简介：Asimplifiedmultisupportresponsespectrummethodispresented.Thestructuralresponseisasumoftwocomponentsofastructurewithafirstnaturalperiodlessthan2s.Thefirstcomponentisthepseudostaticresponsecausedbytheinconsistentmotionsofthestructuralsupports,andthesecondisthestructuraldynamicresponsetogroundmotionaccelerations.Thismethodisformallyconsistentwiththeclassicalresponsespectrummethod,andtheeffectsofmultisupportexcitationareconsideredforanymodalresponsespectrumormodalsuperposition.Iftheseismicinputsateachsupportarethesame,thesupportdisplacementscausedbythepseudostaticresponsebecomerigidbodydisplacements.Theresponsespectruminthecaseofmultisupportexcitationsthenreducestothatforuniformexcitations.Inotherwords,thismultisupportresponsespectrummethodisamodificationandextensionoftheexistingresponsespectrummethodunderuniformexcitation.Moreover,mostofthecoherencycoefficientsinthisformulationaresimplifiedbyapproximatingthegroundmotionexcitationaswhitenoise.Theresultsindicatethatthissimplificationcanreducethecalculationtimewhilemaintainingaccuracy.Furthermore,theinternalforcesobtainedbythemultisupportresponsespectrummethodarecomparedwiththoseproducedbythetraditionalresponsespectrummethodintwocasestudiesofexistinglong-spanstructures.Becausetheeffectsofinconsistentsupportdisplacementsarenotconsideredinthetraditionalresponsespectrummethod,thevaluesofinternalforcesnearthesupportsareunderestimated.Theseregionsareimportantpotentialfailurepointsanddeservespecialattentionintheseismicdesignofreticulatedstructures.

简介：Thepurposeofthisstudyistodevelopasimplifiedmathematicalmodeltosimulatesuspendedsolidsandtotalphosphorusconcentrationsinawetlandordetentionpond.Fielddatacollectedfromawetdetentionpondduringstormswereusedtodemonstratetheapplicationofthismodel.Favorableagreementsbetweenthemodelresultsanddatawereachieved.Theratioofaverageoutletmethodandsummaryofloadsmethodwereusedtoquantifytheremovalefficiencyofpollutants,reflectingtheefficienciesareveryclose.Theresultsofthisstudycanbeusedfornonpointsourcepollutioncontrol,wastewatertreatmentorbestmanagementpractices(BMPs)throughthewetland.

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简介：Domainswitchingisthemainsourceofnonlinearcharacteristicsinferroelectrics.Accordingtocrystalplasticitytheory,thedomainsanddomainswitchingsystemsforperovskitetypestructureferroelectricsaredefined.Consideringthetraversemotionperformanceofdomainwall,arathersimplifiedformofevolutionlawaboutincrementalofvolumefractionduringdomainswitchinghasbeendeveloped.Themainfactors,whichexertaninfluenceondomainswitching,suchasmaterialparameters,domainwallmotionhistory,kindofdomainswitching(180°or90°)andvolumefraction,couldbeaddressed.Thehysteresisloopsofspontaneouselectricpolarizationasafunctionofelectricfield,thebutterflyshapedstrainversuselectricfieldcurveandtheplatformrelationsbetweenspontaneouspolarizationandstress,aswellasthelongitudinalstrainandstress,arewellsimulatedanddiscussed.

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简介：Thelastdecadeorsohasseenthedevelopmentofrefinedperformance-basedearthquakeengineering(PBEE)approachesthatnowprovideaframeworkforestimationofarangeofimportantdecisionvariables,suchasrepaircosts,repairtimeandnumberofcasualties.ThispaperreviewscurrenttoolsforPBEE,includingthePACTsoftware,andexaminesthepossibilityofextendingtheinnovativedisplacement-basedassessmentapproachasasimplifiedstructuralanalysisoptionforperformanceassessment.Detailsofthedisplacement-baseds+eismicassessmentmethodarereviewedandasimplemeansofquicklyassessingmultiplehazardlevelsisproposed.Furthermore,proposalsforasimpledefinitionofcollapsefragilityandrelationsbetweenequivalentsingle-degree-of-freedomcharacteristicsandmulti-degree-of-freedomstorydriftandflooraccelerationdemandsarediscussed,highlightingneedsforfutureresearch.Toillustratethepotentialofthemethodology,performancemeasuresobtainedfromthesimplifiedmethodarecomparedwiththosecomputedusingtheresultsofincrementaldynamicanalyseswithinthePEERperformance-basedearthquakeengineeringframework,appliedtoabenchmarkbuilding.Thecomparisonillustratesthatthesimplifiedmethodcouldbeaveryeffectiveconceptualseismicdesigntool.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthesimplifiedapproacharediscussedandpotentialimplicationsofadvancedseismicperformanceassessmentsforconceptualseismicdesignarehighlightedthroughexaminationofdifferentcasestudyscenariosincludingdifferentstructuralconfigurations.

简介：ThisarticleinvestigatestransmitterdesigninRayleighfadingmultipleinputmultipleoutput(MIMO)channelswithspatialcorrelationwhentherearechanneluncertaintiescausedbyacombinedeffectofchannelestimationerrorandlimitedfeedback.Toovercomethehighcomputationalcomplexityoftheoptimaltransmitpowerallocation,asimpleandsuboptimalallocationisproposedbyexploitingthetransmissionconstraintanddifferentiatingaboundbasedonJenseninequalityonthechannelcapacity.Thesimulationresultsshowthatthemutualinformationcorrespondingtotheproposedpowerallocationcloselyapproachesthechannelcapacitycorrespondingtotheoptimaloneandmeanwhilethecomputationalcomplexityisgreatlyreduced.

简介：Asimplifiedfatigue-lifemodelisproposedforassessingtheseismicinelasticrotationalcapacityofsteelconnections.Firstrelationsaredevelopedforrigidsteelconnectionsunderlateralloading.Nextthisisextendedtoaccountfortheeffectsoftheweldedsteelmomentframe(WSMF)connectionsoftheso-calledpre-Northridgetype.Theseismicfatiguetheoryisvalidatedagainstexperimentalresults.Theexperimentswereconductedunderincreasingductilityamplitudcsuntiltheonsetoffracture.Miner'rulewasusedtoconvertthetestresultstogivenanequivalentconstantamplitudecyclicfatiguelife.Satisfactoryagreementisobtainedwhencomparingtheexperimentalobservationswiththetheoreticalpredictions.

简介：一个简单协议用变白的稻秧为脱氧核糖核酸抽取被建立，米饭脱氧核糖核酸由此直接在单个eppendorftube在0.5mol/LNaOH答案被提取。比较PCR分析和电气泳动的结果证明用这个方法提取的脱氧核糖核酸象那个使用的标准CTAB方法同样好、有用。

简介：AsimplifiedfragilityanalysisoffantypecablestayedbridgesusingProbabilisticRiskAnalysis(PRA)procedureispresentedfordeterminingtheirfailureprobabilityunderrandomgroundmotion.Seismicinputtothebridgesupportisconsideredtobeariskconsistentresponsespectrumwhichisobtainedfromaseparateanalysis.Fortheresponseanalysis,thebridgedeckismodeledasabeamsupportedonspringsatdifferentpoints.Thestiffnessesofthespringsaredeterminedbyaseparate2Dstaticanalysisofcable-tower-decksystem.Theanalysisprovidesacoupledstiffnessmatrixforthespringsystem.Acontinuummethodofanalysisusingdynamicstiffnessisusedtodeterminethedynamicpropertiesofthebridges.Theresponseofthebridgedeckisobtainedbytheresponsespectrummethodofanalysisasappliedtomultidegreeoffreedomsystemwhichdulytakesintoaccountthequasi-staticcomponentofbridgedeckvibration.Thefragilityanalysisincludesuncertaintiesarisingduetothevariationingroundmotion,materialproperty,modeling,methodofanalysis,ductilityfactoranddamageconcentrationeffect.ProbabilityoffailureofthebridgedeckisdeterminedbytheFirstOrderSecondMoment(FOSM)methodofreliability.Athreespandoubleplanesymmetricalfantypecablestayedbridgeoftotalspan689m,isusedasanillustrativeexample.Thefragilitycurvesforthebridgedeckfailureareobtainedunderanumberofparametricvariations.Someoftheimportantconclusionsofthestudyindicatethat(i)notonlyverticalcomponentbutalsothehorizontalcomponentofgroundmotionhasconsiderableeffectontheprobabilityoffailure;(ii)groundmotionwithnotimelagbetweensupportexcitationsprovidesasmallerprobabilityoffailureascomparedtogroundmotionwithverylargetimelagbetweensupportexcitation;and(iii)probabilityoffailuremayconsiderablyincreaseforsoftsoilcondition.

简介：Throughnumericalmodeling,akindofsimplifiedcalculatingmethodforstandingwavepressureonverticalfacebreakwaterhavebeenputforward.Notonlytheformulasproposedinthispaperaresimpleinformandveryeasyinuse,butalsotheypossesscontinuityonthefullrangeofstandingwave.Andmore,theprecisionrequiremenntsofcalculationcanbesatisfiedtoacertainextentinengineeringpractice.

简介：Theaveragebondenergymethodispopularizedandappliedtostudybandoffsetsatstrainedlayerheterojunctions.BycarefulexaminationofhydrostaticanduniaxialstrainactionsonthebandoffsetparameterEmv,itisfoundthattheaveragebandoffsetparameterEmv,av=Em-Ev,avremainsbasicallyunchangedunderdifferentstrainconditions.Therefore,providedthebandoffsetparameterbeforestrainEmv,0ofbulkmaterialiscalculated,andtheexperimentvaluesofdeformationpotentialbandspin-orbit(SO)splittingenergy△0arequoted,theEmvatstrainedlayercanbeobtainedbyasimpleandconvenientalgebraiccalculation.Thusthevalencebandoffset△Evatstrainedlayerheterojunctincanalsobepredictedconveniently.Thissimplifiedcalcultationmethodischaracterizedbydecreasedcalculationamountandincreasedconvictionduetouseasmanyaspossibletheexperimentvalues.

简介：Asimplifiedwaytocomputemultiplecoherencefunction,partialcoherencefunction,partialmultiplecoherencefunction,aswellasalltypesofcoherentoutputspectraarededucedinthispaperbyapplyingmultivariatelinearregressiontheorytomultiplecoherenceanalysis.Theconceptof"residualcrossspectrum"isavoided.Theformulasaresimpleandeasytobeprogrammed.Theproblemsinnoisesourceidentificationbypartialcoher-encefunctionarediscussed.Theresultsfornoisesourceidentificationinasimulatedmodelaregiven.

简介：在这篇文章，我们在用原来被介绍在的相互作用Morawetz估计为Hartree方程散布的精力上给一个简单证明[5]。

简介：Asimplifiedmodalmethodtoexplaintheresonancephenomenoninguidedmoderesonance(GMR)gratingswithasymmetriccoatingsispresented.Theresonanceobservedisduetotheinteractionoftwopropagationmodesinsidethegrating.Thereflectivityspectraandelectricfielddistributionscalculatedfromthesimplifiedmodalmethodarecomparedusingrigorouscoupled-waveanalysis(RCWA).Theinfluencesofhigh-orderevanescentmodesontheresonancepeakareanalyzed.AmatrixFabry-Perot(FP)resonanceconditionisdevelopedtoevaluatetheresonancewavelength.AnexplanationfortheresonancephenomenonobservedbasedontheFPresonancephaseconditionisalsoproposedanddemonstrated.ThesimplifiedmethodprovidesclearphysicalinsightsintoGMRgratingsthatareusefulfortheanalysisofavarietyofotherresonancegratings.

简介：为有未知结构的非线性的系统的一个系统鉴定方法用短输入产量数据被介绍。方法简化原来的NARMAX方法。它为非线性的系统介绍更一般的模型结构。方法被采用获得模型术语的数据处理的组方法(GMDH)；参数。建议方法的有效性被一个典型非线性的系统与未知结构说明；缺乏的输入产量数据。

简介：Asimplifiedclosed-formanalyticsolutionforUWBimpulsesignaltransmittingthroughafinitelyconductingslabisproposed.Theapproachfirstrequiresevaluatingtheimpulseresponseoftheslabandthenconvolvingitwiththespecifiedincidentfieldwaveform.Toobtaintheimpulsivetransmittingfield,eitherforverticalorhorizontalpolarization,approximationstotherefractioncoefficientsandpropagationlossaremade,whichcanbeprovedtobeaccurateenough,comparingwiththeirfrequencydomainsolutions.Thereby,itpermitssimplifiedclosed-formexpressionsinthetimedomainforbothterms.Theresultingtransientresponseforthetransmittingimpulsefieldisthengivenbyconvolutionofthetimedomainrefractioncoefficientsandtimedomainpropagationloss.Anumericalexampleofanincidentmonocycletransmittingthroughaslabusingthistechnique,ispresented,toillustratetheeffectiveuseofthemethod.

简介：在这份报纸，为一个抑制主要系统的抑制动态颤动吸收器的一个得最高分的战略图案被调查最小化颤动大小山峰。而且，为一个two-degree-of-freedom系统减少对强迫的频率的变化的主要系统反应的敏感，主要系统应该有二座相等的回声大小山峰。满足这个要求，包括主要系统的反响的频率的分发特征的一套简化限制方程为得最高分的战略目的函数被建立。修改限制方程由另外的作者比那些有不太未知的变量，它不仅简化计算而且改进最佳的价值的精确性。建议方法的优点通过数字模拟被说明。

简介：Asimplifiedmethodforthesimulationoftheergodicspatiallycorrelatedseismicgroundmotionisproposedbasedonthecommonlyusedoriginalspectralrepresentationmethod.Torepresentthecorrelationinthegroundmotion,thephaseanglesaregivenbyexplicittermswithaclearphysicalmeaning.Bytheseexplicitterms,thecomputationalefficiencycanbeimprovedbyconvertingthedecompositionofthecomplexcross-spectralmatrixintothedecompositionoftherealincoherencecoefficientmatrix.Double-indexingfrequenciesareintroducedtosimulatetheergodicseismicgroundmotion,andtheergodicfeatureoftheimprovedmethodisdemonstratedtheoretically.Subsequently,anexplicitsolutionoftheelementsofthelowertriangularmatrixundertheCholeskydecompositionisgiven.Withthisexplicitsolution,theimprovedmethodissimplified,andthecomputationalefficiencycanbeimprovedgreatlybyavoidingtherepetitiveCholeskydecompositionofthecross-spectralmatrixineachfrequencystep.Finally,anumericalexampleshowsthegoodcharacteristicoftheimprovedmethod.