividedintosixgroups,I.e.,injured,amiloride,ouabain,amilorideplusouabainandterbutalinegroups.Twenty-fourhoursaftertheinductionofacutelunginjurybyintravenousoleicacid(0.25ml/kg),5％albuminsolutionwith1.5μCi125Ⅰ-labeledalbumin(5ml/kg)wasdeliveredintobothlungsviatrachea.Alveolarliquidclearance(ALC),extravascularlungwater(EVLW)contentandarterialbloodgasesweremeasuredonehourthereafter.Results:At24haftertheinfusionofoleicacid,theratsdevelopedpulmonaryedemaandseverehypoxemia,withEVLWincreasedby47.9％andALCdecreasedby49.2％.Additionofeither2×10-3Mamilorideor5×10-4MouabaintotheinstillationfurtherreducedALCandincreasedEVLW.ALCincreasedbyapproximately63.7％andEVLWdecreasedby46.9％withimprovedhypoxemiaintheTerbutaline(10-4M)group,comparedthoseininjuredrats.AsignificantnegativecorrelationwasfoundbetweentheincrementofEVLWandthereductionofALC.Onclusions:Activefluidtransportofalveolarepitheliummightplayaroleinthepathogenesisoflungedemainacutelunginjury.

简介：瞄准：用液体血管注射剂硅酮与阴茎尺寸扩大报导我们的经验。方法：在2003年8月和2006年7月之间，324个人(意味着年龄35年，range19-65年)在阴茎柄的背面、侧面的方面上收到了在阴茎皮肤和阴茎海绵体之间的一系列液体硅酮皮下注射，在局部麻醉下面。数字相片拿的过程前并且过程以后(n=324)，并且阴茎轮廓大小(n=30)产出的客观结果。主观结果从病人和满足的搭挡证词被导出。后续平均20个月(范围1-36月)。结果：Threehundred和24个过程是主要扩大。大多数人(61%)结婚了，7%被他们的搭挡伴随，并且93%被割除。吝啬的测量阴茎圆周was9.5厘米(7.5-11.5厘米)预告的处理和12.1厘米(10.3-15.3厘米)处理以后(在直径的圆周和0.84厘米的27%的吝啬的增加)。病人和搭挡满足已经在开始的二治疗以后被表示。性欲活动能在8h以后被恢复。复杂并发症(温和檫伤)容易被解决。结论：阴茎尺寸扩大使用液体血管注射剂硅酮没有立即或短期的复杂并发症产出很令人满意的短期的结果。

简介：目的：开发一个新奇方法由DHPLC检测CpGmethylation。方法：在DNA与钠重亚硫酸盐被对待以后，失配修理基因hMLHl倡导者被聚合酶链反应(PCR)放大。DHPLC被用来在他们的部分使中毒的温度分开PCR产品。BstUI消化试金也为比较学习被使用。结果：A294bp乐队被PCR在结肠癌房间线RKO和胃的癌症房间线PACM82的每件DNA样品以后获得。这二个乐队能被DHPLC在53掳C(为RKO的保留时间6.7min对为PACM82的6.2min)完全分开。当PACM82不是methylated时，自从methylation能保护C的变换到T并且在重亚硫酸盐治疗以后使更高的C/G满意，我们断定在RKO房间的hMLHl倡导者是methylated，导致推迟的时间。从BstUI消化试金的与那些一致的这些结果。结论：在hMLHl的CpG岛的Methylation能被DHPLC在重亚硫酸盐修正以后方便地检测。

简介：Thestereochemistryoftwo6,9-oxygenbridgedibenzocyclooctadienelignansfromKadsuracoccinea,aredifficulttoseparateandveryunstable.Thepresentstudywasdesignedtodevelopahigh-performanceliquidchromatographyusingcirculardichroismdetectionfortheanalysisofthestereochemistry.Anew6,9-oxygenbridgedibenzocyclooctadienelignansnamedKadsulignanQwasfirstlyfoundwithanS-biphenylconfiguration.TheothercompoundwasidentifiedasKadsulignanLwithanR-biphenylconfiguration.Inordertoobtainkineticdataontheirreversibleinterconversion,thestabilitywasmeasuredatdifferentdeuteratedsolventssuchasdeuteratedmethanol,deuteratedchloroformanddeuterateddimethylsulfoxide.Thelignansweremoreunstableandconvertedmoreeasilyindeuteratedmethanolthanindeuteratedchloroformanddeuterateddimethylsulfoxide.

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简介：Sesquiterpene内酯在他们的特殊结构和活动的优点在Kudiezi注射被看作主要活跃混合物。此处，一个分析方法为用结合的高效的液体层析的在Kudiezi注射的快速的屏蔽和sesquiterpene内酯的鉴定被开发在否定离子模式的线性离子trap-orbitrap团spectrometry(HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap)。首先，二个sesquiterpene内酯参考标准被分析获得他们的典型ESI-MS/MS破碎模式。第二，基于提取离子层析(EIC)数据挖掘方法和典型破碎小径分析，在Kudiezi注射的sesquiterpene内酯很快被屏蔽并且识别。最后，一个重要参数堵塞P被采用区别sesquiterpene内酯的异构体。作为结果，50sesquiterpene内酯被描绘，包括9sesquiterpene内酯aglycones，39sesquiterpene内酯glycosides，和2氨基的acid-sesquiterpene内酯结合。在他们之中，13混合物尝试性地作为新混合物被识别。结果证明确定的方法将是为在自然的药的复杂系统屏蔽和sesquiterpene内酯的鉴定的一个快速的、有效分析工具。

简介：Si-Miao-Wan(SMW),atradiationalChinesemedicinalformulaconsistingofAtractylodisRhizoma,PhellodendriChinensisCortex,CoicisSemen,andAchyranthisBidentataeRadix,hasbeenusedforthetreatmentofgoutandgoutyarthritisformanyyears.Inthepresentstudy,aliquidchromatographyquadrupole-time-of-flightmassspectrometry(LC-Q-TOF/MS)methodwasestablishedtoidentifythemultipleconstituentsofSMWanditsmetabolitesinratbiologicalsamplesafteroraladministration.Atotalof48compoundsinSMW,including21alkaloids,12organicacids,2terpenes,3lactones,2phytosterols,and8othercompounds,weretentativelycharacterizedwiththediagnostic-ionfilteringstrategy.BasedonthediagnosticionsappliedtoidentifycompoundsinSMW,28prototypecompoundsand10metaboliccompoundsweredetectedinthebiologicalsamples.ThiswasthefirstcomprehensivedrugmetabolisminvestigationofSMWinrats.Thedevelopedmethodcouldbeausefulmeansforidentifyingthemulti-componentsinSMWandthemetaboliccomponents.TheresultsmayhelpexplorethepossiblemetabolicprocessesandmechanismofactionforSMWinvivo.

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简介：TocharacterizeandidentifymultipleconstituentsinDanhonginjection(DHI),afastultra-highperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledtoelectrosprayionizationquadrupoletime-of-flighttandemmassspectrometry(UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS)methodwasestablishedandvalidatedinthepresentstudy.Atotalof63compounds,including33phenolicacids,2C-glycosylquinochalcones,6flavonoidO-glycosides,4iridoidglycosides,6organicacids,5aminoacids,and3nucleosides,wereidentifiedortentativelycharacterized.Inconclusion,theUHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MSmethodisusefulandefficientforin-depthstructuralelucidationofchemicalcompoundsincomplexmatricesofherbalmedicinessuchasDHI.

简介：Thepresentstudywasdesignedtodevelopandvalidateasensitiveandreliableultrahighperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithquadrupoletime-of-flightmassspectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)methodtoseparateandidentifythechemicalconstituentsofQixueShuangbuTincture(QXSBT),aclassictraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)prescription.UndertheoptimizedUPLCandQTOF/MSconditions,56componentsinQXSBT,includingchalcones,triterpenoids,protopanaxatriol,flavonesandflavanoneswereidentifiedandtentativelycharacterizedwithinarunningtimeof42min.Thecomponentswereidentifiedbycomparingtheretentiontimes,accuratemass,andmassspectrometricfragmentationcharacteristicions,andmatchingempiricalmolecularformulawiththatofthepublishedcompounds.Inconclusion,theestablishedUPLC-QTOF/MSmethodwasreliableforarapididentificationofcomplicatedcomponentsintheTCMprescriptions.