简介:CO2emissionofthesteelindustrytakesupagreatproportionofthetotalemissionoftheworld.ItisnecessarytoreducetheCO2intensityofsteelproductsinordertosaveenergy,protecttheenvironmentandkeepasustainabledevelopmentinthesteelindustry.Basedontheresearchofsteelproducts'lifecycleinventory,thosewhoconductedthisresearchhavefocusedontheanalysisofCO2emissionfactorsandmeasures.Adoptingthelifecycleinventorymodelofacertainsteelmakingsite,togetherwiththeTornadoChart,theresearchershaveidentifiedsignificantfactors,providedsomeexplanation,andsuggestedsomepossiblemeasurestoreduceCO2emission.TheresultshaveshownthatthemostimportantfactorsaretheCO2intensityofblastfurnacegas(BFG),hotmetalratioofbasicoxygenfurnace(BOF)andthematerialutilizationefficiency.Accordingly,somemeasuressuchasremovingCO2inBFG,decreasingthehotmetalproportioninBOF,andimprovematerialutilizationefficiencyineachprocess,maybetakentodecreaseCO2emission.
简介:Thisworkdealswiththekineticsofco-condensationpolymerizationofAB2andABmonomers,givingexpressionsofthetwo-dimensionalmolecularweightdistributionfunctionandthenumber/weightaveragemolecularweightsoftheresultingcopolymers.Thetwo-dimensionalmolecularweightdistributiondependsontwoindices,nandl,whicharetherespectivenumbersofAB2andABunitsinacopolymerspecies.Theevolutionofthetwo-dimensionalweightandzdistributionsduringtheco-condensationpolymerizationhasbeenevaluatedsystematically.Finally,thetwo-dimensionaldistributionwastransformedintoaone-dimensionalmolecularweightdistributionwithonlyonevariable(themolecularweightoftheproductsinsteadofthedegreeofpolymerization).Thecalculatedresultsshowthatthehighlybranchedcopolymerhasaverybroadmolecularweightdistributionwhentheco-condensationpolymerizationapproachescompletion.
简介:农业和改编上的气候的变化的影响具有科学研究的关键担心。然而,广阔无常在全球气候模型输出,排放情形,规模转变和庄稼模型parameterization之中存在。以便减少这些无常,我们集成四种IPCC排放情形的产量结果A1FI,A2,B1和B2,和在这的HadCM3,脉冲编码调制,CGCM2,CSIRO2和ECHAM4的五个全球气候的模式学习。从气候的研究单位(CRU)把气候的变化情形基于未来的20个数据库,吗气候的每天中部的值的情形数据随1污愠摮爠来潩慮?慰瑴牥?椠攮?瀠敲楣楰慴楴湯猠潨敷?湡漠癢潩獵椠据敲獡湩?牴湥?湩眠湩整?的全球吝啬的温度增加在研究地点上被产生戠瑵愠搠'糖锚摐?牴湥?湩琠敨爠楡祮猠慥潳??汵?潴匠灥整扭牥?愠摮琠敨挠慨杮湩?牴湥?慷?潭敲愠灰牡湥?湩琠敨渠牯桴牥?慰瑲琠慨?湩琠敨猠畯桴牥?湡?業摤敬瀠牡吗?
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简介:TheadsorptionofCOonPtgroupmetals,asamostfundamentalelementaryreactionstep,hasbeenwidelystudiedincatalysisandelectrocatalysis.Particularly,thestructuresofCOonPt(111)havebeenextensivelyinvestigated,owingtoitsimportancetobothfundamentalandappliedcatalysis.Yet,muchlessisknownregardingCOadsorptiononaPt(111)surfacemodulatedbysupportedoxidenanostructures,whichisofmorerelevancetotechnicalcatalysis.Wethusinvestigatedthecoverage-dependentadsorptionofCOonaPt(111)surfacepartiallycoveredbyFeOxnanostructures,whichhasbeendemonstratedasaremarkablecatalystforlow-temperatureCOoxidation.Wefoundthat,duetoitsstrongchemisorption,thecoverage-dependentstructureofCOonbarePtisnotinfluencedbythepresenceofFeOx.But,oxygen-terminatedFeOxnanostructurescouldmodulatethediffusivityofCOattheirvicinity,andthusaffecttheformationoforderedCOsuperstructuresatlowtemperatures.Usingscanningtunnelingmicroscopy(STM),weinspectedthediffusivityofCO,followedthephasetransitionsofCOdomains,andresolvedthemoleculardetailsofthecoverage-dependentCOstructures.OurresultsprovideafullpictureforCOadsorptiononaPt(111)surfacemodulatedbyoxidenanostructuresandshedlightsontheinter-adsorbateinteractiononmetalsurfaces.
简介:Pd/C向polyketones(PK)的形成催化的公司和苯乙烯的copolymerization在N-valeronitrile-N-methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate被学习([C4CNmim]+PF6)中等。综合PK被Fourier变换描绘红外线(FTIR),元素的分析,13C-nuclear磁性的回声(13C-NMR),微分扫描热量测定(DSC),thermogravimetric分析(TGA)和胶化浸透层析(GPC)。Pd/C催化剂的表面上的支持的离子的液体电影能阻止产品用金属离子由于它的化学稳定性和弱协作能力盖住活跃的碳的洞,并且高效地因此改进催化活动。在催化剂的催化活动和PK的分子的重量的离子的液体的不同数量的效果被讨论。离子的液体的用法什么时候是10wt%(0.1g离子的液体/1g活跃的碳搬运人)并且Pd2+的理论内容是5wt%(0.05gPd2+/1g活跃的碳搬运人),最高催化的活动2963.64gSTCO/(gPd訐?訐??