简介：Shearthickeningfluids(STFs)areatypeofnon-Newtonianfluids.Intheequilibriumstate,theSTFsareinliquid-state.However,theybecomesolid-stateunderasuddenstrikeorimpact.Andwhenthestrikeorimpactisremoved,theSTFscanturnbacktotheirequilibriumproperties.Thispaperprovidesadetailedreviewonrelevantliteraturerelatedtotheapplicationswithshearthickeningfluids.Itintroducedthefactorsaffectingshear-thickeningbehaviourincludingvolumefraction,particlesize,particleshape,carrierfluidviscosity,temperatureandsomeotherfactors.

简介：这笔记的目的是改进H获得的整齐结果。为p液体的一个班的在2008的BeirãodaVeiga流动在一个立方的领域。关键想法关于正常的在正切的方向正在利用答案的更好的整齐，由呼吁各向异性的Sobolev嵌入钟声。

简介：TheIrtyshshearzone(ISZ)ofAltairegionisthelineamentstructureofthecollision-suturetype,wheregranitesofKalbacomplexandgranodioritesofZmeinogorskcomplexareexposedtoregionalgneiss-formationandstress-metamorphicalterations.Thisstudyisbasedondetailedstructuralobservationsatspecialgroundsusingopticalandelectronmicroscopy,andonthebehavioranalysisofisotopicsystemsfromalteredgranitoids.WithintheISZareawehaveestablishedthecontinuousrowsofgranitoidstress-metamorphismfrominitialrecrystallizationofprotolite,itscataclasisandmechanicalflaringuptocompleterecrystallizationwithalterationofmineralcompositionandformationofthestreakycomplexesofgranitetectonitesofblastomyloniteandblastocataclasitetypes.Thedirectedalterationofrockshasseveralimpulseandisexpressedbyachangeinmorphologyofmineralgrainsandtheirrelations,magnificationofdeformationcomponentintherockstructure,andformationofnewmineralphasesonthebasisofinitialoneswithoutsurfacefluidization.Attransformationofisotopicsystemsfromgranitoid,theirfeldspars,biotiteandhornblende,wecanobserve'rejuvenation'oftherocksubstratefrom270-290MaforKalbagranitoidsto220-235Mafortheirtectonites,andforRudnyAltaigranodiorites,theirageschangesfrom285-317Mato232-257Mafortheirtectonites.

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简介：Thereisacouplingofthermal,mechanical,chemicalandfluidalprocessesinacontinentalshearzone.BothXincheng-XishuiandHetaishearzonesaretypicalcontinentalcrustshearzonesofgreenschistfaciesenvironment.Therepresentativemylonitezonesoftheshearzonesarestudiedwithwholerockmajorandtraceelementanalyses.Thechemicalcompositionalvariationtendenciesinbothshearzonesareverysimilarandthegain-lossratiosofvariouscomponentsinthemyloniticrocksarereflectedinthemassbalanceequations.Theenrichmentofthoseimmobilehigh-field-strenghelementsisconsideredtoherelatedtothevolumelossofthemyioniticrocksinashearzone.BasedonthevolumelossexpressionCs/Co=1/（1-V）,thefractionalvolumelosses（V）are37.5％and36.5％-42.3％respectivelyformylonitesandultramylonitesintheXincheng-Xishuishearzoneand11％and28％respectivelyformylonitesandphyllonitesintheHetaishearzone.ThehighvolumelossandlargeremovalofSiO2from

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简介：Thetransitiontoturbulenceinflowswherethelaminarprofileislinearlystablerequiresperturbationsoffiniteamplitude."Optimal"perturbationsaredistinguishedasextremaofcertainfunctionals,anddifferentfunctionalsgivedifferentoptima.Weherediscussthephasespacestructureofa2Dsimplifiedmodelofthetransitiontoturbulenceanddiscussoptimalperturbationswithrespecttothreecriteria:energyoftheinitialcondition,energydissipationoftheinitialcondition,andamplitudeofnoiseinastochastictransition.Wefindthatthestatestriggeringthetransitionaredifferentinthethreecases,butshowthesamescalingwithReynoldsnumber.

简介：大腿骨的髁的孤立的花冠破裂在成年人是稀罕的并且Hoffa骨折不属于工会被报导仅仅在文学的一些时间。我们分析了六个案例在三年的一个时期上的Hoffa破裂不属于工会。三个病人保存地被对待，三个病人有固定失败。表示的延期是到一年的2个月。治疗协议与膝arthrolysis一起由开的减小，pseudoarthrosis的切除，骨头grafting和内部固定组成了。联合在平均数16星期在所有病人被完成。治疗Hoffa破裂不属于工会要求小心的外科手术前的计划和过细的外科的技术。关于在破裂管理和外科的技术的争吵的文学被考察。

简介：ThemeasurementresultsbyLaserDopplerVelocimetry(LDV)arecomparedwiththedirectnumericalsimulationresultbyEggelsetal.^[1]foracylindricalpipeflow.Inthecaseofapipeflow,thebiaserrorformeanvelocityisverysmall,becausethelocalturbulentintensityisverysmallalloverthepipecrosssection.Howeverthedifferenceofthecombinationofu'andv'haveconsiderableeffectsonReynoldsshearstress.Fromourinvestigation,itisfoundthattheselectionofcoincidencetimethatisanecessaryparameterforcombinationofu'andv'ismoreimportantinobtainingtheaccurateReynoldsshearstress.Thesuitablecoincidencetimeisselectedforajetflowandtheeffectivenessofcoincidenttimemethodorequaltimeintervalmethodwithcoincidencedataisshown.

简介：Plantcelllinesdifferredgreatlyintheabilitytowithstandshearstresses.Usingto-baccocellsandlicoricecellsasmodelplantcells,westudiedtheeffectsofshearstressesonthevi-abilityofplantcells.OurexperimentswerecarriedoutonahighshearrateCouetterheometerprovidinghomogeneousandconstantshearstressesoflaminarflow.TheviabilitywasdeterminedbyTTC（2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazoliumchloride）.Theresultswereasfollows.（1）Theviability（V）droppedexponentiallywithtime（t）,namelyV=Exp（-kt）,（k>oisaconstant）.Thismeantthetenabilityofstatisticalhomogeneity.（2）Thevalueofkwasafunctionofplantcells’mechanicalpropertiesandtheshearstressactingontheplantcells.Theshearratecorrespondingtok=owasthecriticalshearratethattheplantcellscouldwithstand.Itcanbeeasilydetermindedbyextrapo-lation.For7-day-oldtobaccocells,itwas1090s-1andfor9-day-oldlicoricecells,itwas6566s-1.（3）Theplantcellsuspensionswerepseudoplasticfluidsfittingτ=Kγn.Forthetobaccocellsus-pensiontested,n=O.73,andforthelicoricecellsuspensiontestedn=0.7.Thusthecriticalshearstressforthetobaccocellswas25dynes/cm2andforthelicoricecellsitwas80dynes/cm2.（4）Oneoftheirreasonsforlicoricecellstohavegreatertolerancetoshearstressesthantobacaccocellsmaybethegeometricfeaturesofthecellsandthesizesofthecells.Thelicoricecellswererod-shaped,butthetobaccocellsweresphericalandlargerthanthelicoricecells.

简介：学习shear不稳定性的传统的Kelvin-Helmholtz观点不对与联系的盒子合适砍有大风的线在旋涡表砍。从那以后，shear不稳定性成为旋涡表的theinstability。如果速度被旋涡表导致，不平等(1？Rr+Rid)>0并且U(v，t)>U((t))成为旋涡表不稳定性的标准。这个标准显示那1)环境地的布置制止沿着shear线发展的骚乱。2)在那里多存在在shear的不稳定的过程的鈥攕c淡色啤酒相互作用排队。为不稳定性的必要条件的计算也在这篇论文被介绍。关键词砍线-导致的速度-旋涡表的不稳定性这个工作被工程在严重MesoscaleCovective的动态学习上在资助G1998040907下面并且由关键工程在中国在构词的机制和重要气候和天气灾难的预兆的理论的学习上支持系统在资助No.49735180下面由中国的国家自然科学基金会赞助了。

简介：Experimentalandnumericalstudieshaveshownsimilaritiesbetweenlocalizedturbulenceinchannelandpipeflows.Byscalinganalysisofadisturbed-flowmodel,thispaperproposesalocalReynoldsnumberReMtocharacterizethethresholdoftransitiontriggeredbyfinite-amplitudedisturbances.TheReMrepresentsthemaximumcontributionofthebasicflowtothemomentumratiobetweenthenonlinearconvectionandtheviscousdiffusion.ThelowercriticalReMobservedinexperimentsofplanePoiseuilleflow...

简介：Inlargetokamakdeviceandreactordesigns,therelationshipbetweenthetoroidalcurrentandtheedgesafetyfactorisveryimportantbecausethiswilldeterminetheeventualdeviceorreactorsizeaccordingtoMHDstabilityrequirements.Inmanypreliminary

简介：这块地水平地极化了超声砍2/2散发的波浪压电的合成正常探查被学习。严格地，二不同表面力量的分析领域解决方案被推出，领域分发和择向性模式被数字计算给。垂直的散发的地砍波浪理论上并且与实验相比被获得。择向性模式的试验性的结果遵守了理论预言，它为变换器的设计申请提供了理论基础。

简介：<正>Irtyshshearzoneisastretched,butrelativelynarrownearfaulttectoniczone,whichischaracterizedbythefollowingfeatures:a)generalsturctureanisotropy(310-320o)withpre-dominanceofsymmetricalrelationshipsofplanarandlineartypes;b)predominantdevelop-mentofbendedblastomyolnite,blastocataclasiteandmetamelangefomations;c)regional,butnon-uniformfoliationofricksandgeneralmanifestationofstructuresoftheshearingflow;d)separationofnumerouslensesofmingmatite-likeandpegmatoidformations,smallintrusionsofleucocraticgranites,granite-porphyresandgranite-aplitesanddike-likebodiesofgabbro-dyabaesandultrabasicrlcks,rarely.

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简介：Previousconstitutivemodelsofgraniteshearcreephavetwolimitations:(1)althoughmoisturegreatlyaffectsgraniteshearcreepbehavior,currentlytherearenoconstitutivemodelsthatincludethisfactor;(2)therearealsonomodelsthatincludeanaccelerationstage.ThispaperpresentsanimprovedBurgersconstitutivemodelwiththeadditionofadamageparametertocharacterizethemoistureeffectandusesanonlinearrelationequationbetweenstressandstrainforinclusionastheaccelerationstage.Thedamageparameterisdeterminedfromgranitecreepexperimentunderfourdifferentmoisturecontents(0%,0.22%,0.49%,and0.79%).Thenonlinearrelationequationisobtainedbyfittingadatasetofstainversustimeunderfivedifferentloadingstages.Toverifythepresentedmodel,acreepexperimentwasconductedonothergranitesamplesandtheresultsshowthatthemodelagreeswellwiththeexperimentalobservationdata.

简介：ＴＨＥＣＩＳＫＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＡＮＤＴＨＥＩＮＥＲＴＩＡＬＧＲＡＶＩＴＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＷＡＶＥＳＩＮＳＨＥＡＲＦＬＯＷＷｕＨｏｎｇ（吴洪）；ＸｉａＹｏｕｌｏｎｇ（夏友龙）ａｎｄＺｈｅｎｇＺｕｇｕａｎｇ（郑祖光）（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭ...

简介：Lyapunov'ssecondmethodwasusedtostudythenonlinearstabilityofparallelshearflowsforstress-freeboundaries.Byintroducinganenergyfunctional,itwasshownthattheplaneCouetteandplanePoiseuilleflowsareconditionallyandasymptoticallystableforallReynoldsnumbers.Inparticular,totwo-dimensionalperturbations,bydefiningnewenergyfunctionalstheunconditionalstabilityofthebasicflowswasproved.

简介：超声的短暂的地水平地极化了砍2/2散发的波浪压电的合成正常探查被分析。二不同表面力量来源的分析的地解决方案被推出，中央剖面图上的短暂排水量地分发被数字计算阴谋。直接波浪和边波浪以及头波浪在阴谋清楚地被观察。时间域波形的试验性的结果符合了理论预言，它在变换器的短暂的域附近支持了理论、数字的结果。