简介：Elastographyforthepancreascanbeperformedbyeitherultrasoundorendoscopicultrasound(EUS).Therearetwotypesofpancreaticelastographiesbasedondifferentprinciples,whicharestrainelastographyandshearwaveelastography.Thestiffnessoftissueisestimatedbymeasuringthegradeofstraingeneratedbyexternalpressureintheformer,whereasitisestimatedbymeasuringpropagationspeedofshearwave,thetransversewave,generatedbyacousticradiationimpulse(ARFI)inthelatter.Strainelastographyisdifficulttoperformwhentheprobe,thepancreasandtheaortaarenotlocatedinline.Accordingly,afineelastogramcanbeeasilyobtainedinthepancreaticbodybutnotinthepancreaticheadandtail.Incontrast,shearwaveelastographycanbeeasilyperformedintheentirepancreasbecauseARFIcanbeemittedtowhereverdesired.However,shearwaveelastographycannotbeperformedbyEUStodate.Recently,clinicalguidelinesforelastographyspecializedinthepancreaswerepublishedfromJapaneseSocietyofMedicalUltrasonics.Theguidelinesshowustechnicalknacksofperformingelastographyforthepancreas.

简介：<正>Duringthelastwinterholi-day,IhavereadapassagenamedTransientDaysbyZhuZiqing,writteninEng-lish.(朱自清的散文《匆匆》,附后)Ihavelearnedalessonfromit,thatis,cherishtime.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigateenoughvalidmeasurements(VMs)toassessliverfibrosisinchronichepatitisBpatients(CHB).METHODS:OnehundredandtwelveCHBpatients(25women,87men)withameanageof38.43yearsreceivedliverstiffnessevaluationsusingreal-timeshearwaveelastographyfor10VMs.Allpatientsunderwentliverbiopsy.Basedonthebiopsypathology,theliverstiffnessdataobtainedfromdifferentVMs(1,2,3,5and10times)werecomparedfortheevaluationofliverfibrosis.ThecorrelationbetweentheelasticmodulusmeansoftheliverobtainedfromdifferentVMsofdetectionateachpathologicalstagewasanalysed.Thereceiveroperatingcharacteristic(ROC)curvewasemployedtodeterminethediagnosticperformanceofdifferentVMsofdetection,andtheareasundertheROCcurveofdifferentgroupswerecompared.RESULTS:Theliverstiffnessvaluesobtainedfrom1VM,2VMs,3VMs,5VMsandall10VMsforstageF0were6.95±2.01kPa,6.87±1.83kPa,6.90±1.88kPa,6.95±1.93kPaand7.15±1.89kPa,respectively(F=0.043,P=0.996).ForstageF1,thesevalueswere7.12±1.72kPa,7.24±1.72kPa,7.21±1.74kPa,7.10±1.78kPaand7.04±1.70kPa,respectively(F=0.075,P=0.990).ForstageF2,theywere9.37±3.87kPa,9.18±3.68kPa,9.19±3.81kPa,9.18±3.81kPaand9.19±3.53kPa,respectively(F=0.012,P=1.000).ForstageF3,thesewere11.91±3.88kPa,11.78±4.04kPa,11.83±4.07kPa,11.94±4.17kPaand12.00±4.02kPa,respectively(F=0.010,P=1.000).ForstageF4,thereadingswere19.30±7.63kPa,19.40±7.36kPa,19.54±7.43kPa,19.73±7.21kPaand20.25±7.22kPa,respectively(F=0.054,P=0.995).Therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweenthesegroups.Intraclasscorrelationcoefficientsamongdifferentpathologicalstages(F0-F4)withdifferentdetectionVMswere0.995,0.993,0.996,0.994and0.996,respectively.Themeanelasticityvaluesfrom1VM,2VMs,3VMs,5VMsand10VMscanaccuratelydistinguishfibrosisstages(F0vsF1234,F01vsF234,F012vsF34andF0123vsF4)withnosignificantdifferencesinthefivegroups(P>0.05forall).CONCLUSION:One

简介：Transientelectronicsareanemergingclassofelectronicswiththeuniquecharacteristictocompletelydissolvewithinaprogrammedperiodoftime.Sincenoharmfulbyproductsarereleased,theseelectronicscanbeusedinthehumanbodyasadiagnostictool,forinstance,ortheycanbeusedasenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativestoexistingelectronicswhichdisintegratewhenexposedtowater.Thus,themostcrucialaspectoftransientelectronicsistheirabilitytodisintegrateinapracticalmannerandareviewoftheliteratureonthistopicisessentialforunderstandingthecurrentcapabilitiesoftransientelectronicsandareasoffutureresearch.Inthepast,onlypartialdissolutionoftransientelectronicswaspossible,however,totaldissolutionhasbeenachievedwitharecentdiscoverythatsiliconnanomembraneundergoeshydrolysis.Theuseofsingle-andmulti-layeredstructureshasalsobeenexploredasawaytoextendthelifetimeoftheelectronics.Analyticalmodelshavebeendevelopedtostudythedissolutionofvariousfunctionalmaterialsaswellasthedevicesconstructedfromthissetoffunctionalmaterialsandthesemodelsprovetobeusefulinthedesignofthetransientelectronics.

简介：Inthispaper,theKirchhoffstransformationispopularizedtothenonlinearheatconductionproblemwhichtheheatconductivitycanbeexpressdasamultinomialoftemperaturefirstly,theboundaryconditionofheatconductionproblemisdeterminedbyanalytics.Secondly,theincubationperoidsuperpositionandthelinearcombinationlawisemployedtosimulatethetransientphassestransformationintheprocessofheattreatmentofmaterials.Thatthebegintimeofphasetransformation,thetypeofphasetransformationandtheamountofphaseconstitutionisdeterminedsimply.Finally,thethree-dimensionDualReciprocityBoundaryElementMethodisusedtoanalysisthetotalprocessofvariousheattreatmentofcomponent,theresultsofnumericalcalculationofexamplesshowthatthemethodprovidedinthispaperiseffectivce.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatethecorrelationofshearwaveelastography(SWE)resultswithliverfibrosishistologyandquantitativefunctionreserve.METHODS:Weeklysubcutaneousinjectionof60%carbontetrachloride(1.5mL/kg)wasgivento12caninesfor24wktoinduceexperimentalliverfibrosis,witholiveoilgivento2controlcanines.At24wk,liverconditionwasevaluatedusingclinicalbiochemistryassays,SWEimaging,lidocainemetabolitemonoethylglycine-xylidide(MEGX)test,andhistologicfibrosisgrading.Clinicalbiochemistryassayswereperformedattheinstitutionalcentrallaboratoryforroutineliverfunctionevaluation.Liverstiffnesswasmeasuredintriplicatefromthreedifferentintercostalspacesandexpressedasmeanliverstiffnessmodulus(LSM).PlasmaconcentrationsoflidocaineanditsmetaboliteMEGXweredeterminedusinghigh-performanceliquidchromatographyrepeatedinduplicate.Liverbiopsysampleswerefixedin10%formaldehyde,andliverfibrosiswasgradedusingthemodifiedhistologicalactivityindexKnodellscore(F0-F4).Correlationsamonghistologicgrading,LSM,andMEGXmeasureswereanalyzedwiththePearsonlinearcorrelationcoefficient.RESULTS:At24wkliverfibrosishistologicgradingwasasfollows:F0,n=2(control);F1,n=0;F2,n=3;F3,n=7;andF4,n=2.SWELSMwaspositivelycorrelatedwithhistologicgrading(r=0.835,P<0.001).Specifically,theF4grouphadasignificantlyhigherelasticmodulusthantheF3,F2,andF0groups(P=0.002,P=0.003,andP=0.006,respectively),andtheF3groupalsohadasignificantlyhighermodulusthanthecontrolF0group(P=0.039).LSMwasnegativelyassociatedwithplasmaMEGXconcentrationsat30min(r=-0.642;P=0.013)and60min(r=-0.651;P=0.012),timeto?ofthemaximumconcentration(r=-0.538;P=0.047),andtheareaunderthecurve(r=-0.636;P=0.014).Multiplecomparisonsshowedidenticaldifferencesinthesethreemeasures:significantlylowerwithF4(P=0.037)andF3(P=0.032)ascomparedtoF0a

简介：ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＯＦＴＨＥＢＩＯＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＲＡＮＳＩＥＮＴＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＰＵＬＳＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＯＦＴＨＥＢＩＯＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＲＡＮＳＩＥＮＴＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＰＵＬＳＥＷ...

简介：Thispaperpresentanimprovedpreciseintegrationalgorithmfortransientanalysisofheattransferandsomeotherproblems.Theoriginalpreciseintegrationmethodisimprovedbymeanoftheinve-rseaccuracyanalysissothattheparameterN,whichhasbeentakenasaconstantandanindependentpa-rameterwithoutconsiderationoftheproblemsintheoriginalmethod,canbegeneratedautomaticallybythealgorithmitself.Thus,theimprovdealgorithmisadaptiveandtheaccucacyofthealgorithmisnotdependentonthelengthofthetimestepintheintegrationprocess.Itisshownthatthenumericalresultsobtainedbythemethodproposedaremoreaccuratethanthoseobtainedbytheconventionaltimeintegrationmethodssuchasthedifferencemethodandothers.Fourexamplesaregiventodemonstratethevalidity,accuracyandeffi-ciencyofthenewmethod.

简介：这篇文章处理为特别变丑的薄2D板根据Fl建模的矩形的粘弹性的orthotropic的短暂颤动的答案

简介：WepresentthenumericalanalysisofacoupledmethodforthenumericalsimulationoftransientviscoelasticflowobeyingadifferentialconstitutiveequationwithaNewtonianviscosity.TheschemeusedisbasedonEulerimplicitmethodintimeandmaintainsateachtimestepacoupleofthevelocityuandtheviscoelasticpartofthestressσ.Approximationinspaceismadebyfiniteelementmethod.Theapproximatestress,velocityandpressureare,respectively,P1-continuous,p2-continuous,andp1continuous.Upwindingneededforconvectionofσismadebya'StreamlineUpwindPetrovGalerkin'method(SUPG).

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简介：Wedevelopedatransientmodelforactin-basedmotility.Diffusionofactinmonomerswasincludedintheformulationanditsinfluenceonthespeedofactin-drivencargoswasexaminedindetail.Ourresultsclearlydemonstratedhowactinpolymerizationacceleratescargosthatareinitiallystationary,aswellashowsteady-stateiseventuallyreached.Wealsofoundthat,duetopolymerizationanddiffusion,actinmonomerconcentrationneartheloadsurfacecanbesignificantlylowerthanthatintherestofth...

简介：DetailedanalysisontransientcharacteristicsofECLcircuitsareperformedinthispaper,thenarelativelyexactpropagationdelayexpressionappliedforalltemperaturesispresented.Thecryogeniccharacteristicsofsomedominantparameterscontributedtopropagationdelayarealsodiscussed.Themodelachievedissuitableforoptimumdesignsofhighspeeddevicesandcircuitsatalltemperatures.

简介：在这篇评论文章，我们在场为在nanodevices的短暂电子动力学的一个非平衡量运输理论在费米子与路径积分方法基于准确主人方程发源协调状态的表示。把准确主人方程用于nanodevices，我们也与Keldyshnonequilibrium格林功能建立减少的密度矩阵和短暂的量运输电流的连接。理论使我们能从接触与背反应效果在nanostructures学习短暂的量运输，与non-Markovian驱散和decoherence充分被考虑。在应用程序，我们利用理论到特定的量运输系统，许多量decoherence和量包含non-Markovian存储器效果的运输现象在接触的任意的起始的温度在短暂、静止的情形被调查。

简介：ThetransientresponsetolongitudinalimpactofflexiblerodswithHertzcontactiscloselyrelatedtotheextentofdeformationswithdifferentimpactparameters.BymeansofLS-DYNA,fordifferentradiusanddifferentspeeds,thelongitudinalimpactofahammerwitharoundedendonadrillrodisnumericallysimulatedinthisarticle.Simulationsdemonstratethatthereisanobviousdif-ferencebetweenanalyticalsolutionandnumericalsolutiononconditionofshortcurvatureradius.Inthecircumstancecontactpressureincreases,theboundaryoftheyieldzoneexceedsthatofthecontactzone,andthesignificantplasticdeformationreducestheintensityofcontactpressurepulse.Contactforce-timecurvesinloadingandunloadingphasesshiftdown.Thenumericalsolutionisingoodagree-mentwithanalyticalsolutiononconditionoflargecurvatureradiusandimpactspeeds.Thedeforma-tionofyieldregionisconstrainedbythesurroundingelasticregionandnosignificantplasticdeforma-tionappears.

简介：TheincorrectdeductionofequationsintheresearchworksdevotedtothestudiesoftransientstressincylindricallyorthotropictubesanddonebyKardomateas(JournalofAppliedMechanics,1989,1990)leadstothewrongresults.Theerrata(1991)correctthedeductionerror,butdonotgivetherightnumericalresults.Allerrorsarecorrected,andtheMathematicaisadoptedtosolvethelargeargumentproblemforBesselfunction.Atheoreticalsolutionofthetransientthermalstressesintubeswithuniformformispresented,andanumericalexampleisstudied.

简介：超声的短暂的地水平地极化了砍2/2散发的波浪压电的合成正常探查被分析。二不同表面力量来源的分析的地解决方案被推出，中央剖面图上的短暂排水量地分发被数字计算阴谋。直接波浪和边波浪以及头波浪在阴谋清楚地被观察。时间域波形的试验性的结果符合了理论预言，它在变换器的短暂的域附近支持了理论、数字的结果。

简介：AbstractImportance:Acute respiratory infections are quite prevalent in children. Transient hyperphosphatasemia (TH) is defined as the transient elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level, which occurs mainly in infants and children without liver or bone disorders. Although no apparent cause has been identified, a possible association of respiratory infections with TH has been reported in the literature.Objective:In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between TH and respiratory infectious diseases.Methods:We collected the results of biochemical investigations, including ALP level, for a period of 5 years in our hospital. We then examined the patients with transiently elevated ALP levels of > 2000 U/L.Results:During the observation period, 1501 blood samples were collected from 1097 patients. Marked elevation of serum ALP level was observed in 12 patients. All patients with hyperphosphatasemia, except for one with Fanconi syndrome attributable to the underlying Wilson’s disease, were aged < 5 years and were diagnosed with TH. Ten of these 11 patients with TH had acute respiratory infections. Marked ALP elevation was not found in any patients with non-inflammatory diseases. ALP isoenzyme profiles showed a characteristic pattern in all six patients in whom the ALP isoenzyme test was conducted.Interpretation:Our results suggest an association between respiratory infections and TH. The consideration of TH in patients with acute respiratory infections may lead to earlier and accurate diagnosis of this condition, thereby avoiding unnecessary medical interventions.

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简介：ＯＮＴＨＥＨＩＧＨＰＲＥＣＩＳＩＯＮＡＤＡＰＴＩＶＥＯＰＥＮＢＯＵＮＤＡＲＹＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳＦＯＲＴＲＡＮＳＩＥＮＴＷＡＶＥＳ￥ＺｏｕＧｕａｎｇ－ｙｕａｎ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓａｎｄＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｐｅｋｉｎｇ...