简介：AbstractPrenatal micronutrients in pregnant women’s diets, including supplements, have an essential role in fetal brain development and may reduce the risk of mental disorders in offspring. Folic acid, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and choline have been investigated for this purpose. Folic acid supplementation throughout pregnancy has well-established positive effects. Vitamin D, administered to the mother before birth or to the newborn, has also been shown to reduce the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy have a more uncertain role, with recent trials questioning a beneficial effect on cognition and attention deficit disorder, despite positive effects on prematurity and neonatal wheezing prevention. Choline supplementation is associated with positive effects on cognition and behavior, including early behaviors associated with the development of autism and schizophrenia. There is no experience yet with COVID-19, but adverse effects on fetal brain development of most common coronaviruses are mitigated by higher choline levels. Maternal dietary supplementation of nutrients is a benign and inexpensive intervention in pregnancy to prevent life-long disability from mental illness. Use of dietary supplements in poorer, rural areas of China is below recommendations. Physicians, midwives, and public health officials in China can promote prenatal nutrient supplementation to reduce the future burden of mental illnesses that might be prevented before birth.

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简介：Background:Athletes,coaches,sportpsychologypractitioners,andresearcherssuggestthatmentaltoughnessrepresentsanimportantconstructthatisassociatedwithathleticperformance.Unfortunately,theabsenceofreal-worldperformanceasadependentvariablehaslimitedourabilitytosubstantiatethisclaim.Theconcernofalackofecologicallyvalidmeasuresofsportsperformancemightbeaddressedbyexaminingtherelationshipbetweenmentaltoughnessandsportsperformanceusingastandardizedmeasureofpersonalbest(PB)triathlontimeandavalidatedunidimensionalmeasureofmentaltoughness.Methods:Threehundredandsixteentriathletescompletedthe8-itemmentaltoughnessindex(MTI),reportedtheirage,andprovidedaPBOlympicdistancetriathlontimeandthetotalnumberoftriathlonstheyhadcompletedtodate.Giventhatmalesaretypicallyquickerthanfemales,astandardizedtimewascalculatedbydividingthePBbythecurrentOlympicrecordforgender;wealsohypothesizedthatmoreexperiencedtriathleteswouldreportquickerPBtimesbecauseofgreaterfrequencyanddurationoftraining.Oncewehadcontrolledforgenderandexperience,wepredictedthatmentaltoughnesswouldbenegativelyassociatedwithtriathlontimeandthesizeoftherelationshipwouldbeofamoderatemagnitude.Results:Resultsrevealedsmall-tomoderate-sizednegativerelationshipsbetweenbothcompletednumberoftriathlonsandmentaltoughnesswithstandardizedPBtime.Conclusion:ThehierarchicalregressionanalysisshowedthatmentaltoughnessprovidedauniquecontributiontothevariabilityinstandardizedOlympictriathlonPBaftercontrollingforthetotalnumberoftriathlonscompleted.

简介：TherecentpublicationbyChekroudetal.inLancetPsychiatryfocusesontherelationshipbetweenphysicalexerciseandmentalhealth.Mentalhealthisdefinedasoptimalpersonalfunctioning"resultinginproductiveactivities,fulfillingrelationshipswithotherpeople,andtheabilitytoadapttochangeandtocopewithadversity".(p.4)Recently,mentalhealthhasnolongerbeendescribedasadichotomousstatebutasacontinuum,withpersonalmentalstatesrangingfromhighlyfunctionaltomentallyill.

简介：AbstractPurpose:As COVID-19 spreads globally and affects people's health, there are concerns that the pandemic and control policies may have psychological effects on young people (age from 17 to 35 years). This psychological impact might vary in different countries, and thus we compared the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress, loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among young people in the United Kingdom (UK) and China at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Data of this study came from two sources. One source was the first wave of COVID-19 study in Understanding Society, a special wave of the UK household longitudinal study, which provided the high-quality, national-wide representative panel data. The sample comprised 1054 young people. The other source was an online survey on the mental health of 1003 young people from Shanghai, a highly developed area in China. The questionnaire included questions on the prevalence of common mental disorders (cut-off score ≥ 4), loneliness and potential PTSS (cut-off ≥ 33). Univariable analyses were conducted to test the differences in the self-reported prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to explore the predictors of psychological distress and loneliness among all the young people from England and Shanghai.Results:Among the samples with self-reported psychological distress, the UK sample accounted for 34.4% (n=1054) and the Chinese sample accounted for 14.1% (n=1003). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, 57.1% of people in the UK and 46.7% in China reported that they sometimes or often felt lonely, of which the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regression analysis of the entire samples showed that nationality, gender, psychotherapy and loneliness were significant predictors of 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores, while the variables of age and living alone were not. Significant predictors of self-reported loneliness were the nationality, gender, age, living alone and psychotherapy. In China, 123 (12.3%) young people, 49 men (11.3%) and 74 women (13.0%), met the criteria of PTSS symptoms (cut-off scores ≥ 33). These scores were only collected in China.Conclusion:This evidence suggests that mental health and loneliness reported by young people were lower in China than that in the UK during the studied period. More research is needed to understand these differences. If the differential negative psychological impacts are confirmed, country-specific measures of prevention and intervention should be adopted to improve the mental health of young people under the ongoing impact of the pandemic.

简介：Objective：Toobservetheeffectofelectro-scalpacupunctureonglucosemetabolismofcerebralregionsinvolvingmentalactivityinhealthypeople.Methods:Atotalof6casesofvolunteerhealthysubjects(3malesand3females)ranginginagefrom22to36yearsweresubjectedtothisstudy.Changesofcerebralglucosemetabolismbeforeandafterelectro-scalpacupuncturewereobservedbyusingpositronemissiontomography(PET)andsemi-quantifyinganalysismethod.Electro-scalpacupuncturestimulation(50Hz,2rnA)ofMiddleLineofVertex(Dingzhongxian,顶中线,MS5),MiddleLineofForehead(Ezhongxian,额中线,MS1)andbilateralLateralLine1ofForehead(Epangyixian,额旁一线,MS2)wasadministeredfor30minutes.Thencerebralregionsofinterest(ROIs)werechosenandtheiraverageglucosemetabolismlevels(radioactivityof18fluorinedeoxyglucose)wereanalyzed.Results：Afteradministrationofelectro-scalpacupuncture,theglucosemetabolismlevelsinbilateralfrontallobesandbilateralcaudatenuclei,leftcingulategyrusandrightcerebellumincreasedsignificantlyincomparisonwiththoseofprestimulation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Electro-scalpacupunctureofMS1,MS2andMS5canincreasetheglucosemetabolismofcertaincerebralregionsinvolvingmentalactivityinhealthysubjects.

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简介：摘要： 初始进入飞行训练的飞行学员经常会产生紧张、焦虑、畏惧等心理，会在很大程度影响飞行学员对飞行技能的掌握，随着飞行经历的增加和技能的提升又会出现盲目自信、炫耀的心理状态，在训练后期即机长训练阶段在和不同的同学搭配机组时，本篇文章主要通过调查问卷对不同性格、不同阶段学生心理状态进行分类统计，进而能够让飞行教员能够更加清楚地掌握学生的心理状态，促进飞行训练的效果，提高飞行学员的飞行品质。

简介：Abstract: This article is a research paper on the impact of occupational stress on women's mental health and coping strategies.

简介：AbstractBackground:COVID-19 can lead to increased psychological symptoms such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among patients with COVID-19. Based on the previous mindfulness-based interventions proved to be effective, this protocol reports a design of a randomized controlled trial aiming to explore the efficacy and possible mechanism of a mindful living with challenge (MLWC) intervention developed for COVID-19 survivors in alleviating their psychological problems caused by both the disease and the pandemic.Methods:In April 2021, more than 1600 eligible participants from Hubei Province of China will be assigned 1:1 to an online MLWC intervention group or a waitlist control group. All participants will be asked to complete online questionnaires at baseline, post-program, and 3-month follow-up. The differences of mental health status (e.g. PTSD) and physical symptoms including fatigue and sleeplessness between the COVID-19 survivors who receiving the online MLWC intervention and the control group will be assessed. In addition, the possible mediators and moderators of the link between the MLWC intervention and target outcomes will be evaluated by related verified scales, such as the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire. Data will be analyzed based on an intention-to-treat approach, and SPSS software will be used to perform statistical analysis.Discussion:The efficacy and potential mechanism of MLWC intervention in improving the quality of life and psychological status of COVID-19 survivors in China are expected to be reported. Findings from this study will shed light on a novel and feasible model in improving the psychological well-being of people during such public health emergencies.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR2000037524; Registered on August 29, 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=60034.

简介：AbstractBackground:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not only attacking physical health, but it is also increasing psychological suffering. This study aimed to observe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health outcomes among patients with mild to moderate illness in Fangcang shelter hospitals.Methods:We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of 129 patients with mild to moderate illness from Jiangxia Fangcang shelter hospitals in Wuhan, China. The participants were assessed by quantifying their symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and stressful life events and analyzing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. Using correlation analysis, we examined associations between exposure to COVID-19 and subsequent psychological distress in response to the outbreak.Results:In total, 49.6% of participants had depressive or anxiety symptoms. The depressive and anxiety symptoms were highly related to sleep disturbances and hypochondriasis (all r > 0.50, P < 0.01). The impact of the event was positively related to depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep disturbances, hypochondriasis and life events (all r > 0.35, P < 0.01) but was negatively related to psychological resilience (r = -0.41, P < 0.01). The presence of the COVID-19 infection in this setting was associated with increased anxiety, depression and stress levels, and decreased sleep quality, and seriously affected patients’ quality of life as well as adversely affecting the course and prognosis of physical diseases.Conclusion:The sleep quality, anxiety, and depression of COVID-19 patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals were significantly related to the impact of the epidemic.

简介：摘要：大学生心理健康工作在大学生日常工作中日益重要。制定高校大学生心理健康教育的措施与对策，对进一步加强大学生心理健康教育工作，提高学生的心理素质，降低大学生心理危机事件的发生率，减少大学生因心理危机带来的恶性事件和负面影响，提高大学生心理健康水平，促进大学生健康成长，维护校园稳定有重要意义。

简介：Mentalretardation(MR)childrenarereferredtothosewhohavealowerintelligenceincomparisonwiththatofthenormalchildrenwithsimilaragesinthedevelopmenalstageandsomeconcurrentdefectsinadaptivebehaviorsimultaneously.Inthepastmorethan10years,we

简介：AbstractPurpose:Previous studies usually examine the associations between psychological distresses and quality of life (QOL) with a variable-centred approach, while little is known about the effect of the individual variance in time-varying changes of psychological distresses on QOL. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether individual variance in psychological distresses during the early phases post-earthquake would develop different QOL’s levels among adolescent survivors 10-year after the Wenchuan earthquake.Methods:Data were extracted from the Wenchuan Earthquake Adolescent Health Cohort Study. The current study included 744 adolescent survivors who effectively completed surveys at 6 months, 24 months, and 10 years after the earthquake. Self-report questionnaires were administered to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, earthquake exposure, life events, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and QOL. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression.Results:Trajectories of psychological distresses were classified as follow: resistance (anxiety 40.73%; depression 54.70%; PTSS 74.46%), recovery (anxiety 17.20%; depression 9.27%; PTSS 10.35%), delayed dysfunction (anxiety 10.35%; depression 18.15%; PTSS 6.18%), and chronicity (anxiety 31.72%; depression 17.88%; PTSS 9.01%). After controlling covariates, hierarchical multiple regression only revealed that the anxiety trajectory with delayed dysfunction remained significantly predictive for four domains of QOL (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment).Conclusion:The current study highlights the importance of focusing on the variations in trajectories of anxiety symptoms among disaster survivors and providing individualized mental health services to improve survivors’ QOL.

简介：AbstractBackground:Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural drainage for pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) has become the first-line treatment with quicker recovery and more minor injury compared with surgery and percutaneous drainage. The efficacy of stents implantation and drainage for different PFCs remains controversial, especially lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of LAMS drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts (PPC) and walled-off necrosis (WON).Methods:A meta-analysis was performed for LAMS drainage for WON and PPC by systematically searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases from January 2010 to January 2020. From 2017 to 2019, 12 patients who were treated with LAMS drainage for PFCs in our medical center were also reviewed and included in this study.Results:Combining 11 copies of documents with the data from our medical center, a total of 585 patients with PFCs were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 343 patients with WON and 242 with PPC. The technical success rate in WON is not significantly different from that of PPC (P = 0.08 > 0.05). The clinical success of LAMS placement was achieved in 99% vs 89% in PPC and WON, respectively (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98, P = 0.01 < 0.05). The further intervention of direct endoscopic necrosectomy was required by 60% of patients in WON group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events, including infection, bleeding, stent migration and stent occlusion, after LAMS placement between WON and PPC.Conclusions:Endoscopic ultrasound-guided LAMS for PFCs are feasible, effective with preferable technical and clinical success rates. The clinical effect of LAMS on PPC is slightly better than that of WON, but its adverse reactions still need to be verified in a large-sample prospective study.